"Dzina la Rose" Umberto Eko: mwachidule. "Dzina la Rose ndi": Makhalidwe chachikulu, zochitika zazikulu

Il Nome Della Rosa ( «Dzina la Rose") - buku limene anakhala kuwonekera koyamba kugulu mu pulofesa mabuku pa University of Bologna semiotics Umberto Eco. buku loyamba inafalitsidwa mu naintini handiredi ndi chaka eightieth m'chinenero choyambirira (Italy). ntchito yotsatira wolemba, "Foucault a Pendulum", anali zochepa bwino ndi bwino kugulitsa wolemba potsiriza kwa anthu dziko mabuku kwambiri. Koma M'nkhaniyi tiona retell chidule cha "Dzina la Rose." Pali awiri Mabaibulo za chiyambi cha dzina la buku la. Wolemba mbiri Umberto Eco amatanthauza nthawi ya nominalists mikangano ndi moyenera, amene kukanganira za zimene tidzakhalabe dzina la duwa, ngati duwa idzapita. Koma dzina buku la amanena mzere nkhani yachikondi. Atafa wake wokondedwa, Adson ngwazi simungathe ngakhale kulirira dzina lake, chifukwa sakudziwa.

Roman- "matryoshka"

Tinachita "Dzina la Rose" - kuipidwa kwambiri ndi m'zigawozigawo. Mlembi wa oyamba amaika owerenga n'zotheka kuti zonse zimene anali kuwerenga bukuli adzakhala chinyengo mbiri. Kuti yomasulira ena kupeza "tate wa Mfundo Melk Adson" mu Prague mu 1968. Buku ili mu French, lofalitsidwa mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Koma ndi ndemanga ya Latin mawu a m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, amene nawonso, ndi buku la chimaliziro pamanja wa m'zaka za zana lakhumi. Pamanja analenga mmonke wa Melk. kafukufuku mbiri ya umunthu wa wolemba zolemba zakale monga alembi a m'zaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, sizinabala zipatso. Choncho woyambitsa buku la angakaphe filigree ntchito yake yaikulu zochitika m'mbiri mwachidule. "Dzina la Rose" lili ndi zolakwika zalembedwa. Ndi kuti, buku ovuta a mbiri maphunziro. Koma zimene zinachitika tiyenera kudziwa kumvetsa intricacies a chiwembu?

The nkhani mbiri imene zimene buku la (chidule)

"Dzina la Rose" amatanthauza m'mwezi wa November limodzi zikwi mazana atatu ndi makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri. Ngakhale Ulaya ndi logwedezeka ndi ndewu achipembedzo. Papa Curia ali "Avignoni ukapolo" pansi pa chidendene cha mfumu French. Yohane twente-chachiwiri akumenyana ziŵiri. Pa dzanja limodzi, iye ankatsutsa Woyera wa Chiroma Mfumu Louis wachinayi wa Bavaria, ndi pa zina - wakhala kumenyana atumiki awo Mpingo. Frantsisk Assizsky, chinali chiyambi cha dongosolo kumene kumakhala Amonke wa Friars Minor, iye anayima pa umphawi mtheradi. Iye aacemera kupereka chuma m'dzikoli kutsatira Khristu. Atamwalira Francis ayambitsa moyo wapamwamba wa curia papa anaganiza kutumiza ophunzira ake ndi otsatira m'makoma obisika. Iwo anapanga kugawanika musachoke m'gulu la anthu a Order. Iye anayima kuchokera Francis Spirituals, amene anapitiriza kuima pa malo umphawi utumwi. Papa ananena ampatuko, nayamba crackdown a. Mfumu anatengerapo mwayi kwa investiture mlandu wake, ndipo anathandiza Spirituals. Motero, iwo adzakhala ndi chidwi zandale. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, magulu anavomera kukambirana. Mothandizidwa ndi mfumu Francis nthumwi nthumwi za papa anali kukumana mu wolemba akamuuze ya agulupa m'malire a Savoy, Piedmont ndi Liguria. Mu mthunzi ichi ndi zikuchitikazo ndi zochitika zazikulu za buku la. Kumbukirani kuti zokambirana za umphawi cha Khristu ndi Mpingo wake chabe chophimba kumbuyo zomwe zimayambitsa yomangika nkhani zandale.

