The dzanja chidutswa: thunthu

Upper nthambi munthu ankagwira ntchito yotamandika mu mapangidwe zinachokera wake monga mtundu. M'nkhaniyi tiona gawo la manja anthu ndi nyama, makamaka dongosolo lawo ndi kugwira ntchito.

Dongosolo akukhudzidwira dongosolo la nthambi chapamwamba

Kumalekezero chapamwamba imakhala ndi mbali ziwiri. The choyamba chimalongosola lamba ongokhala clavicle ndi scapula. mafupa a nthambi mfulu - mbali yachiwiri ndi kuwakonda. Amakhala wina unpaired humerus. Iye slidably olumikizidwa kwa mkono ulnar ndi zozungulira kupanga. The zigawo izi dzanja - ndinatsala. Iwo amakhala ndi mafupa carpal, metacarpal ndi phalanges.

The kumtunda kwa dzanja

Kapangidwe ka dipatimenti imeneyi kumaphatikizapo wophatikizidwa clavicle ndi scapula. Izi mafupa a chapamwamba nthambi lamba kupereka kugwirizana kusintha kwa thunthu mafupa ndi dzanja ufulu. Clavicle pa dzanja limodzi chikugwirizana kwa breastbone mosabisa ndi pa zina - ndi vane a. fupa uyu ali angapo n'njokhota ndi bwino palpable lonse. zinchito Aika Mbali mu thupi ndi malo olowa phewa patali pachifuwa. Zimenezi kwambiri osiyanasiyana zoyenda wa miyendo chapamwamba.

The mmunsi mwa mkono

Bone ufulu kumalekezero chigoba movably chokhudzana ndi kupanga mfundo zingapo: sternoclavicular, phewa, m'zigongono, radiocarpal. nyumba zonsezi limodzi structural dongosolo. Mu mutu uliwonse anzake a fupa limodzi mbali ya kuzama kwa ena. Nkhope anzake apatsidwa sanasonyezedwepo amphamvu mikangano, awo chimakwirira hyaline chichereŵechereŵe. Aliyense dongosolo ngati ali kapisozi limodzi limene amagwira Mitsemphayi ndi akatumba.

Mbali zina za dzanja ndi makhalidwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, chala chachikulu ndi otsutsa onse. Izi kugwirizana ndi luso munthu bwino ntchito.

Kapangidwe ka manja nyama zonse mtundu wofanana wa poyambira. Amakhala m'magulu atatu: phewa, mkono ndi dzanja. makhalidwe awo morphological ndi kusiyana zokhudza malo a nyama. Choncho, mbalame chifukwa cha luso lawo kuuluka miyendo chapamwamba atembenukira ku mapiko. Timadontho-timadontho ndi shrews kupeza chakudya, kupanga kusuntha m'nthaka. Choncho, iwo ndi yaikulu kukumba miyendo. Oyimira a nyama kuti mileme ndinazolowera ndege yogwira chifukwa kukhalapo kwa makutu khungu ndi zala elongated. nyama Hoofed dzina lawo chifukwa kukhalapo kwa formations zoteteza tentha mthupi pa ziwalo zawo.

Limagwirira wa miyendo chapamwamba

mbali zonse za manja anthu ndi nyama kusuntha zikomo kwa minofu. Iwo amagwira ku fupa ndi Mitsemphayi. Minofu, chifukwa nthambi kayendedwe, pamodzi mu magulu awiri. Nthambi woyamba akufunitsitsa. Mwachitsanzo, kukongola, kapena kukongola amachititsa mkono wa thupi. Extensors kuchita ntchito osiyanitsidwa. Anthu, ntchito imeneyi imagwiridwa ndi triceps lapansi. Deltoid kuchita mbali zosiyana. ulusi wake, padziko kutsogolo kwa mkono, ndi mkono akufunitsitsa. Ndipo anthu ili pa mbali n'zosiyana - M'malo mwake.

Khungu la manja ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo. Izi wapadera tcheru formations kuti kulumikiza thupi ndi chilengedwe. Iwo amatha kusanduliza mu osiyanasiyana zotsatira zikhumbo mitsempha. Mwaichi, nkhani laperekedwa kwa zigawo yoyenera ya ubongo kotekisi. njira conductive mu nkhani iyi ndi ulusi mitsempha. Mu ubongo, mfundo kusanthula ndi malangizo n'zosiyana umaperekedwa kwa thupi ntchito. mitundu yambiri ya maselo ili mu khungu la manja. Mawotchi ndazindikira kuthamanga ndi kukhudza. Ozizira ndi ofunda thupi amaona kudzera thermoreceptors. Koma ambiri a pathupi lonse la manja ndi zala amakhudzidwa amaonera ululu. Iwo anapanga nociceptors.

miyendo Upper chifukwa peculiarities dongosolo ali ntchito zambiri zofunika. Ndi luso kuwuluka, ulimi wa chakudya, kumanga m'misasa. Mbali kwambiri zovuta kuzimvetsa ali dzanja la munthu amene amapanga ntchito yake ndipo ndicho chiyambi cha kusintha ambiri amakhulupilira ena.