Communication a mawu akuti. Njira mawu kulankhulana

M'nkhani ino tikambirana chiyani ubale wa mawu m'chiganizo, mitundu zimene iwo kulibe, momwe iwo amasiyana Chrixitu. Izi lathu kumafuna ena powunikira terminological.

Makamaka, pofuna kumvetsa zimene ndi njira yolumikizana mawu, muyenera kusankha Kodi mawu akuti "Mawu akuti". Pambuyo pake, timapita pa funso kodi pali kugwirizana kwa mawu akuti. "Phunziro" kupitiriza kuilingalira mwatsatanetsatane za kasamalidwe, kugwirizana ndi kugwirizana ndi anamaliza kwenikweni yaing'ono zimene mungagwiritse ntchito, osati kuti analakwitsa pa tanthauzo awo.

Onani kuti nkhani zofunika kwambiri, chifukwa mayeso ali tcheru kwambiri funso kodi kugwirizana mawu akuti. Yesani izi mu Mabaibulo onse zikuphatikizapo tanthauzo la mitundu ya kulankhulana.

Tanthawuzo la "mawu"

Mawu - kujowina mawu awiri kapena kuposa, ndipo grammatically ofanana m'njira yakuti umamudziwikitsa ina umodzi dissectively lingaliro (kanthu, ubwino wa chinthu kapena chinthu palokha, ndipo ena.).

Ndi gulu la malembedwe amene amachita ntchito kulankhula (mwa kulankhula kwina, ndi mbali ya) okha monga mbali ya m'sentensi.

Masiku ano ambiri amaona kuti ndi mawu ndi mankhwala a mawu zachokera ubale wa subordination, ndiko kuti, Payenera kukhala zigawo ziwiri - mbuye ndi kapolo membala. Ena mwa ofufuza dongosolo zinenero mulinso osakaniza mbali homogeneous chiganizo mu gulu osiyana - coordinative mawu, koma ife adzaphatikana ndi gulu la makolo ndi kukusalani iwo pokambirana wathu chifukwa kuti chichitike kukhala kasamalidwe, kugwirizana ndi contiguity, ndiye njira mawu kulankhulana, ndife chidwi, muyenera mbali watanthauzo wa kulankhula unali olumikizidwa ndicho subordination ubwenzi.

kalembedwe homonymy

Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza mawu "kuwerenga ndekha." Apa pali zotsatira za otchedwa homonyms kalembedwe. mawuwa mafunso awiri: "Werengani za yani?" ndi "Werengani chiyani?". Zikatero, pamene tili mu malingaliro ndi kuwerenga mokweza, "ndekha" akutumikira monga adverb, ndipo ndi - mawu wosasintha Choncho, ndi pafupi ndi chachikulu. Ngati chachiwiri, pamene mtengo uli "Panopa" yozungulira mbali ya cholankhula mu mawonekedwe case, ndiko kuti, ukulamulidwa ndi waukulu, ndipo adzakhala yosamalira.

Tiyeni tikumbukire kuti chiweruzo, mawu akhoza zokhudzana subordination kapena coordinative akapolo, chifukwa pali mitundu iwiri ya iwo: kumvera ndi ntchito.

ntchito ndi chiyani?

Zikuchokera - pawiri palokha Chrixitu zinthu ofanana, kapena syntactically. Izi zikhoza kukhala ulalo mu losavuta chiganizo mamembala homogeneous (pang'ono ndi pang'ono, amphaka ndi agalu), kapena ziwalo za chiweruzo (kapena kuipidwa conjunctionless slozhnosochinennogo).

Kodi kugonjera ndi?

Kugonjera - kugwirizana anthuwo zinthu malembedwe (ziwalo za chiweruzo zovuta, komanso mawu ena mu izo).

Mu akuti pali Kumvetsela kugwirizana pakati pa mbali yaikulu ya kulankhula. Choncho, pamene aitanidwa kupeza mu malemba a kugwirizana, kasamalidwe, kapena contiguity, ie, pawiri kugwirizana wamng'ono akhoza yomweyo kuchotsedwa bwalo la kufunafuna mitundu phunziro ndi mkhalidwe (kutanthauza kuti chifukwa kalembedwe wa pempholo), pawiri wapakamwa ndi mwadzina predicates ndi mawu koyambirira . Ndi otsiriza muyenera kulipira mwapadera, chifukwa kulankhulana wamng'ono m'njira zina ndi kupereka malonje ndi mawu. Zitsanzo: "Chinachake inadutsa mu mlengalenga Mwina mphezi.". Pano, "mwina" - mawu koyambirira. Koma mawu monga "ndikuganiza" ndi "iye anati" - ichi kupereka malonje ndi ma.

