Chinese aster (callistephus): kufotokoza, kulima ndi kusamalira

Garden aster ndi lodziwika bwino kwa anthu kuyambira nthawi yakale. Pa nthawiyi, iye chidwi ndi kukongola ndi okhala Greece ndi China, ndipo Korea, ndi Mongolia. Mayiko amenewa ali kunyumba kwa maluwa.

Lero, zomera akhoza kupezeka m'mapaki m'tauni, pa msewu duwa-mabedi ndi m'minda. Astra amakondedwa osati chifukwa cha kukongola, komanso nthawi ya maluwa. Makamaka amasangalala ndi mitundu yake mu kugwa, pamene thambo zambiri overcast ndi imvi masiku kukhala yaitali.

History asters

Chinese aster ali kwambiri mafani padziko lonse. Mu Greek dzina amatanthauza "nyenyezi", umene nthano zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Agiriki akale ankakhulupirira kuti ndi misozi kwa Virgin danga kusanduka fumbi komwe maluwa okongola unakula. Popeza kuwundana uyu wakhala kugwirizana ndi mulungu wa chikondi Aphrodite, ndi duwa wakhala chizindikiro chawo.

Iwo amaganiza kuti ngati usiku mbakaimirisa pakati asters, mungathe kumva iwo akulankhula mwakachetechete ndi nyenyezi.

Mu China, kuyambira m'masiku a wakale China aster likuimira chosalimba kukongola, kukongola ndi kudzichepetsa. mitundu yambiri European, wakhala chizindikiro cha chisoni kwa Paradaiso Wotayika Choncho, amati ndi mpukutu wa nyenyezi lakutari ndipo sizingatheke.

Ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti masamba aster, nautaya kumoto, akhoza kuyendetsa kutali njoka, koma ambiri a maluwa m'dzinja anauka, monga kwambiri omveka ndi wokongola zomera, maluwa mu nthawi ino.

Kufotokozera za zomera

Chinese aster ali ndi dongosolo yaikulu kwambiri mizu ndi kumanga zobiriwira kapena zimayambira utoto. Pa msinkhu wa masentimita 20 cm 90, akhoza mphukira onse molunjika ndi nthambi. Masamba taphunzira, chowulungika, serrated wobiriwira.

Inflorescence ndi tubular kapena mtanga wa bango pamakhala Terry osiyana. Aliyense maluwa pakati, chikasu, pamene mbali akunja akhoza kukhala pinki, wofiirira, burgundy, woyera, magenta kapena violet mtundu.

Maluwa akuyamba mu July nakhalabe mpaka chisanu. Kwa tsiku, Chinese aster kuthengo si monga wokongola ngati mitundu hybrid, amene amasiyana kukula ndi mtundu, ndi maluwa nthawi.

Ngati mwaika mu munda, ndi bwino kusankha malo lotseguka kwa dzuwa, ndi chinyezi zolimbitsa nthaka ndi mpweya.

Mitundu

Pali pa 4,000 zosiyanasiyana asters, amene anawagawa mitundu 40. Pakati pa zosiyanasiyana zimenezi China aster waima. Dzina monga osiyana mitundu pansi pa dzina callistephus, omwe anamasuliridwa kuchokera Greek momwe "maluwa okongola." The mitundu wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo ndi:

• "Chinjoka" - zino, wakuti amene ali ndi maluŵa. The inflorescence iwo linapendekeka kwa pakati, ndi maonekedwe akunja ndi zitamangiriridwa. Ndi awiri a 10-12 masentimita zikuwoneka chidwi kwambiri. Zomera limakula mkulu "mzati" 8-10 amphamvu zimayambira. Maluwa yaitali anasunga mukakolola.
• Mu mutu wakuti "balun" lalikulu, masentimita mpaka 13 m'mimba mwake, globular maluwa ndi pamakhala ambiri. mawonekedwe awo conical chindiletsa mathithi madzi pakati, amene kumathandiza kuwonongeka. Chitsamba limakula 6-8 mapesi.
• Series "Mfumukazi" ukufanizidwa ndi maina wamkazi, monga Veronica, Hilda, Alexander ndi ena. Iwo yodziwika ndi chachikulu (12 cm) theka-awiri maluwa ndi pamakhala litapotanitsidwa mu chubu woonda. Mu chitsamba 10-12 mphukira.
• "Pompons" zino ali wamng'ono (5 cm) maluwa, koma zochuluka pogona chitsamba. Nthawi zambiri pali mtundu awiri.

