Dola US. Inde History

Masiku ano, dziko lalikulu ndalama - US dola. Mbiri ya njira ya ndalama izi motsutsa ruble Russian kunayamba chifukwa ufulu wodzilamulira, United States ndi mapangidwe a chuma cha boma utangoyamba kumene.

Mu zaka za m'ma XIX. US ndalama ndi Russian Ufumu anali cholengedwa yekha. Paper banknotes akhala anadzetsa makope pokhapokha chiyambi cha Civil nkhondo mu United States, ndiko 1861-1865 gg. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu kachitidwe Russian Ufumu awiri kufanana ndalama opareshoni: ndalama Silver ndi banknotes.

Kusintha dola ndi ruble kuti chiyembekezo chakuti ya muyeso wa golide

Kuyambira April 2, 1792 mtengo wa ndalama US anali wolimba zogwirizana golide. Lamulo limeneli anali mulibe lamulo la Congress US. Malinga ndi chisankho anakhazikitsa makhalidwe zosasintha ya dollar golide. Choncho, dola imodzi kulemedwa magalamu 1,60493 kapena 24,75 mbewu, ndi mtengo wake motsutsa ndalama za Tsarist Russia anali 1 1,39 rubles. mitengo anthu anakhalabe mu malo mpaka 1834, pamene anaganiza perekani chagolidi dollar zotsatirazi magawo: mbewu 23,25 kapena 1,50463 ga golide. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo dziko ndalama US ndi ruble linasinthidwa ndi 1 1.3.

Mu 1897 kusintha yagwiridwira Witte. Chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi njira ya watsopano golide ruble ndi dola US zikutsatiridwa pa 1,94. Mgwirizano woterowo chinakhalapo mpaka chiyambi cha First World nkhondo.

Vuto mlingo mu nthawi pambuyo zisinthe

Komabe, zochitika chosintha mu Russia, ndi Civil nkhondo ndi zotsatira chipwirikiti zachuma anayamba limagwirira ya zoopsa devaluation wa ruble lapansi. Choncho, ngati mu 1916 chiŵerengero ya dollar US ndi ruble anali pa mlingo wa 1 ndi 6.7, ndiye kuti chaka patangotha US dola kusinthitsa ndalama anakonzeka 11. Kenako, mpaka kulengedwa kwa USSR ruble depreciated mofulumira. Ndiyeno panali dollar kwambiri. Mu 1924, boma la Soviet Union zinachitikadi kusintha ndalama zomwe yathandiza kwambiri pa dongosolo zoweta ndalama. Soviet ruble anamukwiyira mothandizidwa ndi golide chimodzimodzi monga izo zinali mu masiku a Russian Ufumu. Choncho, linakhalanso ndi mlingo chakale ruble ndi dola US - 1,94. Isanafike 1934, kuphatikiza, chiŵerengero likugwiritsidwa pafupifupi sichinasinthe.

Mu 1934, United States ali mu "Great Depression" - chodabwitsa chimene chakhudza osati boma lokha, komanso dola. History of kusintha njira. Gold thandizo la ndalama US wakhala yafupika. Pa nthawiyo anali ofanana magalamu 0.888661 wa chitsulo chabwinocho. Soviet ruble analimbitsa ndi dola, ndi zolemba anali 1 1,24 mokomera ndalama US.

Zaka khola mlingo atathana

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1950 anakhazikitsa khola kusinthitsa ndalama za ruble Soviet mwachibale kwa dziko ndalama unit wa ku United States pa mlingo wa 1 mpaka 4. Zimenezi sichinasinthe mpaka kukhazikitsa kusintha ndalama ku Soviet Union mu 1961. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi kwa zaka khumi anakhazikitsa chiŵerengero amodzi pakati pa ndalama awiri pa mlingo wa rubles 0,90 pa dola. Mbiri ya ndalama American motsutsa ruble ku nthawiyo mpaka kugwa kwa USSR kanthu chidwi mosiyana.

kusinthasintha kusinthitsa ndalama mu 70-90-ntchentche

Mu zaka wotsatira, Union ruble motsutsa US wagawo ndalama zonse fluctuated. kusintha anali zotsatira za zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo devaluation ya dola. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1972 ndi 1973. chiŵerengero anali pafupifupi 80 masenti pa dola. maphunziro History otsatirawa zaka 15, analemba kulimbitsa ruble wa, mkulu mitengo kuwombola nkhani za 75 masenti pa dola. Kumene, ngakhale mu zaka panali otchedwa "wakuda msika", pomwe dola anali ofunika kwambiri. Koma zofunika kwambiri pa nsanja malonda anagula mu 80s, pamene boma la Soviet Union anali mu sagwirizana ndi ruble Soviet mwalamulo anapitiriza kulimbitsa ndi ndalama US. Ngakhale mwalamulo dola anali ofunika 60 kopecks, mlingo malonda a Bank State wa Soviet Union anali 1 1,75 ndi dola ndi ndalama US mwakatangale zikhoza kugulidwa kwa 30-33 ruble Soviet.