Pakati gulu mbalame: mndandanda kulongosola. Forest ndipo m'tawuni mbalame

List mbalame Russia ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Kunoko swifts, abakha, nkhunda ndi chickadees, mpheta ndi akhwangwala, amene Tingaone pa msewu uliwonse, uliwonse paki ndi munda onse. Palinso ndi nthumwi zochepa za dziko la mbalame. Izi storks, cranes, akadzidzi, kabawi, partridge, ndi ena ambiri. Aliyense wa iwo mu chidwi chawo ndi chinthu chabwino kwa phunziro.

Mbalame za ku Central Russia

Mu gawo ili la dziko lokhalamo anthu ndi nambala yaikulu mbalame. Ndipo chaka chilichonse ambiri a mbalame kuno kwa dzinja. Anakakhala ku m'mapaki ndi mabwalo, pansi pa madenga a nyumba. Nthawi zambiri anthu amadyetsedwa nthenga anansi, ndipo zimawathandiza kuti atsimikize yozizira. Kawiri kawiri mutha kupeza pano Cuckoo, Kestrel, ndi Orioles ndi nuthatch. mbalame awa kwambiri kuthetsa kuyandikira kwa anthu. M'mapaki m'tauni, m'mayiwewa ndi nyanja, mukhoza kuona zambiri abakha ndi ngakhale swans. Ndipo usiku mukhoza kumva hooting wa akadzidzi ndi kubowola kufuula kabawi.

pakati gulu mbalame - oposa 70 woyendayendawu ndipo amangokhala mitundu ndi mitundu pa 60 mbalame ataliatali. M'miyezi yotentha, amakhala pano, koma mkubwela kwa nyengo yozizira wotumidwa kwa Asia ndi Africa.

mbalame m'tauni

mbalame zambiri chapakati Russia amakonda kuthetsa pafupi anthu azikhalamo. M'chigawo chimenechi pali osachepera 36 Mbalame za mitundu m'tawuni. Ena mwa iwo anakakhala monga mwa nyumba m'tawuni. Ena amakonda m'mapaki, yokhotakhota zisa zawo mu mitengo ndi zitsamba. Zochitika mzinda mbalame, mungaphunzire mfundo chidwi ndi mbali ya moyo wawo. Mwachitsanzo, n'zotheka kudziwa ngati nzeru ya mbalame, zimene ife ngakhale amaganiziridwa patsogolo. Tikufuna nthawi kuyang'ana kumwamba ndi kumvera m'dzikoli mosamala.

Phindu ndi mopweteka anabweretsa munthu

Kumene, ubwino mbalame m'tauni ndi zoonekeratu kuti sitiyenera kulankhula za izo. Mwachitsanzo, mpheta, amene anthu sangathe kuwerenga iwo, ndi zonse pofunafuna chakudya. milomoyo awo aang'ono iwo tsiku lina Mulungu adzawononga anthu mamiliyoni tizilombo yaing'ono, komanso masauzande mbewu n'kumamujompha mwendo namsongole. Palibe zodabwitsa iwo amatchedwa anamwino m'tawuni zinyalala lotayako ndi landfills.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti starling amatha gobble ngati zambiri patsiku nsikidzi, akangaude ndi mbozi, monga Iye akulemera. Ndipo mwa ichi zilibe potolsteet, chifukwa mphamvu zake zonse anakhala pa apeze chakudya.

Koma mbalame ndi akhoza kuvulaza.

"Mbalame" mavuto

Mu malo yodzaza mbalame kuyamba kawetedwe utitiri, ntchentche, nthata ndi nsabwe. Komanso, mbalame ndi magwero ndi zimafalitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri - psittacosis. Matenda akhoza zimafalitsidwa kwa anthu, ndi zina ndi amapha. Komanso, mbalame akhoza kunyamula matenda monga encephalitis, pasteurellosis, brucellosis ndi ena.

Nthawi zambiri pofunafuna chakudya ndi mbalame yaing'ono monga mpheta, ntchentche m'masitolo, malo ndi m'sitolo. Kumeneko kusokoneza chakudya, ma CD ndi n'kumamujompha mwendo katundu mu ziyambe kukonzedwa. Mbalame zitosi osati zake maonekedwe a nyumba ndi m'misewu, komanso chifukwa cha dzimbiri mbali zitsulo wa nyumba ndi nyumba. Ziweto za mbalame isasokoneze machitidwe a mizere mphamvu, kuteteza ntchito yachibadwa of. Kuononga mbewu m'minda, minda ya zipatso ndi minda.

