Kapangidwe ka madzi oyera hydra

M'nkhani ino mudzaphunzira zonse za Kapangidwe ka madzi oyera hydra, njira yake ya moyo, zakudya, kubalana.

Kapangidwe kunja hydra ndi

Polyp (kutanthauza "Thalipedes") Hydra - kakang'ono zolengedwa translucent zimene zimakhala bwino madzi mandala mitsinje ndi panopa pang'onopang'ono, nyanja mchere. Nyama cnidarian kapena moyo wongokhala Ufumuyo. Kapangidwe kunja kwa madzi oyera hydra lophweka. Thupi ali zayamba bwino cylindrical mawonekedwe. Pamsonkhano wina wa malekezero ake lili ndi pakamwa umene wazunguliridwa ndi chisoti cha kuchuluka kwa tentacles yaitali woonda (zisanu khumi). Kumapeto zina za thupi ndi yekhayo, imene nyama akhoza Ufumuyo zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'madzi. madzi oyera hydra kutalika kwa thupi ndi kwa 7 mm, koma tentacles akhoza kwambiri kukuza ndi kufika kutalika kwa masentimita angapo.

zozungulira chosokonekera

Tiyeni tione dongosolo kunja hydra lapansi. Tebulo kudzakuthandizani kukumbukira ziwalo za thupi ndi ntchito zawo.

Thupi la hydra, komanso ngati nyama zina zambiri, zikubweretsa wotetezedwa moyo, yodziwika ndi zozungulira chosokonekera. Ndi chiyani icho? Ngati ife kuyerekezera hydra ndipo pamodzi ndi olamulira mapangidwe a thupi, tentacles wa nyama adzakhala mogwirizana kwa olamulira mu njira zonse monga kuwala kwa dzuwa.

Kumanga hydra malinga ndi njira zake za moyo. Iwo zaikidwa ndi adalowetsedwa chinthu, yekha, amatsamira pansi ndi kuyamba kupotokera, akuyendayenda Dera mothandizidwa ndi tentacles. The zokhudza nyama. Popeza misampha hydra mukuyigwira, amene akhoza kuoneka mbali zonse, ngati kunyezimira symmetrical dongosolo la tentacles ndi optimally.

matumbo M'mimbamo

Kapangidwe mkati mwa hydra a tione. thupi liri ngati hydra oblong thumba. makoma ake wapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri maselo, pakati limene extracellular masanjidwewo (mesoglea). Motero, matumbo mkati thupi (chapamimba) patsekeke. Chakudya likulowerera mmenemo kudzera pakamwa. Kodi chidwi n'chakuti hydra, amene panopa sadya kukamwa pafupifupi kulibeko. maselo Ectoderm atsekedwa ndi zinaphatikizidwa komanso ena onse padziko thupi. Choncho nthawi zonse pamaso panu kudya, hydra kuti adzathe kukumba pakamwa.

Kapangidwe ka madzi oyera hydra chololera kusintha malo awo okhala. M'tsinde mwa nyama pali waung'ono kutsegula - aboral amapita. Kudzera kuchokera m'mimba lumen madzi akhoza kumasulidwa, ndi ochepa mpweya kuwira. Ndi njira imeneyi amatha hydra detach kwa gawo lapansi ndi tiwolokere pamwamba madzi. Mu njira imeneyi, ntchito mafunde, izo idatha pa mosungiramo a.

ectoderm

Kapangidwe mkati mwa hydra zokambidwa ectoderm ndi endoderm. Ectoderm otchedwa wosanjikiza kunja kwa maselo kupanga hydra thupi. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa nyama pansi maso, mungathe kuona kuti akutanthauza mitundu yambiri ya maselo ectoderm: obaya, wapakatikati ndi zaminyewa-akulu.

Yaikulu gulu - maselo a khungu-minofu. Iwo funsani mzake ndi kupanga mbali lateral a padziko thupi nyama. Mukachipinda ali m'munsi - cancellable minofu fibril. limagwirira limapereka amatha.

Ndi kuchepetsa fibrils thupi nyama wabwerera, elongates, anaŵerama. Ndipo ngati kuchepa mphamvu zinachitika pa mbali imodzi ya thupi, hydra anaŵerama. Ndiyamika ntchito maselo cinyama kusuntha m'njira ziwiri - "tumbling" ndi "AKUYENDA."

Komanso mu wosanjikiza lakunja imakonzedwa maselo nyenyezi mitsempha. Iwo ndi njira yaitali mu imene anakumana ndi mzake, kupanga amalumikizana limodzi - plexus, entwine thupi lonse la hydra lapansi. Lumikizani maselo mitsempha ndi khungu-akulu.

Pakati zaminyewa-akulu maselo anakonza magulu a ang'ono, anamaliza maselo ndi mtima wapakatikati lalikulu ndi pang'ono cytoplasm. Ngati thupi hydra chawonongeka, ndiye maselo wapakatikati kuyamba kukula ndi kugawaniza. Iwo amatha kuwasandutsa iliyonse mtundu wa khungu.

maselo lobaya

Hydra selo dongosolo ndi chidwi kwambiri, timafunika wapadera kutchula lobaya (nettle) maselo, umene lili ndi gulu lonse la nyama, makamaka tentacles. maselo lobaya ndi dongosolo zovuta. Komanso phata ndi cytoplasm muchipindachi ili vesicular lobaya chipinda mwa amene adagulung'undisa mu chubu abwino ulusi lobaya.

