Mbali yakutsogolo kwa chipembedzo. Ndi mbali iti kutsogolo bilu imatengedwa?

Aliyense banknote, kaya ndalama kapena banknote amakhazikitsa "nkhope" ndipo makamaka, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo mbali. Komabe, nthawi zina munthu wosadziwa zovuta kumvetsa pamene mbali yakutsogolo kwa bilu ndipo pamene mbali kumbuyo. Kumene, kulipira katundu, kudziwa zimenezi si chofunika, koma nkhani zofunika, nthawi zina lachinsinsi tanthauzo kwa anthu ena.

Ali obverse

Avers - otchedwa mbali yakutsogolo kwa banknotes kapena ndalama, ndipo pali dzina kuchokera ku mawu French avers kapena adversus Latin, kutanthauza "zinayang'ana nkhope."

Mu anthu ambiri ndi mabuku wapadera palibe kugwirizana momwe kuzindikira "nkhope" wa banknote lapansi. Aliyense boma ali ndi ufulu kukhazikitsa malamulo awo pankhaniyi. Komabe, pali ena mfundo zikuluzikulu za tanthauzo la obverse lapansi. Choncho, pa mbali kutsogolo, monga ulamuliro, ndi achokera:

• chithunzi a kazembe, pulezidenti (panopa kapena kale) mutu wa boma;
• State chizindikiro kapena chizindikiro cha dziko; nthawi zina zimachitika kuti zizindikiro anayikidwa pa mbali zonse, ndiye obverse ndi limodzi limene pali chizindikiro chachikulu cha mphamvu, udindo wapamwamba kapena ikuluikulu kukula;
• nthano, dzina ya boma, malo;
• dzina la banki opereka.

Ndipo ngati munthu

Komabe, nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mbali yakutsogolo kwa banknote alibe chilichonse zizindikiro zakumwamba. Kodi zimenezi zingatheke bwanji? Pa nthawi imene fano limene limapezeka pa bilu si chithunzi kapena malo losaiwalika, amawaona kuti obverse mbali zosiyana zomwe aikidwa chipembedzo banknote, kapena pamene nambala siriyo.
Milandu yovuta kwambiri ayenera amatchula mndandanda zofunika m'dziko limene inakhazikitsa tilipire. Komabe, lamulo limeneli likukhudza kwambiri ndalama, chifukwa iwo ali ndi danga laling'ono kwambiri, malo amene akusiyana zonse kukhala kovuta.

Chifukwa kusintha "nkhope" mu ruble ndi

banknotes Russian komanso ndi zizindikiro obverse phunziro kwa malamulo ambiri. Komabe, panthawi zosiyanasiyana, zizindikiro zimenezi chosiyana anali m'goli: pafupifupi nthawi zonse zithunzi za mafumu anaiika mbali yakutsogolo kwa banknotes Russian, ndipo mu nthawi Soviet anasintha chithunzi cha mtsogoleri wa proletariat V. I. Lenina, analipo pa zolemba banki laphindu. Komabe, pambuyo 1991 zokhumba mphamvu, ndipo pamodzi nacho boma Inde ndale zinasintha kwambiri, ndipo posakhalitsa anafunika yatsopanoyi, pamene chithunzi cha Vladimir Ilyich msanga m'malo chithunzi boma la Russia ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya boma, ndi linga lalikulu la dziko. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mpaka pano mbali kutsogolo kwa bilu Russian banknotes unatha kuonetsa zithunzi, kuti kudalira pa malamulo a boma. Zifanizo za mizinda ndi zipilala chikhalidwe Musatenge ndi underpinnings maganizo ndipo adzakhala zogwirizana nthawi iliyonse.

The Russian squadron

Mbali yakutsogolo kwa chipembedzo cha 100 rubles wa nyemba mu 1993 anali chokongoletsedwa ndi chifaniziro cha Senate nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin ndi Russian galu, anaika pa mzikiti wanyumbayi. Kwenikweni, fano ngati pa nthawi anali pa ngongole obverse wa chipembedzo chirichonse, koma kale mu 1995, chirichonse chasintha kutikopa anali chikalata zolemba zatsopano mu zipembedzo wa 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 ndi 500 zikwi rubles .. Koma latsopano "centesimal" anaonekera pang'ono kenako - January 1, 1998.

kumanja kwa bilu amene anaika chithunzi pansipa, ali ndi chithunzi quadriga, Roma awiri mawiro galeta okokedwa ndi akavalo anai. Galeta mkuwa wa Apollo decorates Kukhonde wa Moscow Bolshoi Theatre. Poyamba, fano adali banknote Matchalitchi 000 pakani. Koma pambuyo chipembedzo mu 1997 kavalo "n'kakang'ono" ndendende nthawi 100 chikwi ndi wotanganidwa malo a ulemu ndi kale pa banknote zipembedzo 100 rubles. Mwaichi, mazana awonongedwa lero, koma October 30, 2013 lofalitsidwa latsopano "Olympic" chamadzulo banknote 100 rubles. Ukuimira kuti zotsatira unayambitsidwa ndendende zana masiku pamaso kutsegula kwa Games Olympic. Mbali yakutsogolo kwa chipembedzo cha 100 rubles ndi wamaseŵera otsetsereka pachipale chofeŵa chithunzi ziyerekezo pa masewero a Olympic, ndipo pa nsana kumaoneka stylized firebird, kuuluka pa Olympic Stadium "Fischt". Kufalitsa okwana "mazana Olympic" makope 20 miliyoni, ndipo ena a iwo anamasulidwa mu bokosi mphatso.