mbalame nkhalango

mbalame zambiri za gulu pakati akadali amakonda kusamukira ku nkhalango. magulu Deciduous amakonda grouse othamanga, kedrovik Nightingale ndi ena. nkhalango Floodplain anasankhidwa ndi mbalame zina: buluu Tito, quark ndi buluu magpie. Komanso, miyoyo yambiri mu nkhalango ya mbalame insectivorous: woodpeckers, flycatchers, nkhunda ndi zina zotero. Apa iwo amamanga zisa zawo ndi mtundu.

magulu Coniferous wolemera mphungu golide, cuckoo, kadzidzi. Mungapezeponso pano mphodza ndi bwino kuti titmouse onse. Nthawi zina zingaoneke kuti nkhalango coniferous m'malo moyo, ndipo imfa chete. Ayi. Ndipotu iye ndi zonse zolengedwa, makamaka mbalame, inu muyenera kuphunzira kumvera ndi kumva.

lark

Imodzi ya mbalame wotchuka zosamukasamuka ndi skylark. Izi mbalame yaing'ono akulemera magalamu 40 ndi kutalika kwa munthu pazipita masentimita 19. Akufika zouluka m'banda, mwamsanga pamene chisanu chimasungunula, ndipo alipo woyamba thawed. Việt chisa pang'ono kenako, pamene pali zambiri zamasamba. Ndipo koyamba chaka chatha mbalame adya mbewu za zomera ndi akupanga pansi mazira kugona tizilombo.

Skylark amakhala pansi ndi kudya kumeneko. Koma anaimba yekha mu mlengalenga. Kuuluka ndi kutalika mamita 150, ndi wodzazidwa ndi mokweza auka apamwamba. Nthawizina izo zimawoneka kuti nyimbo sonorous amveka mwachindunji kuchokera kumwamba buluu. Kubwera pansi, mbalame amayimba phokoso ndi jerky, ndi pa msinkhu wa mamita 15-20 ndi chete kwathunthu.

The chimeza ndi Crane

Wotchuka Crane ndi chimeza oyenda adalipo moyo. Zonse mu chikhalidwe pali pafupifupi 60 mitundu ya herons zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo ndi:

• woyera;
• chakuda;
• ang'ono buluu;
• imvi chimeza.

Ichi ndi chinthu kuzindikira kwambiri, kusakaniza ndi mbalame ina zosatheka. Pakati mbali zimasiyanitsa - yaitali, miyendo kaso ndi mulomo, wotchuka chifukwa m'litali Olemba, pang'ono wamfupi mchira ndipo khosi yaitali.

Iwo amakhala makamaka madzi. Angapezeke pa moor, mtsinje waung'ono, mu meadows lakeside. m'nyanja zikuluzikulu chimeza kuyesetsa kupewa. Mbalame kudya mwanjira yachilendo kwambiri. Awo zakudya njoka, achule, tadpoles njoka, newts, tizilombo lalikulu, mwachangu nsomba ndi nsomba. Mitundu ina herons amakonda kusiyanitsa mbewa desiki wanu ndi timadontho-timadontho yaing'ono.

Ndi Crane ndi chimeza - mbalame monogamous, ndiye mawonekedwe peyala imodzi yokha. Koma ngati cranes ndi "anakwatira" moyo wonse, ndiye amalenga awiri chimeza mu nyengo. The mwamuna wokongola kwambiri kusamalira mnzawo - Mochititsa chidwi anyonyomala ndi akhwatchitsa mlomo wake. Ambiri ntchito pa makonzedwe a chisa ngati mwamuna Zimatero. Kuyambira akazi kokha chofunika amaunjika zinthu anabweretsa. Chimeza anapiye zimaswa nthawi, ndipo zowalamulira wina kungakhale kwa 7 mazira.

Malinga mtundu wa chimeza kulemera angafikire 2 makilogalamu ndi wingspan - 175 cm.

Cranes - komanso mbalame aakulu. Kulemera kwa nthenga ndi angafikire 6 makilogalamu ndi wingspan - mamita 2.5. Mtundu mbalame (Kireni imvi) buluu imvi, ndi sapota akuda kuposa mimba. Mbali ndi kumbuyo nthenga khosi mwayera. The kumtunda kwa mutu ndi wopanda nthenga, pamene pali khungu kufiira. Yoteroyo mdima, ndipo mulomo ndi kuwala imvi mtundu.

cranes Gray amasamukira nkhosa za 400 mbalame. Mphamvu ya mbalame ndi kusintha kwambiri. Iwo amasangalala kudya umatheka ndi mbewu, mbatata, zipatso ndi mitengo ya zipatso, masamba, mizu ndi zikhawo a zomera zambiri. M'chaka cha imvi Kireni kusiyanitsa zakudya za mbewa, nsomba zazinkhanira, nyongolotsi, ndi mbalame yaing'ono. Iwo sanyoza komanso dragonflies, nkhono, akangaude ndi kafadala ndi nyama zina.

