Chitoliro thunthu payipi gasi

Today n'kovuta kuyerekeza dziko ndi miyoyo yawo popanda zomwe a sayansi. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kupambana chachikulu ndi chitukuko cha mfundo. Koma tangoganizirani moyo wanu popanda zipangizo mafakitale! Pamoyo, onse amasangalala chifukwa cha chitukuko: madzi, magetsi, gasi, kutentha - ndipo simungathe kulingalira moyo wofewa popanda iwo. Kuti apulumutse madzi ndi mpweya, madzi ndi mpweya mapaipi mukumangidwa kutumikira monga galimoto.

Pamene ogwiritsa omanga ntchito mipope mpweya mains. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti iwo ali mbali ya moyo wathu ndipo zatenga udindo wofunika ngati otsika mtengo njira yoperekera zakumwa ndi mpweya.

Kodi chitoliro?

Pa nthawi, palibe yankho limodzi la funso limeneli. Ambiri tinganene kuti chitoliro - ndi nkhani kupanga dzenje mbiri, amene ntchito zoyendera wa mafuta, zakumwa zosiyanasiyana, kutchinjiriza, zolimba.

gulu la mipope

mipope kosatayana kuti adagulung'undisa (otentha ndi ozizira anagubuduza), mbamuikha (m'mimba mwake 820 mm) ndi kuponya (chitsulo ndi zitsulo, m'mimba mwake 900 mm).

Pa gawo mbiri kusiyanitsa akalumikidzidwa, kuzungulira:

• Square.

• anayi.

• chowulungika.

• gawo.

• Ribbed.

• teardrop woboola pakati.

• six-, three- ndi octagonal.

kusiyana ndi chigawo kotenga:

• Tapered.

• analowa ndi malekezero kukhumudwa.

Izi si mndandanda wonse wa machubu kuti amasiyana ndege kotenga. Mu gulu osiyana ndi bimetallic, trimetallic, wopangidwa mwa zigawo zingapo zitsulo, amene ogwirizana pamodzi ndi kuwotcherera, kusakaniza kapena kubzala.

Ntchito mipope kosatayana

Pamaziko a atasankhidwa zilipo kuti:

• mafuta ndi gasi makampani;

• Ntchito yomanga;

• piping;

• Mawotchi Engineering;

• ziwiya ndi akasinja.

Mapaipi mafuta ndi gasi makampani anapanga mpweya ndi aloyi steels. Kubowola chitoliro ntchito pobowola bwino ndi nzeru ntchito. Casings ntchito pofuna kuteteza makoma mpweya, mafuta bwino dzimbiri ingress olekanitsa madzimadzi Chrixitu ndi mpweya malo. Mapaipi mapaipi ntchito yobereka mafuta, mafuta, madzi, zidulo. Yamachubu ntchito pobowola zitsime ntchito pamene yopanga mafuta chikuchitika, ndipo yamazinga kugwirizana. machubu kukatentha ntchito boilers machenjerero zosiyanasiyana. chitoliro waukulu amapangidwa malinga ndi GOST 3262-75 ndipo welded. Chitoliro kumanga malinga GOST 800-78, 8642-68 ntchito kupanga m'madera osiyanasiyana makina mu ndege zomangamanga, kwa thalakitala. Mipope akulimbana, malinga ndi GOST 550-75, zopangidwa ndi zitsulo 10, 20, K5M, K5 12MH ndi ena ndi ntchito kutulutsa mafuta kuthamanga.

chitoliro Njovu

Mbali yaikulu ya m'mimba mwake n'zotsimikizira chitoliro waukulu, popeza ntchito ogwiritsa nyumba osiyanasiyana mu nyumba, chifukwa yonyamula mafuta, mafuta, malasha, mafuta, gasi ndi madzi.

Njovu zitsulo chitoliro ndi mwauzimu-welded chopangidwa, m'mimba 529-2560 mamilimita ndi khoma makulidwe a 8-25 mm. Mapaipi mains gasi anapangidwa ntchito mu mapangidwe zikuwononga, pa kuthamanga okwera ndi mavuto nyengo. Choncho, malo a m'madera zikuluzikulu za mafuta ndi gasi mu North Russia a inafunika yomanga mapaipi wamphamvu thunthu ili pamtunda.

Zovuta nyengo amalowerera zofuna kwambiri okwera pa khalidwe la mipope ndi katundu wawo ntchito - mphamvu ndi plasticity makhalidwe. Nthawi zina gasi chitoliro thunthu ali ❖ kuyanika lapadera: gulu, nthaka, bituminous.

Association National wa dzimbiri Akatswiri (NACE) walenga muyezo umene nthawi mayeso ndi malangizo zipangizo kuti ndi kugonjetsedwa kunyowetsa mapangidwe sulfide wa hydrogen. I ingatithandize kuzindikira woyenerera wa nkhaniyo, nthawi bwino ndipo pakhomo voteji.

Zakuthupi chubu, amene ntchito zinthu woopsa nyengo, n'kofunika kuchepa kwa kutentha pa zomwe brittleness wa zitsulo kumachitika, kuwongolera katundu viscous, amene anatsimikiza pa toyesa ndi ang'ambe thupilo zozungulira ndi kutentha osachepera -60 ° C ndi pa zitsanzo wotsikitsitsa n'zotheka ndi mphako lakuthwa kutentha opaleshoni -20 ° C. N'chifukwa chake n'kofunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mipope zazikulu GOST kapena Lachiwiri.

Msana chubu: Standard ndi zofunika

Kusiyanitsa chitoliro zikuluzikulu:

1. Njira ya kuwotcherera:

• fundo kuwotcherera.

• Arc kuwotcherera.

2. Mtundu wa china chotulutsa:

• mwauzimu.

• longitudinally welded.

3. Cholinga:

• mapaipi mapaipi chachikulu.

• mapaipi mains mpweya.

• mapaipi mapaipi thunthu ndi zipangizo zina.

4. awiri:

• mapaipi a m'mimba mwake lalikulu.

• mapaipi a awiri ang'onoang'ono.

Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti Arc kuwotcherera - njira chonse, ndi kukhudzana mtundu wa kuwotcherera ntchito okha chitoliro waukulu ndi awiri wamng'ono. Chitoliro mafuta payipi machitidwe a m'mimba mwake waukulu tortsovannoy, ndi burrs achotsedwa. Ngati chitoliro si tortsovannaya, burrs si kuchotsedwa mu fakitale.

GOST 20295-85 - ndicho zolimbana chikalata pa mipope chachikulu.

Chitoliro thunthu: kuyeza

Monga akusowekapo kwa yopanga zitsulo chitoliro msana Mzere zitsulo ntchito, ulusi umene protrude kwambiri alloyed mpweya (chete, theka zindiphe) zitsulo ndi otsika aloyi zitsulo otentha kugudubuzika.

Steels ntchito yopanga chitoliro chachikulu:

• 10;
• 20;
• 09GSF;
• 10G2FBYU.

Chitoliro msana electrically GOST 20295-85, Lachiwiri 14-3-1573-96:

Monga mmene taonera, chitoliro chachikulu ntchito mu zinthu zovuta Geological ndi nyengo, mapangidwe zikuwononga ndipo chopangidwa monga GOST ndi Lachiwiri, assortment lalikulu yekha analimbitsa mwa yaikulu chitoliro zitsulo kugudubuzika.