Dziko organic ya Atlantic Ocean: mbali ndi malongosoledwe

Dziko organic ya Atlantic zimadalira kutentha, amenewa ndi zinthu zina zomwe madzi a mbali imeneyi ya Utumiki wa chitetezo. Zikhalidwe za moyo wa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera. Choncho, pali malo zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe mu Atlantic, ndiponso madera osauka kumene chiwerengero cha mitundu ya nyama mu makumi osati mazana.

Udindo wa zamoyo mu zachilengedwe MO zovuta

Dziko organic ya Atlantic Ocean akukumana chidwi zotsatira wautali madzi m'dera kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera. The zosiyanasiyana za nyama ndi zomera m'madera ambiri mwa alumali chokhala, mvula ochokera m'dziko ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Nyanja danga, pansi ndi mafunde mumakhala zikwi zamoyo za maufumu osiyana zachilengedwe Earth. Nyama ndi zomera - zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri zovuta achilengedwe. Akukumana ndi zotsatira za nyengo, madzi zikuchokera ndi katundu wa miyala imene pansi. Nalonso dziko organic ya Atlantic Ocean anakopa zigawo zina za chilengedwe:

• algae zathu madzi ndi mpweya;
• kupuma kwa zomera ndi nyama kumabweretsa kuchuluka zili mpweya woipa;
• mafupa a chambiri coelenterates amapanga maziko a moti matanthwe ndi zilumba zimenezi zili;
• zamoyo kuyamwa madzi kuchokera salt mchere, kuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo.

Organic Atlantic World (mwachidule)

Kutentha ndi amenewa n'zofunika kwambiri kwa zolengedwa tosaoneka moyo amapanga zomera ndi algae. Awa ndi zizindikiro zofunika kwa Nekton - nyama, free-akuyandama mu ndime madzi. Features mpumulo alumali ndi seafloor anatsimikiza umoyo wa zamoyo benthic - benthos. Mwa gulu ili, pali zambiri coelenterates ndiponso nkhanu. Pali zinthu zingapo zochititsa wa zikuchokera mitundu, amakhala dziko organic ya Atlantic Ocean. Photos pa nyanja, pansipa, amapereka mwayi kuona zosiyanasiyana benthos mu M'madera a zitunda subtropical ndi otentha. Olemera nsomba madzi amangokhala madera tima kuswana zomera ku mabacteria kotentha ndi otentha. Mu chigawo pali zosiyanasiyana seabirds ndi nyama zam'madzi. Mkulu M'madera a zitunda kumpoto ndi kum'mwera cha kuchuluka kwa mbalame zosiyanasiyana zimene kudyetsa padziko madzi, free kwa ayezi, ndi madera kuswana akumanga pagombe.

timayandama

algae Unicellular ndi mbali yofunika ya zomera ndi. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo diatoms, buluu wobiriwira, flagellates ndi zamoyo zina ting'onoting'ono angathe photosynthesis. Iwo anthu ndime madzi akuya 100 m, koma osalimba pazipita zimawonedwa choyamba mamita 50 kuchokera pamwamba pake. The mwamphamvu cheza dzuwa m'miyezi yotentha kumabweretsa chitukuko mofulumira timayandama - "ukufalikira" madzi M'madera a zitunda kotentha ndi kumalo ozizira ya Atlantic Ocean.

zomera lalikulu

Photosynthesizing wobiriwira, wofiira, algae zofiirira ndi mitundu ina ya zomera MO - yofunika kwambiri zovuta achilengedwe. Ndiyamika zomera kulandira mpweya chifukwa kupuma ndi zakudya lonse organic dziko la Atlantic Ocean. Mndandanda wa nthaka zomera kapena phytobenthos zikuphatikizapo osati algae, komanso oimira angiosperms kuti ndinazolowera moyo mu madzi mchere, monga kubadwa Eelgrass, Poseidonia. Awa "udzu nyanja" amakonda dothi lofewa sublittoral mawonekedwe pa yakuya 30 50 mamita meadows m'madzi.

oimira Chitsanzo cha nyama ya alumali chokhala mu mabacteria ozizira ndi wofatsa pa mbali zonse za equator - kelp, wofiira algae (whelk). Iwo amagwira ku miyala pansi miyala umodzi. M'madzi zomera mu zone otentha a osauka chifukwa cha kutentha ndi insolation ndithu.
kufunika chuma algae:

• bulauni (kelp) - kudya kutumikira kwa ayodini, potaziyamu ndi algin;
• wofiira algae - zipangizo za chakudya ndi mankhwala mafakitale;
• bulauni Sargassum algae - gwero la algin.

zooplankton

Timayandama ndi mabakiteriya ndi chakudya cha nyama zamiyendo Inayi tosaoneka. Momasuka akuyandama mu ndime madzi, iwo zimapanga zooplankton. Bukuli lili oimira chabwino kwambiri cha nkhono za. Chachikulu amaphatikizidwa mu meso- ndi macroplankton (ctenophores, siphonophores, modabwitsa, cephalopods, nkhanu ndi nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono).

