Dongosolo National malipiro a Russia. Chilamulo Federal "Pa National Malipiro System"

The System National la Russia makadi malipiro wakhala anapanga pa maziko a Chilamulo Federal № 112 pachibwenzi May 5, 2014. Cholinga cha mapangidwe ake akutumikira kuonetsetsa kupezeka, moyenerera ndiponso kupitiriza makonzedwe a misonkhano zokhudza kulanda ndalama. Tiganizire moposera mmene dongosolo mitundu makadi malipiro Akuluakulu a ku Russia.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo National malipiro inayamba mu 1990. Mu 1992 izo unachitikira interbank midzi ndi mfundo za STB Khadi. malipiro dongosolo "Union Khadi" analengedwa ndi 1993. Ndi 1999 iye anagwirizana 457 mabungwe banki ndi othandizana nawo awo. Ogula kuti anamasulidwa makadi malipiro opitirira mamiliyoni atatu. "Golden Korona" unapangidwa mochedwa 1993. Ndi 2014, dongosolo malipiro adzabweretsa pamodzi mozungulira 87 mabanki kuti chikalata makadi oposa 8. Mu October 1994, bungwe lotsogolera wakhala anapanga. The kanthu kwa pochimanga a Moscow GTU Bank of Russia. Komiti unakhazikitsidwa makamaka kudziwika oyambirira mavuto kugwira ntchito kwa midzi interbank. Izi adzalola kuti mphamvu zothandiza pa kuwonongedwa kwa mavuto ndi kuonetsetsa kuwombola maganizo ndi mabungwe banki zokhudza kuwombola zambiri. Monga mmodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri m'Komiti ya kulimbikitsa mapangidwe ndi kusintha kwa pulasitiki makadi dongosolo mu Moscow.

Background mapangidwe a

Atalipenda zinachitikira lonse, Moscow State University zaumisiri anazindikira kuti Russia ali ndi mwayi wapadera ntchito mchitidwe lonse, makamaka France, kupita pa njira yachidule. Chifukwa chaichi kunali koyenera kugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa za mabungwe kubanki. Moscow State University zaumisiri waona udindo wake mu ndondomeko izi mu mgwirizano ophunzira mu mapangidwe dongosolo logwirizana khadi mu Moscow. Komabe, ambiri a mabungwe yaikulu ku banki ali zopezera nthambi ili mu madera osiyana a Russia. Zimagwira malipiro dongosolo kuti tikhale ndi mtundu wonsewo.

ntchito gulu

Mogwirizana ndi mmene zinthu ziliri, GTU Moscow kuloza cholinga cha ntchito yake mu thupi wamkulu wa Bank of Russia. Gulu Ntchito inkakhala akatswiri oposa makumi awiri. Komanso kutsogolera Bank of Russia awa akuimira Moscow State University zaumisiri, Association mabungwe banki zoweta. Anthu a Gulu la kugwira ntchito yaikulu komanso reunification. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka monga Sberbank, "Agroprom", "Inkom" SBS-Agro "ndi ena. Ntchito ndi Gulu akugwira ntchito ndi Kukhuta. FAGCI bungwe. Bungwe wamkulu mu mawu kachulukidwe anali makamaka akuluakulu a makampani ngongole.

Madera a ntchito za gulu Ntchito

khama thupi anali pa zolinga izi:

1. Development wa ntchito zolembedwa za Bank of Russia, kupereka makope ndi ntchito zinthu pulasitiki kupanga wotuluka ndalama la Russia.
2. Development wa National Malipiro System.

Kumasulira Project anayamba kupanga natuma utsogoleri Russian wa Bank. Kenako (pambuyo kutha kwa ntchito za gulu Ntchito) anali kuimaliza kukonza ndi wovomerezeka. chikalata ichi ndi kachitidwe koyamba, zomwe ndi Lamulo dongosolo dziko malipiro khadi (NBTS). Ponena za funso lachiwiri ntchito yogwira Gulu ntchito anabwera m'ma 1996. Pa nthawi imeneyi, thupi analowa siteji ya chitukuko ndi mapangidwe ntchito woyendetsa ndege, m'menemo mudali kuchita dongosolo National makadi malipiro. NBTS, malinga ndi zimene akatswiri a Monetary Fund World, kungafune $ 5 miliyoni. Ndalama zimenezi ayenera kukhala zokwanira kugwiritsa maukonde. Mu mgwirizano wa Fund 50% ya ndalamazo Monetary anali allocated mwachindunji yekha, ndipo hafu inayo azibweretsa Russia ku magwero ake. Mawu a makampani khadi, amene alipo zikuchokera Gulu la Ntchito nthawi imeneyo, anali wokonzeka ndalama 50% ya polojekiti. Iwo anatsimikizira mgwirizano wawo makalata boma. Koma, monga kasamalidwe Bank a Russian waganiza kuyesetsa ake pa chitukuko cha madera ena a dongosolo malipiro kwa m'ma 1996, kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zina za Komiti ya International komanso mwachindunji ndi Gulu ntchito mipingo. khama Control akhala makamaka lolunjika pa mapangidwe ntchito kwa anasamutsidwa wa zinkafuna ndi ntchito zambiri ndi ndalama.

