Njira cognition

Njira - mndandanda wa njira ndi ntchito ntchito zinthu zothandiza kapena ongolankhula. Njira zinthu monga mawonekedwe a kumvetsa chenicheni.

Njira malinga ndi mfundo ubale cognition Public ndi Private magawo onse (konsekonse), onse sayansi (general zomveka) ndi simenti njira sayansi. Komanso, iwo ali m'magulu malinga ubale wa chidziwitso wazotsatira ndi ongolankhula pa njira ya wazotsatira kufufuza njira wamba kufufuza wazotsatira ndi ongolankhula, komanso - phunziro mwangwiro ongolankhula.

Kumbukirani kuti nthambi zina za sayansi ntchito yeniyeni, simenti njira zawo sayansi kuphunzira zochitika ndi njira, amene chifukwa ndicho chinthu pansi kuphunzira. Komabe, pali njira lililonse la sayansi ena, bwinobwino ntchito zina chidziwitso. Mwachitsanzo, thupi ndi mankhwala njira za kafukufuku ntchito zamoyo, monga zinthu phunziro monga zamoyo ndi mitundu thupi ndi mankhwala kuli ndi zoyenda pa nkhaniyi.

njira General wa kugawana nzeru pa dialectical ndi akamabadwa. Awa amatchedwa ambiri aumunthu.

Dialectical adza kwa chidziwitso cha chowonadi ndi mtima wosagawanika ake, chitukuko, ndi zotsutsana ake mwachibadwa. Akamabadwa ndi zosemphana dialectic, iye amasanthula zochitika popanda kuganizira ubwenzi wawo ndi njira za kusintha nthawi. Padziko cha m'ma XIX akamabadwa njira m'malo dialectical.

General zomveka kudziwa njira monga kaphatikizidwe, kusanthula abstraction, mwachidule, kupatsidwa ulemu, deduction, kufanizira, mawerengeredwe, mbiri yakale komanso njira yoyenera kulingalira.

Analysis - ndi kuwonongeka kwa chinthu ku zigawo zake. Kaphatikizidwe - kucheza cognized zinthu zina wagawo wina. Generalization - kusintha kosangalatsa maganizo kwa munthu kwa ambiri. Abstraction (idealization) - kusintha maganizo chinthu kuphunzira malinga ndi zolinga za phunzirolo. Kupatsidwa ulemu - Kupha kamba ambiri mfundo inayake chidwi. Deduction - mawunikidwe a zinthu onse mfundo imeneyo. Kufanizira - ndithu ndi Nkosatheka mapeto pa kuli kufanana zinthu ziwiri, zochitika za chizindikiro chinachake. Kayeseleledwe - chilengedwe potengera chitsanzo analogi ndi katundu onse chinthu pansi kuphunzira. The njira zakale - kubalana mfundo kuchokera ku mbiriyakale ya chodabwitsa pansi kuphunzira mu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira zawo, anapatsidwa tsatanetsatane ndi ngozi. Kukamba njira - Play History of chinthu kafukufuku ndi kumasula izo kuchokera zonse mwangozi inessential.

Njira kudziwa wazotsatira ogaŵikana muyeso, kuonerera, kufotokoza zimenezo ndi poyerekeza.

Penyetsetsani - bungwe ndi cholinga kuzindikira za chinthu kuphunzira. Kuyesera - isiyana ndi ziganizo kuona kuti zikukhudza ntchito yosatha ya ophunzira. Muyeso - ndondomeko kuchuluka kufananitsa nkhaniyo ndi muyezo kapena wagawo ndi. Mu sayansi, ganizirani katundu wachibale wa chinthu kuphunzira poyerekezera ndi awa kufufuza ndalama.

Njira ophatikizana ongolankhula kudziwa formalization, axiomatization, hypothetic-deductive njira.

Formalization - yomanga zitsanzo umboni ndi masamu, amene umalimbana ndi Kuwulura akamanena za chinthu akuphunziridwa. Axiomatization - kulenga ziphunzitso zochokera axioms. Wonenedwa-deductive njira ndi kulenga zikugwirizana malingaliro deductive imene ife tikhoza mfundo wazotsatira za mfundo kuphunzira.

The mitundu ndi njira chidziwitso mbali imodzi. Mu mitundu ya chidziwitso kumvetsa sayansi mfundo, malingaliro, mfundo, mavuto maganizo, mfundo, magulu ndi malamulo.