Nekton ndi benthos

Pali gulu lalikulu la zamoyo m'nyanja, anatha kupirira mavuto madzi kusuntha momasuka nkhaniyi, iye. luso nyama m'madzi a sing'anga ndi makulidwe lalikulu.

• Nkhanu. M'chipembedzo subtype izi nkhanu, nkhanu ndi nkhanu za mtundu.
• Nkhono. oimira Chitsanzo cha gulu - scallops, mamazelo, nkhono, nyamayi ndi nyamayi.
• Nsomba. Genera ndi mabanja a superclass ndi ochuluka kuposa - anchovies, nsombazo, plaice, sprat, nsomba, nyanja yoimba, capelin, yekha, pollock, haddock, nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere, sardines, hering'i, nsomba ya makerele, m'nyanja zikuluzikulu nsomba, hake.
• Zokwawa. A ochepa oimira - akamba nyanja.
• Mbalame. Kufunafuna chakudya mu madzi, anyani, albatrosses, petrels.
• M'madzi nyama. Vysokorganizovannye nyama - anamgumiwa, zinsomba, zisindikizo, zisindikizo.

Maziko a nyama benthic mmwamba, zikubweretsa pansi pa njira Ufumuyo a moyo, monga coelenterates (ngale).

Features zomera ndi nyama mitundu ya Atlantic

1. Mu gawo kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa beseni ndi ikusonyezedwa pamaso pa zinyama a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi genera.
2. mitundu zomera pang'ono, koma misa okwana ukufika mfundo zochititsa chidwi, makamaka mu zoni Nyengo. Chogwidwa ndi diatoms, foraminifera, pteropods ndi copepods (krill).
3. Mkulu kwachilengedwenso zokolola - chizindikiro umene wafala mbali ya dziko organic ya Atlantic Ocean. Zimasiyana osalimba a moyo madzi osaya pafupi ndi cisumbu ca Newfoundland, madzi kum'mwera kumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa gombe la Africa, nyanja mmphepete ndi kum'mawa United States alumali, America South.
4. Otentha woyendera nthambi, monga tatchulazi, - malo akumane kwa timayandama.
5. Nekton zokolola za Atlantic Ocean pa alumali ndipo chokhala otsetsereka ndi apamwamba kuposa madera ofanana nyanja pafupi. Osakhala nsomba kudya timayandama ndi zooplankton (anchovy, hering'i, nsomba ya makerele, kavalo nsomba ya makerele, ndi ena). Mu madzi lotseguka ndi malonda kufunika tunas.
6. Mitundu kuchuluka kwa nyama - imodzi mwa mbali ya dziko nyama ya Atlantic Ocean. M'zaka zapitazi, iwo akhala akukonza chiwonongeko chapadera cha, chiwerengero ali utachepa.
7. tizilombo ting'onoting'ono Miyala si osiyanasiyana monga ku Pacific beseni ndi. Sikuti nyanja njoka, ndi akamba.

Pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zimafotokoza zambiri pathupi izi zomwe dziko organic ya Atlantic Ocean. Mapeto kwa onse pamwamba amanena izi: zifukwa zosiyana zokhudzana ndi m'lifupi yaing'ono ya Atlantic mu zone otentha, patsogolo m'madera osatentha komanso kumalo ozizira. Koma Pacific ndi nyanja Indian ali kwambiri monga mwa kotentha. Chinanso zimene zinapangitsa umphawi wachibale wa Atlantic nyama kutentha wachikondi - mphamvu ya glaciation wotsiriza, amene anachititsa kuzirala kwambiri kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.

Dziko organic ya Atlantic: maofesi nsomba

Kotentha ndi otentha M'madera a zitunda mu hemispheres kumpoto ndi kum'mwera ali olemera mu moyo. Mulinso mitundu ina ya nsomba za mtengo malonda, - anchovies, pollack, nsomba, m'nyanja zikuluzikulu hake, ndi ena. Iwo ncho nyama: Nyama ndi mikango nyanja. Mitundu ina ya zinthu kwachilengedwenso umaimiridwa ndi mollusks, nkhanu, zofiirira ndi wofiira algae. Ocean zomerazi kudyetsedwa kwa ziweto ndi processing mafakitale. ngale ambiri ndi chakudya chokoma, amtengo m'khitchini a mayiko ambiri (oysters, nyamayi, nyamayi, scallops). Khalidwe lomwelo angaperekedwe kwa nyama nkhanu, kuphatikizapo nkhanu za mtundu, nkhanu ndi nkhanu.

Nsomba ndi kupanga nsomba intensively ikuchitika pa shelufu ndi m'dera la otsetsereka chokhala. Koma masiku ano nawo makope zachuma madzi madera amene kale anakumana osati mphamvu anthropogenic chikoka. Choncho, kulimbikitsa mavuto a zachilengedwe osati m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso nyanja lonse.