Chikonga - ndi chiyani ichi? Mmene chikonga pa thupi

Kusuta mu nthawi wathu wakhala vuto lalikulu. Aliyense akudziwa kuti ndi zoipa, koma ambiri akupitiriza kusuta. Chikonga ali ndudu ngakhale ali zingawononge thupi Mlingo yaing'ono. Vuto si aliyense akumvetsa chimene chikonga ndiponso mmene thanzi la munthu. Tiyeni kuthana ndi vutoli!

makhalidwe General

Choncho Chikonga - ndi alkaloid yomwe imapezeka mu zomera za banja nightshade. Kuchuluka wamkulu wa thunthu zimawonedwa mu fodya, koma pali 66 zikhalidwe zomwe zili ku Mbali wamng'ono. Zedi ka chikonga ngakhale mu masamba monga tomato, tsabola belu, mbatata ndi biringanya.

Mu youma chikonga fodya lingayambire pakukhala 0,3 5% ndi kulemera. biosynthesis ake akupezeka mu mizu, ndipo kudzikundikira - mu masamba. Chikonga - ndi colorless wochuluka madzi chikhalidwe. Iwo zithupsa pa kutentha 247,6 ° C ndipo mofulumira darkens pa kukhudzana ndi mpweya. Pa kutentha 60-210 ° C chikonga pang'ono sungunuka m'madzi. kutentha A pansipa 60 kapena pamwamba 210 ° C izo zimasakanikirana bwino ndi madzi.

Dzina "Chikonga" anaonekera pambuyo Jean Nikota, amene anali French kazembe ku khoti Chipwitikizi. Mu 1560 iye anali ngati yothetsera migraine anatumiza uthenga kwa Mfumukazi Ekaterine Medichi Fodya pang'ono. Kuwonjezera kupweteka kwa mutu, alikuchitira misempha, mphumu, matenda a mano ndi mabala.

Chikonga ndi anthu

Popeza nthawi makedzana, anthu kusuta. mbiri World fodya zaka zoposa zikwi. Mu Russia, mwachitsanzo, fodya anaonekera yekha pansi Ivan kwambiri. Yogwira kulimbana ndi zizolowezi chikonga sanayambe mpaka cha m'ma lomaliza. Ndi moyo koma zilakolako zoipa amapambana, kutenga anthu ambiri. A gulu lalikulu la asilikali a osuta yopindulitsa makampani a fodya. Ndipo ngakhale ndi miyezo anatengedwa mu mabungwe zaumoyo, m'mayiko ambiri, fodya ndi ambiri ndipo angakwanitse mankhwala.

The ntchito chikonga

Chikonga ntchito njira zitatu kusuta, kutafuna fodya ndi inhalation. thunthu ali chuma cha mofulumira odzipereka mwa nembanemba mucous m'kamwa, njira chakudya ndi mapapo. Komanso, chikonga asalowe thupi kudzera pakhungu, ngakhale undamaged. Kamodzi mu thupi, chinthu chimene chimayanga mofulumira kwambiri ndi magazi. 7 masekondi pambuyo inhalation fodya, izo zifika ku ubongo. Chikonga amapita kumlingo m'thupi kwa maola osachepera awiri. Nthawi zambiri, chabe chiwerengero ka fodya ali fodya masamba ndi Mpweya pa kusuta. chakuti ambiri mwa mankhwala ankadya. Number njoka adsorbed pa kusuta zimatengera mtundu wa fodya ndi ndudu kutseka kupezeka. Pamene kutafuna kapena snuffing fodya pa thupi wapadera afika chikonga zambiri.

zotsatira

Kamodzi ingested, chinthu amakhudza acetylcholine zolandilira. Mu woipa otsika, izo imayendetsa ndi lilime ntchito. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka mu timadzi zikuwonjezereka masiku ano m'mwazi. Zikuwonjezereka masiku ano Iyamba kugunda mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi ukuwonjezeka, kumawonjezera mlingo wa kupuma ndi kuonjezera misinkhu shuga magazi.