2000

Kuti Russian dziko dongosolo malipiro kuyamba kugwira ntchito, kunali koyenera ndondomeko zolimbana ndi AIDS. Pa chiyambi cha chitukuko sanali ntchito yake. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mu 2000s oyambirira. Iwo watengera angapo malamulo. Komabe, m'kati kuvomereza malamulo mfundo zingapo zofunika anasowa. Mu siteji yotsatira ntchito ndalama zoyendetsera ntchitoyi salinso ataima. Komabe, magombe analephera kufika kuuzidwa za amene ndendende adzalandira izo phindu. Ikulu msika zokolola gulu ankafuna. gawo ili amapanga revenues kwambiri ku komishoni chifukwa wotuluka lapansi. Ngakhale mabanki Russian anavomera, msika lidagawikana mwa machitidwe malipiro mayiko "Master Khadi" ndi "Visa". Makampani ena m'banja ndalama amakuonani ndi gulu mgwirizano. Makasitomala a mabanki izi serviced ATMs kucheza ndi anthu onse. Gulu lalikulu kwambiri imatengedwa "United Kwawokhawokha Network." Kumafuna 100 ATMs a mabanki.

dongosolo National malipiro a Russia: sitepe yotsatira

Mu 2010 izo ikuchitika chitukuko cha malamulo umalimbana malamulo makonzedwe a misonkhano oyang'anira tauni ndi boma. madalitso ake m'gulu kuti adzayamba ukugwirira ntchito dongosolo malipiro dziko mu Russia, ndi processing wa wotuluka zoweta kunja adzakhala yoletsedwa. Komabe, popeza kuti nakokera tcheru wa ofesi ya kazembe US mu Moscow. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti mu nkhani ya kusiyidwa kwa bilu popanda kusintha kwa kampani "Master Khadi" ndi "Visa" adzautaya msika ndalama za US $ 4 billion .. Pa nthawiyi akazembe unalembedwa uthengawo analandira udindo waukulu yaboma la America. Mawu a ndodo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti amapezerapo mwayi pa msonkhano ndi anzake ku Chitaganya cha Russia kupereka kuthamanga otsiriza kusintha tilipire. Ife Motero kupereka chitsimikizo kuteteza zofuna za makampani American, nadzatonza kuthekera kuvulaza iwo. Mu lofalitsidwa kuchita kwina kuletsa processing wotuluka zoweta kunja.

Chilamulo Federal "Pa National Malipiro System"

Iwo anavomerezedwa mu 2011. Chilamulo Federal "Pa National Malipiro System" akulongosola maukonde monga ya mawu, amatenga ndalama. Act akufotokoza mfundo zofunika lolamulira makonzedwe a misonkhano. Mchitidwe normative anafotokozera za malamulo amene ayenera ntchito dongosolo malipiro dziko. Kapangidwe maukonde unakhazikitsidwa pa maziko anauyamba lamulo. Pamodzi ndi izi anatsimikiza dongosolo limene kuyang'anira ndi co-Kudzozedwa. Komabe, Chilamulo sichinkanena kusamalira dongosolo la makadi dziko malipiro ndi kuletsedwa kwa processing wa wotuluka Russian kunja.

zosankha zofunika

Anatengedwa mu 2011. Pochita zimenezi za chilengedwe cha khadi chilengedwe pakompyuta, precluding nawo mu ndondomeko ya kachitidwe mayiko "Master Khadi" ndi "Visa". Pa nthawi yomweyo Sberbank walonjeza kuti amayesetsa n'chongoletsa ndi "lobbyists Intaneti izi mu boma la Russia." Ndi chiyambi cha 2013 Bank ku Central wapanga m'kaundula wa ntchito. onse machitidwe malipiro amene ankagwira ntchito ku Russia zasintha m'munsi izi. Pakati pawo, iwo anali akutali, adali ndi wapadera kufunika chikhalidwe. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, anali wachinsinsi monga: Contact, maukonde "VTB" ndi ndalama Bank, "Golden Korona", "Master Khadi", "Visa".

2014

Mu March chaka kuti US woyikidwa ziletso ndi Russia mogwirizana ndi kulolerana omaliza Crimea. "Master Khadi" ndi "Visa" kachiwiri mu mbiri ya ntchito khadi anasiya angapo a mabanki zoweta ena ATMs ndi mfundo kugulitsa maukonde lonse. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kachiwiri funso lokhudza chakuti mu Russia pazikhala dziko dongosolo malipiro. Russia amafunika maukonde yake popanda boma ubale mu dziko. Pa nkhani imeneyi, yokonza angapo kusinthidwa kwa lamulo anatengera unayambitsidwa. Iwo ankayenera kuti atsogolere mfundo ndi zomangamanga wa kutsekedwa ndondomeko anasamutsidwa ndalama ndalama mkati la Russia. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kudula ndi ntchito malo a - nzika za National Malipiro System - adzaikidwe mwachindunji m'dera la dziko. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Act amapereka loletsa pa makonzedwe a mwayi ndi kulanda mudziwe kudziko lina kuti mudziwe wotuluka m'banja latsopano la Russia. Kumapeto kwa March 2014 anayamba mwachangu kukambirana kugwiritsa ntchito miyeso zofunika. Pulezidenti V. V. Putin ovomerezeka mapangidwe a System National mwa kulamula posachedwapa Zitatero Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa ake.