City Aktobe (Kazakhstan): history, utsogoleri dongosolo, zokopa. zomangamanga mzindawo

Mu March 1999, Kazakhstan ndi mapu dziko, mzinda watsopano wa Aktobe, kuposa zaka zana akale Aktobe. The etymology dzina zachokera osakaniza mawu "AA" ndi "chubu", kutanthauza m'zinenero Turkic "woyera" ndi "phiri", motero. Poyamba, kunali kotheka kukumana ndi chotero dzina Belovershinsk. Mtundu phiri kupereka miyala choko yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda pamwamba, kumene khama la kukokoloka adzitsitsa wosanjikiza dothi. Mawu "AK 'angamasuliridwe kuti" oyera mwauzimu, "" wosalakwa, "" wosadetsedwa ", amene amapereka dzina la mzindawo ndi yosiyana otchuka nzeru.

Location

mzinda Aktobe anakhazikitsidwa kumanzere banki ya mwachilungamo lalikulu (yaitali kuposa 600 km) tributary wa Urals wa - mtsinje Ilek - m'dera la confluence a Mtsinje Kargaly, koma view amayamba anakonza yomanga "analowa" pa mtsinje ndipo anayamba adziwe banki bwino. Izi ziri pakati pa Subural Plateau kumpoto chakumadzulo Kazakhstan, pafupi ndi malire ndi Russia. Kumvetsetsa momwe mzinda wa Aktobe, itanani malo poyerekeza ndi midzi yapafupi lalikulu ndi zinthu. Ndi pafupifupi 230 Km from Orenburg, 500 Km from Ufa, 430 Km from Ural'sk ndi 550 Km from gombe yapafupi kwa Nyanja ya Caspian. Kulowa mu Aktobe akhoza kukhala a mtundu uliwonse zoyendera - mpweya, njanji, msewu. Kupyola mu mzinda pochitika la feduro msewu M32 (mtsogolo A300) wopita ku Samara ndi Orenburg m'madera pa msewu A24 ndi A27 Martuk Atyrau. Ndiponso, kudzera Aktobe kunapangitsa misewu ikuluikulu "Europe - Western China" wotchedwa "Masiku silika Road".

Mzindawu uli waukulu ano yakumadzulo siteshoni / sitima, ndi za 4 kuchokera kum'mwera kwa malo ndi latsopano ndege padziko lonse.