Gray Kireni - mbalame-wopulumuka. Kuthengo, moyo wawo amayembekezeka kungakhale kwa zaka 40.

kumeza

Pafupifupi onse moyo wake kumeza amathera mu ndege, kawirikawiri pansi kwinakwake kukapuma. Pali mitundu ingapo ya izi mbalame wotchera mapiko:

• Kumeza mzinda;
• okongoletsedwa;
• Kumeza gombe.

Imeneyi ndi maganizo ambiri odziwika ndi bwino kwa ife. Ambiri, banja la kumeza ali pafupifupi 80 mitundu. Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana ichi, onse a iwo ofanana kwambiri ndi pafupifupi moyo chomwecho. Onse kumeza insectivorous. Iwo ankadya udzudzu lalikulu zedi kuposa munthu zothandiza kwambiri.

Mu mlengalenga, mbalame - ndi aces weniweni. Iwo amatha kuchita amapinimbiritsa ambiri, monga kuzungulira akufa. Mu mlengalenga, kumeza kuchita zonse madzi, linatembunuka, dongosolo, ngakhale kumwa ndi kusambira, zouluka pa m'mayiwe.

The chidwi kwambiri namzeze gombe, kapena otchedwa Sand Martin. Mosiyana ndi asuweni ake ena, si kumanga chisa, ndipo amakhala ku burrow a. Pa phompho yotsetsereka pafupi dziwe mbalame zimenezo kukumba kwambiri, nthawi zina theka dzenje mita. Mapeto ndi yaing'ono kutambasuka - kukaikira mazira chipinda. Kumeneko Sand Martin amaponya chisa cha nkhumi, timitengo ndi masamba youma.

nkhunda

Amene sakudziwa mbalame zimenezi, anthu ambiri zikuchitika mu kanjira pakati? Pali mitundu yoposa 300 mu banja njiwa. iwo onse ali ofanana kwambiri ndi mzake, ndithudi, ngati ife kukusalani kuchokera pa ndandanda poyerekeza wa miyala yokongola. chitsanzo A akutengedwa ndiye odziwika bwino nkhunda nkhunda. Zinali ana ake kuŵetedwa anatumikira anthu oterewa ankakhala. Nkhunda - mbalame imodzi ochepa kuti apite komanso ntchentche. Koma anthu ambiri m'tauni aulesi kuti adzauka mu mlengalenga kuli kofunika kutero.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti nkhunda nkhunda namwino ana awo. Kodi munamvapo za mkaka wa mbalame? Ndi za nkhunda. Pa nthawi ya maonekedwe a anapiye anabadwa mu ubongo njiwa amayamba kutulutsa yapadera timadzi - prolactin. Chifukwa cha nkhani iyi pamwamba lamkati la mbalame Chotupa chija, kapena m'malo slimy ake, anayamba kubala chinthu chapadera chokhala kanyumba tchizi mkaka. Iye wophatikidwa ndi mbewu anasintha kudyedwa ndi Mbalame. Chifukwa ndi wapadera michere osakaniza, ndilo chakudya kwa anapiye.

Chimodzi mwa zamoyo zing'onozing'ono nkhunda - njiwa. Ena amakhulupirira kuti wotchedwa njiwa wamkazi. Komabe, siziri choncho. Mosiyana-Cesar nkhunda nkhunda mbalame palibe urbanist. Iwo amaoneka m'dera lathu kumayambiriro May chokani mu August. Iwo amakhala makamaka m'mapaki copses, minda ndi nkhalango pine. Zisa za mbalame izi ndi pa mitengo. Ngakhale nkhunda onse kumanga nyumba zawo m'malo amangotchula, nkhunda chisa, ngakhale izo zimawoneka kwambiri wosakhwima, makamaka ndithu amphamvu. Nthawi zina gorlitsyn nyali nyumba choncho mungathe kuwona kuchokera pansi atagona izo mazira kapena anapiye kuganizira.

oriole

Wina wokhala wotchuka nkhalango Russian - Oriole wamba. Ake chikasu nthenga yowala mosadziwa zimapangitsa kuti kumwetulira ndi kumva kutentha kwa tsiku chilimwe. Oriole akadzafika mu mochedwa May, pamene zonse akuyamba mwamphamvu kutembenukira wobiriwira. Ichi ndi mbalame mwachilungamo lalikulu, za masentimita 25 ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 70-75 kutalika. Koma ngakhale izi mbalame zooneka ngati m'malo chachikulu ndi kovuta kuwona masamba obiriwira.

