Kusuntha kwaulere

Zochita zamakono ndi chimodzi mwa zochitika zowonongeka kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Kafukufuku wawo amagwira ntchito ndi nthambi zosiyanasiyana za chidziwitso, choyamba, fizikiya. Kuti tiyankhe funso la zovuta zomwe zimatchedwa mfulu, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti gulu ili ndilo loyambirira pophunzira zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamtunduwu zomwe zimachitika m'chilengedwe.

Kusiyanitsa mitundu yawo yotsatizana, yogawa malinga ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi.

Mwachilengedwe zimasiyanitsa pakati pa makina, magetsi ndi osakaniza, kuphatikiza makhalidwe a omwe atchulidwa kale.

Mwa njira yoyendayenda m'madera oyandikana nawo, zotsatirazi zotsatirazi zimasiyanasiyana:

- kukakamizidwa, ndiko kuti, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchitika motsogoleredwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowonongeka za kunja kwa zochitika zomwe zikuchitika. Pankhaniyi, chikhalidwe cha periodicity cha mabvuto amenewa chiyenera kuwonedwa;

- kutuluka kwaulere, komwe kumatchedwanso koyambirira, komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi zipangizo zamkati zomwe zimadziwika ndi kuvomereza, pamene zochita za mkati zimatha kapena kuchepa;

- kudzidzimva - omwe amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mphamvu (mwachangu) mu dongosolo lomwe limatsimikizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa kusokoneza. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti kusuntha kwaulere kumasiyana ndi kudzipangitsa kudzipangira, kukula kwake sikudalira mphamvu yoyamba yoyambitsa mphamvu, koma pa zizindikiro za thupi lomwelo;

- parametric - izi ndizimene zimapangidwira pamene gawo lopatsidwa limaperekedwa mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo lozunguliridwa, lomwe limakhala ngati chiwonetsero cha zinthu zakuthambo;

- osasunthika mwachisawawa ndi omwe zinthu zomwe zimakhudza njira yosasinthira ndizodziwika, osati parametric.

Poganizira mwachidule izi, tingathe kunena kuti mu mawonekedwe ambiri, kusuntha kumabwereza ndi nthawi inayake ya dongosolo linalake mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chake. Malo omwe anthu ambiri amaonetsa kuti ndi osakanikirana ndi chilengedwe, ndizochitika zowonjezereka, mankhwala, mafunde ndi magetsi, zakuthambo, zamagetsi ndi zina. Malo amodzi a mitundu yonse ya oscillations, mosasamala, ndikuti amagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu - kutembenuka kwa mtundu umodzi wa mphamvu kupita kwina.

Monga taonera kale, chiyambi cha kuphunzira pa chikhalidwe cha oscillatory njira ndi kufufuza za mtundu woterewu ngati kusasunthika kwaulere. Zizindikiro zawo zazikulu ndizo zotsatirazi:

- Amplitude (A) - kupasuka kwakukulu kwa dongosolo kuchokera ku chiyanjano chake (nthawi zambiri mtengo wapatali umagwiritsidwa ntchito);

- nthawi (T) - nthawi inayake yomwe ndizotheka kubwereza kubwereza;

- mafupipafupi a maulamuliro omasuka (f) - chiwerengero cha kusuntha komwe dongosolo limapanga mu gawo lina la nthawi. Izi zimayesedwa mu hertz (Hz).

Chiyanjano cha magawowa chikuwonetsera ndondomeko yomwe imaimira kusuntha kwaulere monga chodabwitsa. Kwa machitidwe osiyanasiyana oscillatory, magawo omwe ali mu dongosololi akuphatikizidwa muzophatikiza zosiyanasiyana, malinga ndi momwe akuyendera.

Mwachitsanzo, mu dera losavuta kwambiri, nthawi ndifupipafupi zimagwirizana ndi ndondomekoyi: f = 1 / T, zikuwonetsa kuti nthawi ndifupipafupi ndizomwe zimayendera.

Ngati tiganiziranso kusuntha kwaulere komwe kumapezeka mu kasupe ngati kasupe wokhazikika (k), ndiye kuti tiyenela kutsata lamulo lachiwiri la Newton. Poganizira izi, ndondomeko yomwe ikuwonetseratu zida za mawonekedwe osakanizidwa angatenge mawonekedwe: F = -kx. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati tinyalanyaza mfundo za mphamvu zowonongeka ndikutenga minofu monga nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti dongosololi lidzasunthika nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale ndi amplitudes osiyanasiyana ndi maonekedwe oyambirira a chiyambi chawo.