A mwachidule mbiri

City Aktobe (Kazakhstan) kamodzi a Russian Ufumu. Izo zidakula mwa kulimbitsa lankhondo la dera limeneli limatchedwa-chubu, anakhazikitsa kuno mu 1869 ndi makampani awiri oyenda ndi zana Cossacks, analamula Chiwerengero, amene anali pamalo a wachiŵiri-msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja, Von Borg. Asanabwere kwa wongosamukasamuka asilikali moyo kuno, makamaka zikugwira kuswana ng'ombe. Siyense amene anali okondwa za alendo. Choncho, detachment analamula Bekbauov, anayesetsa kutsogolera ntchito ya usilikali pa iwo, koma atagonjetsedwa loyamba la Cossacks anagonja. Mozungulira asilikali linga pang'onopang'ono anakakhala anthu. Ndi 1891 ndi kuthetsa anakula kumlingo amene analandira udindo wa muluwani Aktobe. Linapangitsa kuti chitukuko bwino njanji, amene anaonekera apa mu 1902, ndipo amagwirizana ndi mudzi wa Tashkent ndi Orenburg. Chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi zinachititsa kuti zikamera a kalasi chosintha okonda ntchito. Kale mu 1905, chipani cha RSDLP linaliri. Pambuyo ulimi Aktyubinsk kangapo wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja ndi dzanja la Bolsheviks ndi azungu kumbuyo, mpaka potsiriza, September 2, 1919 khama la Red Army ndi mpweya thandizo la zaka mumzinda potsiriza anakhazikitsa mphamvu Soviet. Choyamba Aktyubinsk a Chikigizi Republic, koma mu 1936, pamene m'dera la RSFSR anapanga ndi Chikazaki Soviet Socialist Republic, anagwirizana kapangidwe kake. Mu 1990, Kazakhstan anakhala boma palokha, ndipo patapita zaka 9 Aktyubinsk anapatsidwa dzina latsopano - mzinda wa Aktobe. Chifukwa iye sanali ndi moyo wautali kwambiri chinachitika kwambiri zabwino ndi zoipa. Mu zaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa Soviet Union, pamene boma wamng'ono mukuponderezedwa kuchokera kumbali zonse, ndi pa mapazi ake kunali kovuta kwambiri, Aktobe anakumana njala (1919-1922 gg.) - pa nthawi ino, malinga ndi kafukufuku boma wamwalira za 1000 anthu. zolakwa lotsatira zachuma ndi ndale anali ndi njala chachiwiri (1932-1933 gg.), Amene ankanena miyoyo pafupifupi 4500 anthu. Zamgululi mu zaka zoopsa laling'ono kwambiri moti anthu anali kudya makungwa ndi dongo, pakhala milandu (zalembedwa, ndi njira), ndipo kwa wina ndi mzake. Ngakhale zoopsa izi, mzinda kumanga nyumba, osauka madzi ndi magetsi ikuchitika malo. Ndipo chirichonse chokha anali kusintha, nkhondo inayambika. Mu Aktobe anasamutsidwa za mafakitale dazeni mu Moscow, Zaporozhye ndi Dnepropetrovsk. Nkhondo itatha anayamba kukula mofulumira chuma Aktobe, zikuluzikulu nyumba zomangamanga yowonjezera zomangamanga mumzindawo. Pafupifupi onse anayamba pamene zinthu zili ukugwirira ntchito tsopano.

amazilamulira

Kazakhstan akuluakulu ndi Akimat, amene amalowerera nkhani ya boma ndipo zimadalira pa mphamvu wamkulu, ndi maslikhat - ulamuliro chisankho, kusonyeza chifuniro cha anthu. Maguluwo kusankhidwa lililonse anthu maslihat wa m'mudzi, limene limakhudza. Akimat (mzinda makonzedwe) Akims kupangidwa, ndipo matabwa ake maslihat ananenera. Anthu ogwira ntchito zaboma Amakhala akuluakulu, mamembala a mabungwe osiyanasiyana, nyumba chuma, ntchito yosamalira ndodo amakampani ndi mabungwe. Akims lalikulu mayunitsi Kupititsa (likulu zigawo) akusankhidwa ndi mutsogoleli wadziko. Akim wa Aktobe wosankhidwa anapatsidwa wamkulu Akim a dera Aktobe. Choyamba ku mtengo unachitikira mu Aktobe Sagindykov E., Doctor wa Economics, munthu amene agwira. Asanakhale mutu wa utsogoleli mzinda, E. Sagandykov ntchito mphunzitsi maphunziro thupi kusukuluyi, ntchito mbuye kusukulu oyamba, ndipo nauka udindo utsogoleri m'munda wa maphunziro awo oyamba. Pamaso anagwira ntchito Party Regional Komiti ya Kazakhstan, ndipo ankagwira ntchito wachiwiri Nduna ya Maphunziro ndi mlangizi mu Bungwe la Supreme. Akim wa Aktobe E. Sagandykov ntchito mpaka 2004, mpaka anaikidwa mutu wa makonzedwe a m'madera Aktobe. Today Akim wa Aktobe - Bekbol Sagyn, wachilamulo ndi ntchito, ndi Bachala. Izi ofesi mkulu anaikidwa mu 2015. Akimat nyumbayi inali mu Njira chapakati dzina lake Abilkayyr Khan (poyamba Lenin Avenue).