Oriole chisa wamba Vietnamese kwambiri wapadera. Ndi mtundu wa hammock kwambiri Anapachikidwa mu korona mtengo. Ziribe kanthu momwe mphepo m'kati, anapiye sadzamva akugwa chisa, choncho ndi amphamvu kwambiri ngakhale kaso ndithu.

Oriole adya makamaka kafadala, agulugufe ndi akangaude. Mu chilimwe kusiyanitsa zakudya zawo rasipiberi, chitumbuwa, ndipo Saskatoon. Kale pa chiyambi cha September, "dzuwa cheza" mu yekhayekha kuuluka kwa dzinja mu Africa.

kadzidzi

Kadzidzi - mbalame okwanira. Kuchuluka kwa mapiko ake angafikire mamita imodzi ndi theka. Nthawi zambiri, nthumwi awa a kadzidzi ndi ocher yofiira mtundu. Nthenga kadzidzi ali ndi dongosolo wapadera, amene amalola iye kuti awuluke chete kwathunthu. 5 Mbalame za mitundu okhala pa gawo la Russia. Onse m'gulu pangozi.

Kadzidzi amakhala pafupi ndi zigwembe, madambo ndi nkhalango akale. Phunzirani zingakhale a achilendo kuseka zakutchire. mutu Big mbalame ali wapadera cholembera "makutu", ndi maso mwangwiro ozungulira chachikulu kuona mu mdima. Kodi akadzidzi ndi mbali imodzi, wodziwika, mwinamwake, ngakhale kwa ana. Iwo amatha mutu wake ndi mochuluka monga 270 madigiri.

Kadzidzi - mbalame yolusa. Bwino chakudya cha iye ali pansi agologolo, marmots, mbewa, chipmunks ndi nyama zina zazing'ono. Ngakhale chakudya akuipereka tizilombo osiyana, ndipo, oddly mokwanira, hedgehogs. Ngati kadzidzi ntchentche pa dziwe, anali okondwa regale chule kapena nsomba.

Ngakhale kadzidzi wamkulu alibe adani, ana akhoza sizivuta kuti nkhandwe kapena nkhandwe. Koma zambiri mbalame amakhudzidwa ndi manja a anthu. Mfundo ndi mbalame zambiri kudya makoswe moyo m'minda anachitira ndi "odana ndi mbewa" ziphe. Popeza kudya wodwala, poizoni mbewa, mbalame ali pafupifupi zosatheka kuti apulumuke.

tsekwe

Chapakati Russia komanso ena mbalame mwachilungamo lalikulu. Pa kusamuka, mwachitsanzo, ndi zachilendo whooper tsekwe. Iye nyengo pa magombe a Azov ndi Black Pacific.

Whooper tsekwe - mbalame ndi lolemera ndithu, motero moyo wake anakhala mu madzi. Iwo amafanana kwambiri ndi anzawo - swans yaing'ono. Ngakhale Mosiyana mpaka pano. Mu Whooper mu mulomo ochekenera chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mithunzi ya chikasu, pamene swans kakang'ono - wakuda. M'mbali zina zonse mofanana kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi hooping - mamita 1.3-1.7, ndipo amatha kulemera makilogalamu 15. Iwo ndi miyendo lalifupi ndi wokongola khosi yaitali. Whooper woyera nthenga ndi zofewa kwambiri ndi kutentha, izo ali zambiri kufwanyulira.

Ngati cranes ndi, swans ndi monogamous, iwo kulenga mwamuna wanga moyo. Whooper chisa pafupi madzi ndi Mokoma kuteteza m'deralo alendo kulowererana.

wagtail

Mbalame zazing'ono kuoneka m'dera lathu mu kasupe oyambirira. Ngakhale ayezi samabwera pansi, pamene malo inkapezeka zolengedwa wochepa, nthawi zonse anagwedeza micira yawo. Mu chikhalidwe pali mitundu koteroko wagtails:

• woyera;
• wachikasu, kapena Pliska;
• mtengo pipit;
• Tawny Pipit;
• dambo pipit.

Iwo amakhala mu dziko lathu ndi zina zina skates: tchire, phiri, Siberia ndi Red.

Wagtails pafupifupi amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yonse padziko lapansi. Ngakhale iwo amamanga zisa pansi mizu ya mtengo, mu mulu wa nkhuni ndi udzu, ndi pafupi malo okhala anthu akhoza anakonza mu okhetsedwa kapena woodpile. Pafupifupi osati kuopa anthu, ngakhale munthuyo limapezeka pafupi chisa wagtail satenga, ndipo akupitiriza kuthamanga mwa njira, kutenga chiopsezo ndi nyumba mbadwa.

Monga mukuonera, ndi mbalame za ku Central Russia achuluka ndithu zosiyanasiyana. Zatchulidwazi ndi zochepa yaing'ono ya zomera.