Self-injini odana ndege chida "Shilka". ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"

M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira pambuyo oyamba ake ndege wakhala zedi nkhondoyo. Kumene, nthawi yomweyo anayamba kuoneka njira kuzindikira kuti alimbane ake zowononga. Ngakhale losavuta la ndege panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri angazigwiritse ntchito mphamvu yotsutsa maphwando kuwonongeka ndithu. Ndiye anali Spain, Abyssinia, ndi mikangano zina zambiri, m'mbuyomu ntchito ndege, mabomba, nthawi zambiri chitetezo malo kapena midzi mtendere popanda kukumana kukana. Komabe, kutsutsa kwakukulu ndege inayamba mu 1939, pamene panali Wachiwiri World nkhondo. Zida zankhondo zida mpweya chitetezo anakhala osiyana mitundu. Nthawi zambiri, vuto lalikulu la asilikali nthaka munali mdani kuukira ndege zikugwira ntchito pa okwera otsika, kuchititsa mabomba zolondola. vuto sikuti wachibadidwe papita m'zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.

The mbiri ya "Shilka" Lingaliro

Kale mu makumi mochedwa za m'ma XX, ambiri opanga mikono, kuyembekeza kufunika kukula, ntchito kukhala mkulu-mathamangidwe zida zankhondo kachitidwe, anafuna makamaka kulimbana mipherezero mpweya. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali zitsanzo za mfuti yaing'ono-likungosonyeza pa tripods turret okonzeka ndi njira zozungulira onsewo. Zitsanzo za German odana ndege mfuti makina FlaK (yochepa Flugzeugabwehrkanone), anatengedwa ndi Wehrmacht mu 1934. Iwo anayamba pa zaka zisanu nkhondo mobwerezabwereza akweza ndi kutulutsa manambala yaikulu. Wotchuka anali "Oerlikon" anakamba mu Switzerland (1927) ndi ntchito ndi magulu onse chikumenyana ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. System anasonyeza mkulu efficacy mu zotupa ndege kuukira ndege amakakamizidwa ntchito pa okwera otsika. Izi mfuti mofulumira-likungosonyeza amangoona 20 mamilimita yosiyana kutalika kwa katiriji ndi (buku amadalira koyamba mathamangidwe zachiwawa kudzanja, ndipo osiyanasiyana choncho pazipita). Kuwonjezeka mlingo wa linagwiritsidwa ntchito akwaniritsa machitidwe multicore. Choncho anatuluka mfundo chonse chimene zina analenga Soviet kudziletsa injini odana ndege chida "Shilka".

Chifukwa chololera injini odana ndege mfuti mofulumira-yowotcha

Mu 50s munali rocketry, kuphatikizapo odana ndi ndege. Strategic zoponya mabomba ndi reconnaissance ndege, poyamba anali wotsimikiza kwambiri mu mlengalenga wina, mwadzidzidzi inaccessibility awo. Kumene, kupanga ndege ndipo anapita pa njira mlingo denga, koma zimakhala pa malo asilikali ake mdani anakhala osadziteteza. Komabe, iwo anali ndi njira yodalirika kupewa nkhonyayo nkhondo mpweya chitetezo, ndipo zinali kufikako chandamale pa okwera otsika kwambiri. Kumapeto kwa 60 odana ndege zida zankhondo la Soviet Union sanali okonzeka kusonyeza nkhonya ya ndege mdani zouluka pa lathyathyathya njira yodutsamo pa liwilo. Nthawi analabadira yaing'ono kwambiri, ngakhale munthu ndi yachangu "nkhonya" bongo sanathe thupi nthawi kutsegula moto, ndipo makamaka kugunda chandamale, inadutsa mu mlengalenga masekondi. Amafuna zokha ndi machitidwe odalirika kudziwika. Mu 1957 lamulo chinsinsi cha Bungwe la nduna za chiyambi cha ntchito wakhala anayambitsa kukhazikitsa mofulumira-moto mfuti phiri. Tinafika ndi dzina la: kudziletsa injini odana ndege chida "Shilka". Zinali zosavuta: kupanga ndi kumanga izo.

Kodi ZSU kukhala?

kuti amafuna umisiri watsopano m'gulu zosiyanasiyana zinthu, Pakati panali ambiri mwapadera gunsmiths wathu. Nawa ena mwa iwo:

- flak "Shilka" ayenera kumangidwa Rada kudziwa ndege ankhanza.

- likungosonyeza - 23 mm. Iye, ndithudi, waung'ono, koma mchitidwe kumenyana yapita anasonyeza kuti mlingo mkulu wa chotupa kugawikana mlandu mwina chifukwa kuwonongeka, yokwanira n'chongoletsa a nkhondowo imapanga makina tizilomboto a.

- Monga mbali ya dongosolo ayenera kukhala chipangizo basi, ndi aligorivimu amapanga chandamale kutsatira pa mfuti ya, zikubweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo sitiroko a. Ngati tikambirana zinthu m'munsi mwa m'ma XX atumwi, zovuta.

- unsembe "Shilka" ayenera kudziletsa injini, amatha pa mtunda akhakula kuposa thanki iliyonse.

mfuti

The zida zankhondo la Soviet Union kuyambira nthawi Stalin anali abwino kwambiri mu dziko, kotero mu zonse zokhudza "mitengo ikuluikulu", mafunso chikanachitika. N'chimodzi chokha kusankha zosinthika mulingo woyenera kwambiri limagwirira adzapereke (zabwino anamuzindikira ngati tepi). Makinawa mfuti 23 mm likungosonyeza "Amur" ARQ 23 ndi chidwi "ntchito" mu 3400 rds. / Min. Ndinkafunika mu amakakamizidwa madzi kuzirala (zoletsa kuwuma ndi madzi), koma zinali zopindulitsa. chandamale aliyense mkati mwa utali wozungulira 200 mamita 2.5 Km mwayi pang'ono chopulumuka, kumenya ndi mphambano kuona. Makungwa zinkaperekedwa dongosolo olimba, kulamulira udindo wawo kudzera abulusa hayidiroliki. Panali mfuti anayi.