Pangano, contiguity ndi ulamuliro - izi ndi waukulu mitundu ya subordination ubale.

Ofananira: tanthauzo

Ofananira - ubwenzi a mawu akuti, pamene mawonekedwe ake akuyerekezeredwa ndi waukulu yozungulira, mwachitsanzo ntchito chimodzimodzi chiwerengero, jenda ndi case, monga kuti amene amanena - ndi nauni kapena gawo lina la mawu ndi matanthauzo ake: "Okondedwa anamfedwa "kapena" osati "chinachake" hyphenated ". Ngati inu kusintha kusintha chachikulu ndi mawu yozungulira.

Kodi mawu kungakhale asiye pamene kukambirana?

Mpukutuwu uli ndi zovuta kupeza osakaniza ndi mtundu uwu wa kugwirizana, ngati inu kumbukirani kuti monga munthu wamng'ono mawu (ie yozungulira) amaoneka zonse yekha kusintha mbali ya kulankhula: puronauni odzikundikira (mawu anu), wachibale (amatanthauza), index ( khalidwe loipa lino), chizindikiro (mitundu yonse ya mavuto, zonse zabwino), mawu oipa (mwa njira iliyonse), chosadziwika (abwenzi ena), adjectives (manda katundu okwana analibe ufulu wa katundu wolemera), mgonero zonse (bushuyu conductive mphepo yamkuntho) komanso manambala ordinal (makumi awiri) ndipo manauni ndi ntchito zonse, zokhudza chiwerengero ndi mlandu ndi mawu waukulu (ngati liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba zingasiyane mu manambala); anabadwa monga iwo yofanana Choncho, pa maziko a anagwirizana mwina ngati mawu. Zitsanzo: nyumba yatsopano, mayi ndi aphunzitsi.

mawu substantivized

Wa adjectives ndi participles nawo ubwenzi woterewu mbali yaikulu ya kulankhula, monga harmonization, kuti pachifukwa otchedwa mawu substantivized, ndiye mgonero ndi adjectives kuti kale anawoloka m'gulu la manauni: "N'chimodzimodzinso kwa osauka, ndi kwa zabwino." Izi mfundo ziwiri ( "zoipa" ndi "wabwino") kupanga waukulu mawu osakaniza, hereinafter anatchula kulamulira chifukwa iwo ali manauni m'nkhani imeneyi. Ife kudzifunsa kuti; "amaimira chiyani?". Ndi yankho: ". Ndipo kwa osauka, ndi zabwino"

manambala kadinala

Nkhani wapadera wapangidwa ndi mawu manambala kadinala. Iwo amakhala mu mtima mwa ntchito yozungulira mawu, koma osati nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, mu accusative ndi nominative ngati manambala nthawi zonse membala kiyi, ndi zina - Kumvetsela ku. Inu mukhoza kufanizira ziganizo zotsatirazi: "Ndinkagwira ntchito kwa zaka makumi awiri kusukulu," ndipo "ine ndikugwira ntchito maola asanu." Kuphatikiza mawu "maola asanu," ndi numeral "zisanu ndi chimodzi" mu genitive ndi yozungulira mawu. Mungathe kufunsa funso ili: "Mpaka maora angati mumagwira ntchito?". Yankho: "sikisi". Mawu akuti "zaka makumi awiri" ndi liwu lalikulu ndi numeral "makumi awiri". funso kufunsa awa: "? twente-zimene". Ndipo ife kuyankha: "zaka twente." Pankhaniyi - kulamulira. Chirasha kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mawu amenewa.

Management: Tanthauzo

Pang'ono ndi pang'ono amalowa mpaka mtundu lotsatira kugwirizana ndi mbali ziwiri zofunika kwambiri za mawu. Management - kugwirizana kwa mawu akuti, yodziwika kuti mawu yozungulira (nauni kapena gawo lina la kulankhula ntchito yake: substantivized mawu, puronauni, ndi numeral (kuyang'ana pa onse / kukhala / izo / bwenzi)) aikidwa mu mawonekedwe nkhani zosiyanasiyana ( ndi anawagwiritsira kapena popanda), chimene chiri chifukwa membala yaikulu lexical ndi kalembedwe tanthauzo lake. Choncho mawu akhoza kukhala nauni, mneni, adjective, adverb, kadinala chiwerengero accusative kapena nominative, kufufuza mawu chikhalidwe.