Pa nkhani yoti chikonga zoipa, yankho lake ndi losavuta: ndithudi, ndi zoipa. Ngakhale masiku ano nkomwe aliyense kukayikira izo. Nthawi zambiri, Chikonga - ndi ululu weniweni. Iye mwamphamvu amakhudza onse dongosolo chapakati ndi zotumphukira mantha. Pacimake mankhwala amachita pa autonomic mantha dongosolo ganglion. Pa nkhani imeneyi, adzaupereka kwa kalasi otchedwa ganglinarnyh ziphe. Mlingo Large chikonga kulowa m'thupi, nkhawa ndi kutilepheretsa wamanjenje dongosolo, komanso kusiya kupuma, umene posachedwapa kumayambitsa matenda a mtima. Mlingo woopsa kwa munthu ali pafupifupi 0.5-1 mg / kg.

Ngakhale kawopsedwe amphamvu Mlingo yaing'ono, chikonga amachita monga stimulant ndi. Zingamvekere maganizo anu mosiyanasiyana kwa anthu osiyana. Kuchititsa amasulidwe zikuwonjezereka masiku ano ndi shuga, poizoni amachititsa malemeredwe wa chamoyo wonse. Kuyambira mfundo zotengera malingaliridwe a view, umabweretsa tanthauzo la zosangalatsa, mtendere ndi boma pang'ono euphoric. Kwa ena osuta, kuchepa kudya ndi kukula mlingo kagayidwe kachakudya, tingayambe kuwonda.

Mu ntchito chikonga nthawi zambiri, munthu amakhala thupi ndi maganizo amadalira izo ndi kubwereranso kwa iye nthawi zonse. Chikonga ndi ntchito yaitali chimachititsa chitukuko cha mavuto monga kusawona bwino, imfa ya m'mimba ndipo matumbo, matenda oopsa, hyperglycemia, tachycardia, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, matenda a mitima, angina, m'mnyewa wamtima infarction ndi matenda a mtima. Pamodzi ndi resins chikonga zimachititsa kuti chitukuko cha khansa ya m'mapapo. Ndipo anthu amene akhala kusuta kwa zaka zambiri, likuoneka kuti kusabala.

Zotsatira ndi zizindikiro za ntchito

Njira yoyamba chikonga chifukwa kunyansidwa ndi kusanza. Ngati akupitiriza kusuta, adzakhala kusintha ndi bongo izi kutha. A mukubwadamuka pang'ono lake lonse. Monga ulamuliro, pali zosangalatsa a minofu chigoba ndi kugwedeza. Mu wosuta ndi wotsikirapo anachita nthawi, koma bwino chidwi ndi muzitha kukumbukira. Komanso, Alamu Mwamsanga ndi chilakolako worsens ndi kusuta. Komabe, zina zabwino zomwe zikuchitika mwamsanga m'malo ndi zosiyana, pamene ndende ya mankhwala mu thupi amachepetsa.

poyizoni Chikonga chimaoneka ndi zizindikiro: kunyansidwa ndi kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba, malovu, kuwonongeka chinawonjezeka kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, chisokonezo, utachepa umoyo, kufooka ambiri.

Chikonga poyizoni ali osowa. Monga ulamuliro, poizoni ana amene amayesetsa kuti ndisute iyo monga mmene akuluakulu. Thandizo vuto la poizoni ndi losavuta: kutsegula mpweya wabwino, kuteteza mundawo kupuma kuchokera vomitus, kusamba nkhope yako ndi madzi ozizira. Mu nkhani ya poizoni nkhawa airway ndi kuteteza kuluma lilime.

zizindikiro kunja kwa fodya - fungo fodya m'kamwa mwake ndi pa manja ndi zala yellowed ndi sefa.

The ziwerengero zachisoni

Chochuluka osuta amakayikira zoti fodya zoipa kwa thupi, kukangana kuti chikhalidwe chawo si poipa pamene ananena kusuta. Komabe, ziwerengero pa akusonyeza zikutsimikizira zosiyana. Masekondi 10 mwa munthu dziko wina akamwalira kusuta. Pakali pano, monga momwe ziwerengero kwa fodya chaka imapha anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu anthu padziko lonse. M'tsogolo, malinga Zoneneratu onse, chithunzi ichi chidzachulukira kuti 10 miliyoni. Pali okayikira amene kunena kuti, poyerekeza ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi (biliyoni 6), 10 miliyoni - munthu wamba. Koma kwa anthu osuta fodya, omwe Kuwopsa kugwera awa 10 miliyoni, izi chiopsezo kwambiri. Ngati kukuchititsa zimenezi kukhumudwa, adzawononga za fodya za miliyoni 500 moyo lero. Ndipo ndi kale 9% ya anthu padziko lonse. Kuyambira mu 1950, kusuta wapha anthu miliyoni 62 - kuposa anaphedwa pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Iwo imatsimikizirika kuti fodya ndi 6% ambiri amene amafa, ndi za 3% ya matenda onse. Komanso, manambala chisoni ndi kukula tsiku lililonse, ndipo pofika mu 2020 ali muno ndi 12% ya imfa padziko lonse.