Kodi kuika Rada mlongoti?

Sol-23 "Shilka" amapanga popangidwa ndi chiwembu chakale kulimbana chipinda, aft zosagwiritsa, ndi makina kumbuyo kufala nsanja. Ena mavuto chikanachitika ndi mayikidwe a Rada mlongoti. Pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu kuziyika izo zinali zopanda nzeru, zitsulo mbali akhale nsalu yotchinga ya chizindikiro panamveka ndipo analandira. Ofananira malo kuopsezedwa ndi makina kusokonezeka kwa "kozungulira" akhoza kudziwa malo amene kumachitika nthawi mfuti. Komanso, zikhalidwe za nkhondo amphamvu zamagetsi (naonetsere kusokonezedwa) chaperekedwa ndi njira kulamulira Buku mwa aiming pamaso gunner ndi Redieta kapangidwe zingamulepheretse maganizo. Chifukwa, mlongoti ndi collapsible n'kuliika pa mphamvu chipinda kutsogolo.

Engine ndi galimotoyo

Galimotoyo anaitenga ku kuwala thanki PT 76. Pamafunikanso mawilo msewu umodzi pa mbali iliyonse. Dampers torsion, mbozi ndi bushings mphira, zisindikizo atiteteze kwa avale msanga.

Engine kukakamizidwa (V6R) mphamvu ya malita 280. a., ndi ejection dongosolo kuzirala. Zisanu liwiro HIV, amapereka osiyanasiyana 30 Km / h (mu mtunda kovuta) 50 Km / h (khwalala). Ikuthamanga zosiyanasiyana popanda refueling - mpaka 450 Km / h pamene kwathunthu wodzazidwa akasinja.

Unsembe wa kukumbukira 23 amaperekedwa ndi bwino dongosolo mpweya kusefera wopangidwa mwa dongosolo labyrinthine wa partitions ndi zina mtundu utsi kuipitsa mpweya.

Total kulemera kwa makina - tonnes 21, kuphatikizapo nsanja - matani oposa 8.

zipangizo

Pakompyuta zida umene unathandiza kudziletsa injini odana ndege chida "Shilka", ophatikizidwa mu umodzi dongosolo moto ulamuliro RPK-2M. Dongosolo dongosolo radiopribornogo zikuphatikizapo Rada (1RL33M2, anasonkhana pa chubu mchitidwe m'munsi), pa bolodi kompyuta (nthawi ya kulengedwa kwa wotchedwa machenjerero ake chitsanzo kompyuta), dongosolo la chitetezo kuwasokoneza, ndi kubwerera kuwala viewfinder.

dongosolo amapereka mphamvu kudziwa mipherezero (pa mtunda wa 20 km), kutsatira ake basi (15 km), kusintha kwa chonyamulira pafupipafupi nyemba mu mwambo jamming (kunjenjemera), ndi mawerengedwe a magawo moto kukwaniritsa mkulu kugunda Mwina zipolopolo. Kachitidwe umagwira ntchito modes asanu, kuphatikizapo kuloweza ndondomeko ya chinthu kudziwa mipherezero ake mphete-limagwirizana ndi mfuti pa nthaka.

kulankhulana kunja imagwiridwa ndi wailesi P-123M, mkati - intakomu TPU-4.

Ukalamba ndi zinachitikira

Self-injini odana ndege chida "Shilka" linavomereza kale Bole theka zapitazo. Ngakhale chotero zaka wolemekezeka kwa zida odana ndi ndege, mayiko khumi anayi akadali nacho icho mu nkhokwe ya usilikali. Asilikali Israeli, mu 1973 anakumana ndi mavuto aakulu amene ndege awo makungwa anayi naupereka ichi, akupitiriza ntchito toyesa sikisite anagwira ku Egypt, kuphatikiza zina anagula ina. Kuwonjezera pa mayiko kale anapanga Soviet Union, Soviet odana ndege mfuti okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito mu nkhani ya nkhondo, ambiri m'mayiko a mu Africa, Asia ndi dziko Arab. Ena zinachitikira nkhondowo ntchito kachitidwe mpweya podziteteza nayo nthawi kuchita kumenyana mu Middle East, ndi Vietnam (ndi adani osati ofooka). Pali ena mwa magulu ankhondo a m'mayiko amene kale anali a ku Warsaw ke, ndi kuchuluka. Ndipo kuti ndi mmene kuti: zu 23 paliponse ndipo palibe wina ananenera Zosayiwalika kapena dzina ena amene amadziwika lotha chida.

Wamakono ndipo akuyembekezera

Inde, osati JNA yabwino yakale "Shilka". Anti-ndege inatha mwa kukweza angapo, Cholinga bwino ntchito ndi kuonjezera kudalirika. Waphunzira kusiyanitsa ndege zawo kwa anthu achilendo, ndinayamba kusuntha mofulumira, zamagetsi wabweza midadada yatsopano pa makono mchitidwe m'munsi. Otsiriza "Sinthani" anali mu nineties, pa nthawi yomweyo, zikuoneka, wamakono angathe loipali ndi kutopa. M'malo mwa "Shilka" kubwera "Tunguska" ndi zipangizo zina shading, amene mwayi lalikulu kwambiri. Modern nkhondowo ndege akhoza kugunda zu 23 palibe mtunda iye. Kodi kuchitidwa patsogolo ...