Maselo amapita tsitsi tcheru. Ngati nyama kapena mdani abwera kwa tsitsi, ndi kuwongola wa lakuthwa lobaya filament, ndipo atachotsedwa. Nsonga lakuthwa napyoza thupi la munthu ochitiridwayo, ndipo popitapita mkati thonje njira umaperekedwa poizoni kuti akhoza kupha nyama yaing'ono.

Monga ulamuliro, izo zinayambitsa kwambiri maselo lobaya. Hydra tentacles adani nyama, anakopeka pakamwa pake ndi kumeza. Njoka tochoka ndi maselo obaya, ndipo akutumikira kuteteza. ogwirira Chachikulu musakhudze Chowawa lobaya hydras. Ululu wa hydra mu kuchitapo ake akufanana poizoni lunguzi.

maselo lobaya angathe ogaŵikana mitundu yambiri. Ena chingwe jekeseni poizoni, ena - ndi upholstered padziko woberedwa, pamene ena m'choonadi. Pambuyo ntchito lobaya selo amafa ndi wapakatikati aumbike kwa latsopano.

entoderm

Kapangidwe Hydra imasonyeza kukhalako kwa nyumba monga M'kati mwa maselo, endoderm. Maselo amenewa amakhalanso ndi minofu contractile fibrils. Ntchito yawo yaikulu - chimbudzi. maselo endoderm secrete m'mimba madzi mwachindunji mu lumen wa matumbo. Muulamuliro wake limeneli ndi unagawika particles. Maselo ena endoderm ndi michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana wathunthu kukhala paulendo. ntchito yawo - kukoka particles chakudya maselo, amene nawonso, kutulutsa phazi onyenga ndi kuwagwira chakudya.

Chimbudzi akupitiriza mkati maselo, wotchedwa okhudza maselo ambiri. Kukonzedwa chakudya vacuoles, ndipo zotsala undigested ali ejected kudzera pakamwa. Kupuma ndi kumasulidwa kumachitika mwa pamwamba thupi. Taganiziraninso kapangidwe ma ya hydra lapansi. Tebulo adzakhala bwino kutero.

bongo

Kapangidwe ka hydra ndi kuti akhoza kumva kusintha kutentha, mipweya ya madzi, komanso kukhudza ndi zikuchitika ena. Maselo mitsempha ya nyama akhale osangalala. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kukhudzidwa ndi nsonga ya singano, mbendera anazindikira mwa zowawa za otsala maselo mitsempha adzakhala anasamutsidwa, monga maselo mitsempha - kwa zaminyewa-akulu. Khungu ndi minofu maselo anatani ndipo kuchepa, ndi hydra adzakhala wothinikizidwa mu mpira.

Zimenezi zingachitike - chooneka bwino chitsanzo cha reflex lapansi. Izi chodabwitsa zovuta wopangidwa mwa magawo mzaka - amaonera kuwalimbikitsa, ndi kufala kwa malemeredwe ndi ayankhe. Hydra ndi dongosolo lophweka, kotero wonyong'onya ndi bongo.

kusinthika

Kapangidwe ma ya hydra walola kuti buluzi nyama ting'onoting'ono. Monga tanena, maselo wapakatikati inali pamwamba pa thupi, zikhoza lidzasinthidwa mtundu wina uliwonse.

Ngati kuwonongeka kwa maselo a thupi ayamba wapakatikati mofulumira kugawanitsa, kukula ndi kuchotsa mbali akusowa. Bala amachiritsa. Hydra luso regenerative ali kwambiri moti ngati kudula mu theka, gawo limodzi kukula tentacles latsopano ndi pakamwa, ndi zina - tsinde ndi yekhayo.

agamobium

Hydra angathe kubereka onse asexual ndi kugonana m'njira. M'mikhalidwe yabwino m'chilimwe pa thupi la nyama limapezeka kugundana yaing'ono, khoma bulges. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chitunda chikamakula, Ayala. Kumapeto kwake pali tentacles yopuma pakamwa.

Choncho pali hydra wamng'ono olumikizidwa kwa phesi kholo thupi. Zimenezi amatchedwa budding, popeza ofanana ndi chitukuko cha mphukira zatsopano mu mbewu. Pamene achinyamata Hydra ndi wokonzeka kukhala paokha, izo masamba. Mwana ndi akuchikazi chamoyo Ufumuyo kwa tentacles gawo lapansi ndi kukoka mu madera osiyana mpaka linagawanika.

syngenesis

Pamene iyo iyamba kukhala ozizira ndipo analenga zinthu akumane, pakubwera kwa kubereka. Mu yophukira wa hayidiroliki wapakatikati anayamba kupanga maselo nyongolosi, amuna ndi akazi, ndiye dzira ndi umuna maselo. Dzira maselo hydras ngati amoebas. Lalikulu, yokutidwa ndi phazi onyenga. maselo umuna ali ngati flagellate mogwirizana, akhoza kusambira mothandizidwa michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana, ndi kusiya thupi la hydra lapansi.

Pambuyo umuna akulowa dzira, mtima wawo lama fuyusi ndi umuna kumachitika. Pseudopodia ukala maselo dzira pafupi, iwo adzakhale ndi chipolopolo amakhala thicker. Anapanga dzira.

ndi hydra onse m'dzinja, ndi isanayambike nyengo yozizira, akuphedwa. thupi la mayi limaphwasuka kusandulika, koma dzira amakhalabe moyo ndi nyengo. M'chaka zimayamba mwachangu kugawa, maselo imakonzedwa mu zigawo ziwiri. Ndi isanayambike nyengo yofunda, hydra pang'ono akuswa chigoba cha dzira ndipo amayamba ufulu.