Cybernetics monga mwambo

Cybernetics - nzeru za njira kasamalidwe mu kachitidwe zazikulu, ozikidwa pa maziko ongolankhula maganizo, masamu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuti cholinga kompyuta.

Andre Marie Ampere pafupi zaka mazana awiri zapitazo, ntchito lakuti "Essays pa Philosophy ya Science." Mu masamu French ndi wasayansi adafuna codify onse sayansi alipo. Mu gawo osiyana wasayansi kuika sayansi, imene iye amayenera kuti anali kuphunzira njira khalidwe pamalo. Dzina la sayansi, iye anachokera ku mawu achigiriki "kibernetes" kutanthauza "mmodzi wowongolera", "mmodzi wowongolera".

Cybernetics Science Ampere anaikidwa mu "Ndale" gawo. Kwa nthawi yaitali ife sanagwiritse ntchito mawu pa nonse kuiwala za izo.

Only mu 1948 Norbert Viner, American masamu, lofalitsidwa ntchito "Cybernetics, kapena Control and Communication mu zamoyo ndi makina wamoyo." Buku chidwi chachikulu pa anthu.

Cornerstones otchedwa cybernetics chiphunzitso zambiri, chiphunzitso cha chiphunzitso automata ndi ma aligorivimu afufuza njira yomanga machitidwe kwa processing zambiri. The zida masamu a cybernetics sayansi amakhudza kwambiri. Kumafuna Mwina chiphunzitso, chiphunzitso ntchito, logic masamu ndi nthambi zina za masamu.

Mu chitukuko cha njira sayansi cybernetics ankaimba akuluakulu ntchito zamoyo zimene amaphunzira pa kayendetsedwe ka njira chibadidwe chikhalidwe. Molimba chitukuko cha cybernetics anali kukula kwa zochita zokha ndi zamagetsi, zomwe zinachititsa kuti zikamera wa makompyuta ndi liwilo. Izi watsegula mwayi n'kale lonse processing zambiri ndi kayeseleledwe kachitidwe kulamulira.

Thandizo kwa sayansi anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito sayansi, masamu, zamoyo, maganizo, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, zachuma, nzeru, kusonkhezera madera osiyana.

Chifukwa njira cybernetics maphunziro kasamalidwe, sayansi izi asankha kukhala njira kasamalidwe m'madera chodzikonda. Chifukwa, chidwi kwambiri pophunzira wakhala kukopedwa ndi zamoyo - munthu amene ndi dongosolo kulamulira mtundu apamwamba, zimene zimaonetsa asayansi ndi akatswiri ndafuna kubereka mwa makina.

Cybernetics investigates katundu ambiri zosiyanasiyana machitidwe kulamulira, amene chibadidwe ndi zinyama, ndipo dziko organic, ndi magulu a anthu.

Control chinthu (makina, yodzichitira mzere, selo lamoyo, akonzedwa a zilembo) ndi kulamulira Unit (ubongo kapena makina) mowirikiza kupatsana zambiri.

Management kugwirizana ndimakokedwe, yosungirako, kudzikundikira, deta processing, zomwe limafotokoza chinthu, malo kunja, njira ya njira, pulogalamu ntchito.

machitidwe osiyana amasiyana mzake ndi chikhalidwe TV (kuwala, phokoso, mankhwala, makina, chizindikiro magetsi, zikalata). Koma Mulimonsemo, pasukuluyi imvera malamulo ambiri. Onsewo yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa maganizo. Komanso, onse zipangizo kulamulira monga zinthu ndi zinthu zimene Mbali wamba chibadidwe ndi zamoyo ndi makina yokumba. Iwo amatha kudziwa zambiri, kudziunjikira izo, kuloweza, etc.

Cybernetics zachitika mofulumira kwambiri. Kota zaka izo wakula mu umodzi wa amalanga akutsogolera amene analandira kuzindikira sayansi ndi chofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe chonse.

Today cybernetics - zonse kunachitika sayansi ya mfundo za kasamalidwe kumalo amene asankhidwa a sayansi ndi anthu (chuma, luso, cybernetics nyukiliya, etc.) Cybernetics akufotokozera mfundo ndi imangira chitsanzo cha ulamuliro.

Cyber amatchedwa mtundu wa mphamvu amaona onse gulu la dongosolo, amene zinthu ndi inakula; Imakhala yothetsera mulingo woyenera kwambiri mavuto zazikulu; Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito njira yeniyeni cybernetics (maganizo, kudzikonda bungwe, etc.); amagwiritsa zokha ndi mechanization ntchito anira ndipo pa maziko a makompyuta ndi kasamalidwe kompyuta.