M'mawu ena, chinthu chachikulu kuchokera yozungulira amafuna mitundu ina choncho.

Onani kuti kwambiri akuti "kasamalidwe" anaika lingaliro limene Russian mawu a mtundu yodziwika ndi ulamuliro wa mawu wina ndi mzake.

kasamalidwe Features

Ndi mtundu kulankhulana mamembala yozungulira nthawi zonse kuyankha mafunso milandu oblique, "anakumbukira nkhani", "ayenera kuti anali adamasulidwa", "anali kutumikira tsiku," "tikuonera msewu" ndi ena.

Dziŵani kuti mawu Russian, ngakhale kuti ndi zotheka kuti ena, ndicho adverbial, mafunso (kutumikira (komwe) ndi (pa chilichonse) pa mode chiyani?) - uyu ndi kasamalidwe, chifukwa mfundo prepositions pamaso pa iwo.

Choncho, chochitira - nthawi zonse chizindikiro mawu amenewa - kasamalidwe, osati contiguity.

Junction: Tanthauzo

Tiyeni tsopano tione mtundu yotsirizira ya kulankhulana. Junction - ndi kugwirizana ngati a mawu akuti, pamene ndi grammatically, koma osati lexical (ie, mkati tanthauzo la) analongosola kudalira mawu wamng'ono, intonation ndi dongosolo lawo. Only mbali zosasintha wa kulankhula mwina pafupi: a infinitive, ndi adverb invariable adjective (Khaki) ndi mphamvu wachibale wa iwo, (ana okulirapo) losavuta, ndi nauni kumachita ngati ntchito unapproved (mwachitsanzo, mu nyuzipepala "Moscow News"), odzikundikira akuti awo, iye wake. Poganizira zimenezi, n'zosavuta kupeza m'lembali kugwirizana mawu m'mawu oti "contiguity". Ndipotu, liwu lokha chimaonekera: yozungulira anafotokoza Chofunika, akulowa iye.

Features contiguity

Mawu waukulu osakaniza amenewa kungakhale mneni, nauni, adjective, adverb, participle ndi gerund.

Tiyenera kusamalira kwambiri ubale wa mawu ndi puronauni odzikundikira ake, zake, awo, chifukwa iwo, mosiyana ndi mitundu akuti munthu, homonymous iwo sasintha, kotero kuchita kokha pankhaniyi, monga contiguity. Mwachitsanzo: "Mawa izo akanayenera kuiŵala." Pano "nkhani" - mawonekedwe m'lowam'malo "iye" zinachitikira genitive, chotero patsogolo pa ife mu nkhani iyi, kasamalidwe kugwirizana. Ndipo mu chiganizo china - "maso ake ali buluu" - ichi ndi puronauni kulamula amene ali wosasintha, choncho amagwirizana ndi mawu waukulu ntchito yakumapeto.

Nkhani yapadera ya contiguity

Nkhani yapadera ya kulankhulana kotereku - ndi pamene mawu akutumikira monga infinitive yozungulira: "Ine amafuna kupitiriza maonekedwe." Akulankhula mawu "ayenera kutsatira" - osati ndi gulu wapakamwa mkhalidwe, chifukwa zochita ikuchitika ndi anthu osiyana (mabungwe):. Ine kufuna ndiponso kutsatira kodi inu / iye / ali ndi N., Choncho, munthu / chilli mu nkhani iyi, kumuopa n'zogwirizana osati mbali ya mkhalidwe wa.

Ziganizo zovuta Union kulankhula - wachibale akuti "munthu", "zimene", "amene", "mmene", "zimene", "amene" wosiyanasiyana milandu oblique (mbali yomweyo ya kulankhula mu zinthu zochepa monga interrogative), komanso adverbs monga, bwanji, nanga, pamene kumene, komwe - komanso amadalira mu mawu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kulankhulana.

chigamulochi

Choncho, pofuna kudziwa zimene mtundu wa khalidwe kapena mawu angagwiritse ntchito mwamsanga izi:

pamene kukambirana mawu ofunika kwa yozungulira zofunika zitatu - chiwerengero, jenda ndi nkhani;

kasamalidwe ali lamulo limodzi lokha - choncho;

pamene abutting kanthu chofunika.

Kumakuthandizani bwino kukumbukira mfundo ubwenzi woterewu mawu mu mawu tebulo.