The gawo lakale la mzindawo

Pali kugawa mwamwayi pawiri pafupifupi wofanana Aktobe - Old Town, ili pa otsetsereka a dera limeneli limatchedwa-chubu, ndi Chatsopano, likulu la ndilo lalikulu mzinda Njira dzina lake Abilkayyr Khan. Mu gawo lakale la tawuni yakumadzulo / siteshoni. Ndipo madera ndi mayina: Moscow, Tatarka (Chitata Pamudzi) Kurmysh, Otorvanovka, Baby, Gormolzavod. Iwo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi m'nyumba ndi nyumba pansi limodzi. Mozungulira Otorvanovka anaonekera oyamba, mmbuyo mu 1887. Iye anayamba kumanga ochokera m'chigawo Astrakhan. Kurmysh No zochepa akale ndi dzina lake pambuyo wosula Kurmysa, amene anakhalapo kuno kamodzi. dziko lomwe lili, akhoza anasefukira pa madzi mkulu amatsanulira mitsinje Kargady ndi Ilek. m'malire Kurmysh ndi fairs ndi misika "Shygys". District Moscow ndi conveniently unali pafupi ndi njanji, ndipo pafupi ndi okhala Bolshak, amene ankaona zingamuthandize mawu a chitukuko. zomangamanga Aktobe mzinda ndi yakuti iwo ali mwamtendere azikhala ndi ngakhale kulenga ena Akasakaniza mogwirizana nyumba zosanja zitalizitali latsopano ndi nyumba zakale. M'chigawo chapakati cha Komabe, pali zambiri. , Mungapeze kusankha malo odyera "Shahrezada" ili sukulu ya atsikana kale, anamanga mu 1894, ndi filimu zisudzo, "sitima", wakale kamodzi Nyumba ya Culture antchito njanji (inamangidwa mu 1928).

The gawo latsopano la mzindawo

Mosakayikira, ambiri okongola ndi chidwi mzinda watsopano wa Aktobe. Photo analanda imodzi mwa mabwalo mzikiti mu magetsi madzulo. The gawo latsopano imakhala m'madera: Shanghai, Ken Dala zitaganya (liwerengedwa), ndipo Sazdy Bolshak. Zitaganya ili m'mphepete mwa njira yolowera chapakati ndi kwenikweni amamanga nyumba mkulu-nyamuka, apanga zopezera masitolo, mabanki, mahotela omasuka, kupereka ntchito pamlingo wadziko lonse, zomangamanga zina. Pa Njira chapakati zili nyumba boma kugula likulu, bwalo mabanki, mizikiti awiri, mabungwe a maphunziro apamwamba.

M'dera lakutali ku New Town - Shanghai. Iye amanga ambiri osakwatiwa-storey nyumba.

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, mu Aktobe ndi mosalekeza enviable, madera atsopano. Only kwa posachedwapa anapanga mayunitsi awo 30.

zomangamanga

mzinda Aktobe, amene anthu ali pafupifupi 400,000 anthu, ndi mzinda waukulu umene pali ambiri mafakitale ndi maofesi ogwira ntchito payekha. Pakati pawo rentgenoapparatury zomera, ferro-kasakaniza wazitsulo, makina zomangamanga (manufactures zipangizo zaulimi), distilleries, makampani processing chakudya, kuwala ndi mankhwala mafakitale. Zinthu chikhalidwe Aktobe anapereka cinemas, planetarium, malaibulale, amene 18 mayunitsi, zakale masewera. Mzindawu uli Akhtanov Drama Theatre, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1935, bwaloli "Alakai" zidole, dera philharmonic anthu. Education amapereka 6 apamwamba, kuphatikizapo University State iwo. Zhubanov Medical University Ospanov. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mu Aktobe maphunziro apamwamba anali 20,5% ya anthu. Umoyo wa nzika ndodo zotsatirazi zipatala 29 zipatala outpatient 100 ndi polyclinics. Mu Aktobe kulabadira chachikulu masewera. The m'dera mpira wamiyendo dzina la mzinda, osati anapambana dera, azigawo ndi makonsolo machesi mpira, anakhala ngwazi ya dziko. Nthawi zambiri, Aktobe ankaona kwambiri "mpira" tauni Kazakhstan. Maofesi a masewera pano ndi mabwalo ochepa, makhoti tennis, dziwe losambira, ayezi rink, olimba zibonga. Mu Aktobe bwino olemera mabasi ndi magalimoto, basi ndi yoyenda agonjera komanso matakisi. Trolleybuses ndi trams mulibe muno.

