Chiphunzitso cha biosphere kuti: magwero

Pafupifupi munthu aliyense ophunzira, kaya kapena khama lake anamva phokoso penapake zachinsinsi mawu "noosphere" mu dera chilichonse ntchito chikhalidwe. Amaona ngati zachilendo wapadera wa XX atumwi, monga zamoyo zinachita kusintha wakhala m'zaka za m'mbuyomo. Tiyeni yeseraninso kumvetsa izi poluzagadochnoy lingaliro la zooneka ndi chiphunzitso cha biosphere ndi noosphere, afanana ndi dzina ya cholowa sayansi ndi nzeru zaumunthu a Vernadsky.

Choyamba, ife tikudziwa ndendende chaka cha kubadwa kwake ndi wolemba ake mwachindunji.

Back mu 1875, mawu akuti "biosphere" anali koyamba mu sayansi yamakonoyi Austria miyala ndi nthaka Eduard Zyuss. Koma iye sanali chimatanthauza zosiyana, amakhala anasankha Kudziwa ake sayansi motalika kokwanira mawu "biosphere" linagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba gulu lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito monga sayansi mu mpanda wa College de France - Paris yotchuka bungwe maphunziro, wotchuka chifukwa mlingo highbrow ya chiphunzitso, nkhani mu 1927. Mlembi akuti anali katswiri wamasamu Eduard Lerua. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Co-Mlembi ndi maganizo noosphere wakhala anazindikira ndi gulu la Le Roy - Per Teyyar de A Chardin. Komabe, asayansi awa awiri mwachindunji kutumiza omvera awo ndi owerenga biosphere ndi munthu Russian wasayansi Vladimir Vernadsky, amene anapereka nkhani yake pa Sorbonne.

Vladimir Ivanovich, kuyesa chiphunzitso cha biosphere anapitiriza mawunikidwe wake pamaziko a njira biogeochemical kwa izo. Popeza 30s zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi maganizo noosphere wabwerera mphamvu zonse ziyenda bwino maganizo a sayansi ya.

Koma kumbuyo pa nthawi kunachokera, ku Le Roy ndi Teilhard de A Chardin. ndicho maganizo awo? Zikamera wa mitundu anthu pa nkhani mawonekedwe akwera zikutanthauza mukuganiza kuti zinthu atuluka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina, Oyeretsedwa katundu maganizo. Asayansi amanena kuti zinthu walenga mawonekedwe anthu njira yatsopano ya chitukuko cha zawo - ndi luso lapadera wauzimu ndi zamatsenga, chotero choyamba mu chikhalidwe kulibe konse. Chardin mwini kumatanthauza ndi chosiyana katundu wa zodabwitsazi - munthu: pamaso pa nzeru Kuganizira kuzindikira tokha ndi kulowa mphamvu, kotero kuti kudziwa yekha, koma mwakuya kusewera zonse mitundu ya moyo.

Mu ntchito ina, "Malo a munthu mu chikhalidwe," iye ayankhe funso chiyambi ndi moyo ndi chofunikira ake, kuika anthu osiyanasiyana ambiri mwa ndondomeko dziko zovuta za nkhaniyi.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti achinyamata Vladimir, adakali wophunzira yunivesite analemba zolemba zake lingaliro yodabwitsa, chifukwa mu chiphunzitso cha biosphere vutolo aumunthu. Makamaka, iye anati mbiri ya dziko lapansi mu kufufuza mapulaneti akhoza kulembedwa ngati mbiri ya kusintha kwa zinthu. Pankhaniyi, onse kusintha sanalembedwepo zokha ndi mosintha, koma zochokera chitsanzo momveka bwino mlingo wa konsekonse.

Mu ndemanga iyi, wolemba za chiphunzitso cha biosphere amatsogolera kunena kuti pamene mukuona kuti nkhaniyo ndi "akufa", ndithu akufa, koma "dozhiznenna" moyo mmenemo ndi potentiality. zodabwitsazi Vernadsky otchedwa hominization, mtundu wa mapulaneti kusanduka kulumpha pa mlingo dziko, monga ayambe (vitalization) kanthu. Mwachidule, chiphunzitso cha biosphere ndi poona maonekedwe a munthu, ngakhale kwambiri kapena zochepa, mfundo zambiri, ndi analamula qualitatively latsopano biosphere yokha, kenako ake ndi wonse dziko ndondomeko. Zosonyeza mu njira iyi ndi ndondomeko zinachokera moyo, munthu Komabe, choyambirira lonse. Pamaziko a nkhani yolembedwa ichi, ndiAmene ndi otsatira ziphunzitso za noosphere amakhala ndikukhulupirira munthu si limodzi nthumwi mitundu, osati "korona" mwa umunthu, koma nthumwi za mgwirizano watsopano wa chowonadi, amene poyerekezera biosphere zimene ngati woima latsopano "dera".

Gomizatsiya ndi njira imene latsopano ndi kusinthika misonkhano, pang'onopang'ono kukwera pamwamba pa biosphere nyama.

Inali nthawi yake anthu dera, yodziwika ndi katundu wa kusinkhasinkha, luso la munthu kusankha ufulu ndi ozindikira ndipo zilandiridwenso. Ichi ndi gawo la kuganiza - ndi noosphere. Ndiko kuti, kayendedwe ka lingaliro Vernadsky, tikuona chikhumbo kugonjera chiphunzitso cha biosphere monga kuphunzira kuyambirira ndi chiphunzitso cha zachilengedwe dongosolo apamwamba - chiphunzitso noosphere.