Kodi ntchito chikonga

Chikonga - ndi neurotoxin amphamvu kwambiri amene ali mavuto aakulu pa tizilombo. Choncho, musanagulitse mwakhama ntchito ngati tizilombo ndi. Lero, ndi chimodzimodzi kumapeto ntchito chikonga otumphukira, monga Imidacloprid, Imidacloprid. The American Heart Association anapeza kuti ubale wa fodya lero akhoza chimodzi cha mabvuto kwambiri chifukwa n'kovuta kuchotsa. Ine ndikudabwa zomwe anthu amaganiza za tizilombo, atamva kuti anthu mofunitsitsa kudya ululu woterewu umene iwo amavutitsidwa?

The ntchito chikonga

dera onse sayansi, popanda yekha, amanena kuti chikonga - ndi poizoni zoopsa ndi mankhwala. Komabe, palibe chinsinsi chimene ambiri zomera alkaloids, kuphatikizapo mankhwala ntchito ngati mankhwala. Choncho, mwina pali ntchito chikonga?

Today anamasulidwa zosiyanasiyana njira lakonzedwa kuti m'malo ndudu ndi chifukwa kusiya chikonga kwathunthu. Ena mwa iwo ndi yamawangamawanga, chingamu ndi zina zotero. njira zikuphatikizapo chikonga chomwecho ndudu, koma manambala ang'onoang'ono. Zingapo za limati ntchito pa njira kutsatira alkaloid imeneyi monga njira zochizira ndi kupewa matenda monga tcheru kuchepekedwa matenda, matenda a Alzheimer, nsungu zoster, matenda Parkinson ndipo anam'peza matenda matumbo. Choncho n'zotheka kuti posachedwapa fodya adzakhala phindu linalake. Ndipotu, monga mawu ukupita, zonse ndi poizoni ndi mankhwala, ndi mlingo ndi kudziwa chinthu.

ndudu pakompyuta

Tsopano kunakhala yapamwamba monga njira kuti kusuta ntchito otchedwa ndudu amagetsi. Iwo kuimira inhaler yaing'ono momwe madzi chikonga ndi usavutike ndi vaporized. Cholinga cha fodya ngati tichipeza, choyamba, mu ntchito chikonga Woyeretsedwa (mu madzi mawonekedwe sitimadzipereka), ndipo, kachiwiri, mu pang'onopang'ono fodya kutha. Phula ndudu angathe kukhala kunyumba, tichipeza zosakaniza zingapo, mmodzi amene ali otchedwa chikonga "kuluka" - moyikirapo njira ya thunthu. Ndi wothira flavoring ndi madzi. Chiphe ndende akhoza zosiyanasiyana ndi wosuta ndi angachititse pang'onopang'ono kwa madzi chifukwa fodya wopanda chikonga.

Ambiri adzati: "Kodi kusuta?" Mfundo yakuti kusuta - si amadalira fodya, komanso chizolowezi nokha ndi chinachake kutenga. Choncho, anthu amene sangathe kutaya zinthu izi monga choncho mungachite pang'onopang'ono, m'malo ndi ndudu yosavuta amagetsi.

Pomaliza

Choncho, taona kamodzinso kuti kusuta kumayambitsa mavuto mpaka kalekale. Koma kuwonjezera chikonga mu ndudu pali zambiri zinthu zoipa. Choncho ndi bwino kuphunzira mmene angakondweretsere nokha ndi zinthu zina zimadalira chinachake zosangalatsa kwambiri, monga chikondi, monga nyimbo "Kale chikonga." Tikufuna inu thanzi labwino!