nyengo

Woyendera nthambi pa Africa la Europe ndi ku Asia, kumene Aktobe, amakhala ndi mtundu kwambiri chokhala ndi nyengo. Izi zikutanthauza yotentha, yozizira, kusiyana usana ndi usiku kutentha, mpweya wambiri wa poizoni dzuwa ndi mvula otsika. Za komwe Aktobe ndi - mu Asia kapena Europe, palibe vutoli. Ngati malire a imatengedwa Ural dongosolo phiri Asia, ngati mwachita m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian (monga geographers ambiri) - mu Europe. Kaya, Aktobe chilimwe kutentha angafikire madigiri 30 ndipo pamwamba, m'nyengo yozizira, iye ikagwa madigiri -20, koma anali zaka pamene mu January thermometer anasonyeza -48 ^C. chamvula ndi miyezi pafupifupi uniformly anagawira zambiri mvula, komanso youma kwambiri, nyengo. chiwerengero cha masiku dzuwa ndi mitambo komanso ali pafupi zofanana ndi chimachititsa ankalemekeza 174 ndi 148 masiku kuphatikiza masiku 43 ndi nyengo mitambo.

Hydro ndi magombe

Zodabwitsa zachilengedwe zokongola ndi mzinda wa Aktobe. Photo analanda imodzi mwa ngodya pabwalopo pafupi kasupe. Iwo zambiri moti tinakonza ndi akasupe tchuthi anapima kuti May 1. Aktobe chiwerengero cha matupi madzi angatchedwe mzinda osati za mfundo woyera, koma mitsinje buluu. Omangika pa kumanzere m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Ilek, iye anali kale pa banki yake. The mzinda Anaikongoletsanso Sazdy Mtsinje, kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo wazunguliridwa ndi madzi Zhinishke, kum'mwera - Tamdy adzauma m'chilimwe, ndi kumpoto - gerbil. Koma si onse. M'dera njerwa loyenda mtsinje Butakov kuti mezhuet Aktobe Akjar m'mudzi.

Kuwonjezera mitsinje, pafupi tawuni pali malo. Mmodzi wa yaikulu m'dera - Aktobe kuti Aktobe imene makilomita 10 basi. Kwambiri, 8 Km from mzinda, ili Sazdinskoe mosungiramo, wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa nzika. Ndipo chachitatu, yaikulu m'chigawo - Kargaly, koma kwa Aktobe lili makilomita oposa 60.

Zoterezi kuchuluka ka madzi ndi mpata wapadera kwa onse chilimwe ndi chisanu ena a m'tauni ya. Pa magombe a madamu anamanga ambiri malo alendo, pogwiritsa, wokonzeka magombe. The omasuka kwambiri - pa Sazdinskom mosungiramo, kumene kuwonjezera malo kusamba ndi playgrounds, chipinda billiard, khofi shopu, pali zambiri madzi zokopa. mbiri yabwino ndi gombe "Sayakhat", kumene onse kudzikondweretsa zokongola, pali ngakhale kasupe ndi nsomba.

