Dialectical njira cognition wa Hegel

The njira dialectical wa nzeru amaona zochitika zonse ndi njira ya interconnection, kudalirana ndi chitukuko. Dialectics, sayansi, choyamba anatuluka monga luso mkangano: ndi zodabwitsazi anawamasulira zikutanthauza mawu "dialectic". The njira dialectical podziwa dziko linakhazikitsidwa ndi Socrates ndi Enanso ake zikomo chitukuko kwa Sophists. Dialectics ngati kudziwa ndi kusanthula mfundo njira anali akufuna poyamba ndi Heraclitus (aliyense akudziwa mawu wake wotchuka, "Chirichonse uyenda, chirichonse kusintha"), ndipo anayamba kudwala ndi Zeno, Kant ndi otsatira ake ena. Koma mwamtheradi wathunthu ndi changwiro mawonekedwe dialectics, Hegel anaupereka. Choncho, njira dialectical chidziwitso mtundu umene ife tikudziwa izo, anayamba ndi kuperekedwa ndi Hegel wotchedwa dialectic Hegelian.

Mawu a dialectical Hegel ndi njira cognition ndi "galimoto mzimu wa chidziwitso" ndipo amatsatira mfundo kupanga nkhani za sayansi ndiponso kufunika kwa kulankhulana mkati.

Hegel, njira dialectical kukhala phunziro, kusanthula siyana zonse zofunika ndi zofunika za anthu, ndi kukonza malamulo zitatu za dialectics.

Lamulo loyamba - lamulo la kusintha kwa kuchuluka mu khalidwe ndi mosemphanitsa. Lamulo limeneli limafotokoza ndi kuthandauza za njira zawo. Kuti uzigwira ndi lingaliro la "ubwino", "kuchuluka" ndi "muyeso", Hegel anawapatsa mtima ndipo akutchedwa atatu a mtundu kuli maganizo. Khalidwe la anayambitsa dialectics otchedwa mkati tanthauzo la chinthu kapena chodabwitsa, zomwe zambiri amadziwika chinthu kapena chodabwitsa. Quality zosiyanasiyana zochitika moyo ndi zinthu ndi kulunjika awo, kuti limachititsa kusiyanitsa chinthu chimodzi (chodabwitsa) ndi mzake, kulenga zinthu wapadera ndi khalidwe.

Gegel ananena kuti makhalidwe Mkhalidwe wa chinthu chilichonse chimaoneka ndi katundu wake ndi katundu anafotokoza chinthu luso amaphatikiza njira zina, kucheza ndi ikukhudzana bwanji ndi zochitika zina kapena zinthu.

Ponena za kusintha kwa kachulukidwe makhalidwe Mkhalidwe, Hegel anatsindika ndondomeko n'zosiyana: kusintha kwa chiwerengero khalidwe. Wosatha kusintha kwa wina ndi mzake samakana kuli zina zimatha zinthu kapena zochitika, koma zimasonyeza kuti pa nthawi inayake nthawi yeniyeni chinthu chuma akhoza m'malo ndi khalidwe lina limene limatanthauza zikamera wa muyeso watsopano - kutanthauza mgwirizano wa khalidwe ndi kuchuluka. kutembenuka Izi zimathandiza kuti alandire khalidwe latsopano wa chinthu, amene nawonso, kungachititse kuti munthu akafa ku gawo latsopano kachulukidwe.

Lamulo lachiwiri dialectics amatchedwa malamulo ogwirizana ndiponso kulimba kwa zotsutsana (chilamulo cha interpenetration). Pofotokoza lamulo lachiwiri Hegel akuchonderera malingaliro a "adzadziwire", "kusiyana", "kutsutsana", "Mosiyana". chodabwitsa chilichonse, malinga Hegel, chifukwa cha zotsutsana mkati ndi kukana zipani akavalidwe. Choncho Hegel dialectic mbali ndi integrally polarities kuti amatha malumikizanidwe ndi kudalirana.

Lamulo lachitatu la dialectics amanena kuti "negation wa negation." Iye amadziwika zotsatira akukhudzidwira ndi zochita za kusanduka. lamulo zachokera negation wakale ndi maonekedwe a watsopano, kusintha khalidwe wina ndi mzake. Koma iyenela chikhalidwe zitatu: kugonjetsa akale, ndiye kupitiriza kwa chitukuko, ndipo potsiriza, kukondweretsa latsopano.

Pazipilala awa atatu - malamulo zoyambirira za njira dialectical wa nzeru yochokera.