masauzande chipembedzo

The obverse ngongole zikwi mu 1993 anali ndi chifanizo cha mbendera pa Senate nsanja, mu kalata 95 TH banki anali angandisindikizirenso kachiwiri. kumanja kwa banknotes wa rubles 1000, amene anapita ku makope September 29, 1995, perpetuates Vladivostok zokopa - kunsonga ya ndime rostral mu mawonekedwe a wamphepo "Manchuria" omwe anakhazikitsidwa pakhomo kumzinda mu 1982. Chithunzi chachiwiri pa obverse ndi chifaniziro cha doko la nyanja ya Vladivostok ili wotchuka Bay a Golden Horn, amene yokha ali ndi mbiri wolemera. Komabe, mu "chikwi" zinatha osati kale kwambiri - anadza chipembedzo, ndipo anatenganso ndalama zatsopano. 1 January 2001 adaona kuwala kwa latsopano banknote 1000 rubles Russian, obverse ake okongola chipilala kuti Grand Prince Yaroslav Wanzeru anamangidwa mu ulemu wa anayambitsa mumzindawo a Yaroslavl. Chithunzi chachiwiri pa obverse wa banknote ndi Chapel Kazan Dame mkhalidwe wa Yaroslavskyy Kremlin. Pamene zimenezi, "masauzande" alipo lero. Ngakhale kuti iye anali kawiri angandisindikizirenso, maonekedwe izo sanasinthe chinaonjezedwa digiri ya chitetezo.

The lodalirika

Aliyense boma ikupereka banknotes yake, izi sitingazipeze unkayenera kusamalira za chitetezo cha kudalirika kwawo. Ndithudi, palibe chinsinsi kuti banknotes onyenga ndi ndalama - ndi kachitidwe chigawenga, koma, mwatsoka, kudziwa zimenezi sangathe kuletsa achinyengo, wofunitsitsa kuti apeze. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro choona cha uniformly anagawira padziko lonse wa bilu koma zina, ambiri a iwo anapatsidwa kwa Aversa.

Mwachitsanzo, kutsimikizika pa zinthu zambiri kumaoneka pa mbali kutsogolo, ali:

• moire chitsanzo - malo apadera, kusintha mtundu ake ndi zooneka iridescent Mzere;
• kuloza zotsatira - fano zobisika zomwe Tingaone okha kuganizira bilu pa ngodya lakuthwa;
• Tags infuraredi - gawo la fano ali ndi pawiri wapadera kuti ali ndi mphamvu kuwala mu infuraredi;
• embossed lettering - mwapadera kwa bwinobwino;
• microperforation - chipembedzo banknotes, odzaza ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono kwa bwinobwino;
• ndi siriyo chiwerengero ili malo makamaka;
• kugwiritsa ntchito fano ntchito inki optically variable.

Kumene, pali zinthu zina - watermarks, ulusi chitetezo, zolemba maginito, lemba yaying'ono, mikrorisunok, kuteteza zachitsulo ulusi, ndi zina zotero, koma nthawi zambiri pano kupezeka kapena mu makulidwe a bilu yokha.

Kodi ndalama kubanki sadzavomereza

Koma chodabwitsa mokwanira, koma nthawi zina ndalama ya simungathe kulandira, ngakhale ali wowona. Banks ali achoka kufalitsidwa (popanda obwezeredwa) ndalama zimene zinasonkhedwa amenewa:

• yafooka moti likusokonekera;
• anachokera ku kufalitsa (kumapeto kwa kuwombola zaufulu akuti);
• Banknote gawo, amene m'dera ndi zosakwana 55% ya kukula awo oyambirira;
• ngongole, kuonongeka ndi madzi, moto, mankhwala, ngati limodzi ndi magawo anawononga yosakwana 55% ya malo koyamba;
• komanso salola banknotes, ngati n'zosiyana kapena kutsogolo mbali ya ndalama si wa zipembedzo awiri, manambala, kapena ngati iwo ali wodzikonda kwambiri: kupanda chitetezo ulusi kuwonongeka aakulu kapena m'malo a chithunzi kusintha mu mtengo mwadzina wa banknote mu ngodya;
• N'chimodzimodzinso ndi wosweka, kusema banknotes zidutswa zingapo glued, ngati ndi mbali ya lonse lapansi ndi zosakwana 55% a m'deralo.

zizindikiro ndalama

Chabwino, tsopano inu mukudziwa pamene mbali yakutsogolo kwa bilu choncho nthawi yolankhula za wotchuka kwambiri, ndipo iwo amati, zothandiza kudzachitika zokhudzana obverse. Ngati mukufuna kuti ndalama zonse zinali ikuchitika ambiri, m'pofunika kuwachitira ulemu. Akukhulupirira kuti ndalama wanu chikwama adzaikidwe mosamalitsa obverse kwa mwini wake, ndipo mu dongosolo yeniyeni - kuchokera apamwamba ku chotsikitsitsa, kotero kuti pamene inu kutsegula chikwama ndalama zazikulu kwambiri ndinayang'ana inu molunjika mu nkhope. Ndipo Mulimonsemo, ndalama sayenera kunama "mozondoka" - kungakhale "kukwiya" ndi kusiya. Munthu amakhulupirira ku maula, ena satero, koma inu kutembenuzira nkhope zanu kwa ndalama si yovuta, kotero yesetsani kupewa inu - mwadzidzidzi ntchito?