Aktobe: zokopa

Popeza Aktobe aang'ono, iye alibe wolemera mu zinthu zakale ndi ofukula zinthu zakale. Pafupifupi kopita wotchuka kwambiri, ndi m'tauni ndi malo ankaona yaikulu zosangalatsa ndi kugula zovuta nthawi yomweyo "Nurdaulet", pomwe pali mazana a masitolo, pharmacies, malo omwera, zimakopa ana, osungira zinyama mini. Modziwika iye chakuti kwenikweni masitepe awiri ndi chimodzi mwa mizikiti chapakati umatchedwanso Nurdaulet. anthu Aktobe mzinda wa ambiri (73%) a Asilamu, ndipo si onse poyamba sakulabadira zosangalatsa zovuta pafupi ndi kachisi wa Ambuye, koma chifukwa cha miyambo yakale pafupi mizikiti nthawizonse zigwirizane m'misika, nzika pang'onopang'ono kuyamikilidwa adavomereza latsopano mapulani ntchito. Komanso Nurdaulet, mzinda ali Nur Gasyr mzikiti - wokongola kwambiri, ili pa Njira yaikulu. nyumba yake ndi Museum nkhani zachipembedzo Muslim "Rukhaniyat" muli makope wapadera mabuku akale ndi zinthu, wopatulika kwa Asilamu.

Mu Aktobe kumeneko ndi mipingo Orthodox komanso kuchititsa nkhawa zomangamanga. Mwa iwo akuima kunja golide-ozungulira Cathedral wa St. Nicholas.

Anthu chidwi ndi mbiri ya mzinda wa Aktobe, muyenera kuyang'ana mu Museum, akale lomwe - History Local. Iwo anayamba ntchito yake mu 1924 ndipo lili ambiri zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapadera.

Komanso, mbiri ya mzinda ndiwo manda ndipo zikumbutso, zimene Aktobe za zitatu khumi.

The zowoneka wa m'mudzi zikuphatikizapo m'mapaki wokongola, boulevards, akasupe, planetarium, amene kalekale okha Kazakhstan.

Zikayenda ndi Mavuto

Aktobe pa chiwerengero cha anthu ndi malo 5 mu Kazakhstan. Chizindikiro cha mzindawo ndi tulip. Aktobe odula manja ali ndi mawonekedwe zozungulira, kutanthauza "zoyenda mpaka kalekale." Mu mmunsi lili dzina la mudziwo anapanga ndi woyera, kufanizira ungwiro ndi chiyero. Blue maziko zikutanthauza Sipadzakhalanso kayendedwe ka madzi, dongosolo chikasu, zobiriwira ndi wofiira - dzuwa, chikhalidwe ndi tulips. Likulu chizindikiro aikidwa Griffin, imene heraldry wakhala chizindikiro cha mphamvu, see, tcheru ndi mphamvu.

Aktobe - mzinda munkapezeka. Koposa zonse, pali amakhala Kazakhs (73%) ndi Russian (20%). Kupatula izi, pali Ukrainians, Germany, Bashkirs, Chitata, Korea, Moldavians, Bulgarians, Chechens, ku Armenia ndi mayiko ena.

zizindikiro Economic Aktobe wagwira molimba udindo 6 m'dziko. kukula makampani ndi chitukuko ndi inextricably zogwirizana. Motero, malingana ndi kuwerengera, malipiro ambiri Aktobe zimasiyanasiyana pakati madola 500-600, chomwe ndi chifukwa kwambiri.

Aktobintsy otchuka osati chifukwa cha kuphunzira wake ntchito, komanso zipambano m'munda wa chikhalidwe. mzinda wotchuka nyimbo chikondwerero "kuuma mphepo", chomwe chimayimira ndi kalembedwe palokha nyimbo.

Mwatsoka, Aktobe ndipo si wopanda mavuto. The lalikulu la iwo - zachilengedwe. Kuyambitsa mabizinezi ake mafakitale, amene sipakhala khalidwe machitidwe ayeretsedwa ndi madzi ndi mpweya. ntchito zabweretsa chakuti m'madera ena kangapo kuposa malamulo a formaldehyde, asafe woipa ndi mankhwala ena. Komanso, mu mtsinje Ilek akatulutsidwa amawononga chaka boron ndi chromium. Kuthana ndi mavuto awa ndi kuonetsetsa kutukuka zina za mudzi, lililonse chaka anabzala ambiri mitengo, zikwi mitundu, ntchito yofuna Sinthani zomera zimbudzi chithandizo.