Izi zosiyanasiyana asters pachaka Ambiri pa mabedi mu wamaluwa chifukwa cha kukongola ndi kuphweka.

kukula asters

Callistephus Chinese zingafesedwe mwachindunji mu munda, pamene unakhazikitsidwa kale yozizira koopsa, kapena m'chaka, anaphimba chitetezo akuwombera filimu. Kunyumba, iwo zingafesedwe mbande. Mbewu za zomera ndi wochepa ndi kuwala imene chimachititsa kuti 1 g zidutswa 450-500. Kugula mbewu, ayenera kulabadira tsiku lothera, monga kumera wa asters mu zaka 2.

Posankha maluwa munda, muyenera kuganizira pasadakhale za malo. Asters amakonda mbali ndi mnyontho pafupifupi kwa nthaka ndi mpweya dzuwa, ngakhale akhale bwino kulekerera mthunzi tsankho. Nthaka yabwino mitundu awa - chonde ndi ndale kapena pang'ono zamchere acidity.

Ndipo kutatsala masiku ochepa mbande kubzala ayenera manyowa nthaka ndi humus ndi nkhuni phulusa. Mitundu waukulu kusunga mtunda pakati pa tchire kuti 30 cm, chifukwa sredneroslye - 20 cm, chifukwa mokwanira ang'onoang'ono 10 cm.

Kusamalira aster

Ngakhale ambiri a Chinese aster chabe, kuti zobiriwira zitsamba yokongola ayenera pamper ake pang'ono.

• Mu kouma, ayenera zochuluka madzi, kupewa stagnation madzi.

• Mavalidwe loyamba linali feteleza zovuta, ayenera idzachitika masabata 2 mutabzala, ndi proviso kuti mbewu Anapitirizabe.
• Anasintha kudya imachitika mu nthawi ya budding ndi maluwa. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza zokhudza kuwala kwa mtundu ndi zomera kukula.
• Wamtali ndi zobiriwira tchire ayenera umangidwa.

Izi zofuna zonse Chinese aster. Kukula sayambitsa vuto, koma mukhoza kupeza bedi la okongola ndi yowala "nyenyezi", maluwa mpaka chisanu.

kubalana

Mtundu wa maluwa wachulukitsa yekha ndi mbewu. Fesani kungakhale kunyumba miphika kapena kutentha ndi kutchire.

Atamaliza kufesa ayenera owazidwa wosweka youma manyowa, zimene kutsanulira mbewu ndi kuphimba ndi zojambulazo. Iwo akubwera pa wachisanu ndi tsiku lakhumi, koma mpaka masamba woyamba, m'pofunika kusunga kutentha kwa madigiri 20. Pambuyo kuti ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 15, kuti zomera bwino anayamba.

Kumuika mbande pansi lotseguka kuti mu June, pamene kutentha unakhazikitsidwa kale, ndiye maluwa adzakhala pachimake kumapeto July kapena August ndi adzakangamira mpaka mapeto a October. Ngati muchita izo, inu muyenera kukhala okonzeka chifukwa chakuti nthawi maluwa iye yafupika.

matenda

The matenda ambiri amene akhoza poyera asters - ndi Fusarium. Zizindikiro zimachitika zomera pa mapangidwe Mphukira kapena pachimake. njira kwakukulu kulimbana matenda a mafangasi palibe, koma mukhoza kupewa icho pa kutenga nambala ya zodzitetezera.

• Choyamba, maluwa awa sungazimitsidwe pa malo omwewo kale kuposa zaka 5 kum'dula pakamwa.
• Kachiwiri, pamene akukonzekera nthaka sagwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano kapena manyowa, m'malo iwo ndi humus.
• Kachitatu, ndi bwino pamaso kubzala mbewu kuchitira njira antifungal.

• Chachinayi, saika zomera pafupi wina ndi mnzake kuti iwo akhoza bwino mpweya wokwanira.
• Chachisanu, onetsetsani kuti madzi si stagnate mozungulira kolala mizu.

Ngati mbewu anali kudwala, m'pofunika yomweyo kuchotsa ndi kutentha. Kuwonjezera Fusarium, asters akhoza kukhala "amachitidwa" wa botrytis ndi powdery cinoni, amene adzapulumutsa ku kupopera njira fundazol.

nsikidzi

Waukulu tizirombo asters ndi:

• Bud aphid, amene akuukira chomera pa siteji mmera, ndi 3-4 wa tsamba loyamba okha. Iwo deforms masamba ndi momwe amapotoza iwo. Tizilombo kulamulira ndi kupopera hlorofosom, depisom kapena karbofosom pamaso duwa limawonekera zoposa 4 masamba.
• Fodya napusaki ndi slugs kupulumutsa kukonzekera mwapadera, monga "Kuthetheka" ndi metaldehyde.

Ngati inu agwire ntchito njira ndi kuonetsetsa kuti asters mopanda stagnation wa madzi m'nthaka, ndiye ena ndi maluwa zabwino m'munda. Iwo ali okongola, kuleza ukufalikira ndi wodzichepetsa.