Classicism mabuku

Pofika kumapeto kwa X VIII m'ma mu chikhalidwe cha West limati European classicism anakhala wamphamvu luso azimuth. kalembedwe Izi amatanthauza cholowa cha Kale, cholanda kwa chitsanzo changwiro ndi muyezo. Classicism mu mabuku inextricably zogwirizana ndi ntchito za pa French ndakatulo Fransua Malerba. Poyambitsa kusintha kwa vesi ndi chinenero, uyamiko kwa Iye, mu mabuku n'kutsamira ena malamulo ndakatulo.

Classicism - kalembedwe zimene zinkachitika mu luso la X VIII-X Ine X zaka. Zotsatira zachokera maganizo a rationality, chopezera adzauka zolinga makhalidwe ndi amunamuna.

Classicism mabuku ukugawa Mitundu zopititsira mitundu iwiri: mkulu ndi otsika. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo ntchito, kuwauza za anthu otchuka ndi zochitika. Mitundu zikuphatikizapo ode, matsoka ndi amunamuna nyimbo. Monga atchulidwa pano ndi andale, ojambula odziwika bwino, zilembo zakale ndi mafumu - anthu amene akunena otchuka, chinenero wapadera. Low Mitundu pofotokoza moyo patokha bourgeoisie ndi, otchedwa Chachitatu Malo. Iwo anavomereza kuti Comedy, nthano, Zotengera ndi ntchito zina zinalembedwa kalembedwe chitachitika.

Classicism mabuku mu malo oyamba amaponya mtundu wanyimbo tsoka. Kuti lye ndiwokwanitsa kuvumbula zofunika kwambiri makhalidwe abwino. mikangano Social zikugwirizananso ndi maganizo a m'nkhaniyi, anakumana ndi kusankha pakati pa zofuna, zilakolako ndi ntchito za makhalidwe abwino. Chifukwa akutsutsidwa maganizo.

M'nthawi ya classicism ntchito za Jean La Fontaine, N. Boileau ndi Jean-Baptiste Mkulu wa Moliere kufika nthano, Zotengera ndi sewero lanthabwala. ntchito izi, kuthetsa zofunika ndi akatswiri makhalidwe mavuto a anthu masiku ano, apitirira Kukhala "wochepa" mtundu wanyimbo ndi kupeza kufunika ena kwambiri.

Mu m'badwo wa classicism izo analenga chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito prose. Ntchito B. Pascal, M. Lafayette, Jean La Bruyere ndipo alembi ena a nthawi ino ndi mtundu osiyana chilakolako, maganizo mawunikidwe, momveka ndi cholondola cha kalembedwe.

Classicism mabuku amasonyeza azimuth yaikulu ya ndakatulo m'tawuni. Ntchito yake, olemba anafuna kusonyeza kuti owerenga kufunika kuphedwa kwa anthu a udindo wawo kwa anthu onse, kufunika kuphunzitsa anthu-nzika.

Lembani mbali yaikulu ya classicism:

• zithunzi ndi mitundu otengedwa ntchito za luso lakalekale;
• gulu la anthu otchulidwa pa zabwino ndi zoipa;
• chiwembu cha ntchito chakale - chikondi makona;
• chipambane chomaliza cha zabwino ndi zoipa ndi kulangidwa;
• mfundo za unities atatu: malo ndi nthawi ya ntchito.

Pachikhalidwe, mogwirizana ndi ntchito tingachipeze powerenga za olemba a chiwembu anatenga zina chochitika mbiri. Waukulu mankhwala a ngwazi za - wamakhalidwe abwino, amene ali mlendo chibadwa iliyonse. ntchito chakale anali zinapatsira ndi maganizo a rationalism ndi kutumikira boma.

Mu Russia, mbali iyi koyamba akamagwiritsa ntchito za Lomonosov, kenako anayamba kupanga ntchito za A. Kantemir, V. Trediakovsky ndi aphunzitsi ena. Kulamulidwa mavuto zochokera mayiko ndi mbiri zochitika (A. Sumarokov, Nikolaev, J. Knyazhnin), ndipo awo kalembedwe panopa lyricism ndi "lipenga" anthu a m'nkhaniyi. zisudzo Main mwachindunji ndi molimba mtima kufotokoza maganizo mlembi. Tikhoza kunena kuti classicism mabuku Russian wakhala njira satirical kudzudzula pathos nzika.

Pambuyo kufalitsa nkhani V. Belinsky mu sayansi maphunziro ndi kutsutsa kwa maganizo ofooketsa kwa malangizowo. Only mu nyengo ya Soviet, zinali kubwerera kwa kalembedwe izi tanthauzo lake kale ndi kufunika.