ofufuza za mbiri yakale

Erudite owerenga adzakhala kumvetsa kugwirizana Eco buku nkhani za Conan Doyle. Pakuti ichi mokwanira kudziwa mau ake. "Dzina la Rose," Zikuoneka kuti ife monga mosamala anati Adson. Pomwepo akubwera amanena za Dr. Watson, amene anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kufufuza mnzake Sherlock Holmes. Kumene, ngwazi awiri a buku ndiwo Chimonko. Wilhelm Baskervilsky, ang'ono lawo zimene zimapangitsa ife kumbukirani nkhani ya Conan Doyle za galu yolakwika pa akumathandizika, anali Benedicto obisika m'malo mwa mfumu kukonzekera kukumana ndi nthumwi za Spirituals wa curia papa. Koma mwamsanga pamene iwo ali novice Melk Adson anabwera ansembe, monga zochitika zinayamba kwambiri moti anagwira mtsutso pa nkhani ya umphawi ndi Mpingo wa Atumwi chakumbuyo. buku la amayikidwa mu nthawi ya sabata limodzi. Bakuman kupha kuti kutsatira mmodzi, nthawi zonse wowerenga mu suspense. Pezani chifukwa cha zonse mwa imfa zimenezi chifukwa cha Wilhelm, nthumwi, waluntha zaumulungu ndipo umboni ndi kukambirana wake ndi Bernard Guy, Inquisitor kale. "Dzina la Rose" - buku la mtundu wanyimbo wa anthu ofufuza buku.

Monga nthumwi amakhala wofufuzayo

Benedicto obisika, kumene iye ankayenera kuti msonkhano wa nthumwi ziwiri, Francis William wa Baskerville ndi novice Melk Adson kufika masiku pang'ono chiyambi cha kutsutsanaku. Patapita ake, maphwando anali kufotokoza mfundo zawo zokhudza umphawi wa mpingo amene analowa m'malo mwa Khristu ndipo kambiranani kuthekera kubera General Mikhail Spirituals Tsezenskogo ku Avignoni mpando wachifumu wa upapa. Koma kufika pa zipata za obisika, ndi zilembo zazikulu kukumana Chimonko, anathamanga kukafuna Mayi wothawa. Apa Wilhelm zinadabwitsa aliyense ndi "deductive njira" (amanena wina kuti Umberto Eco Conan Doyle), ponena kavalo ndi kuloza ku malo a nyama. Abbot, Abbon, nakantha kwambiri Francis malingaliro kumupempha kuti athane ndi vuto la imfa zachilendo, zomwe zinachitika mwa mpanda wa agulupa lapansi. Pansi pa phompho thupi Adelma anapezeka. Zimangooneka ngati anavula ku zenera utapachikika phompho la nsanjayo, wotchedwa yeniyeni. Abbon mawuwa kuti akudziwa chinachake za mikhalidwe ya imfa ya zojambulajambula Adelma, koma kumafuna lonjezo mwachinsinsi wa wongodzinenera lapansi. Koma timatha William kufufuza ndi mafunso ansembe onse kudziwa wakupha.

Kachisi

Abbon kulola wapolisiyo kuti tione mbali zonse za obisika, kupatula laibulale. Iwo amatanganidwa wachitatu, pamwamba pansi yeniyeni - chimphona nsanja. Laibulale anali ulemerero wa stacks waukulu mu Europe. Linamangidwa ngati n'kovuta kwabasi. Access kwa izo ankayenera okha mabuku Malaki ndi wachiwiri wake, Berengar. Chachiwiri pansi yeniyeni wotanganidwa scriptorium, komwe ankagwira ntchito yokopera ndi illustrators, mmodzi amene anali mochedwa Adelmo. Atakhala ndi kusanthula deductive, Wilhelm anazindikira kuti palibe amene anaphedwa pa zojambulajambula, koma analumpha kuchoka pa makoma mkulu wa agulupa, ndipo thupi lake anatengedwera ku makoma a kachisi wa Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga pa. Koma zimenezi si mapeto a buku ndi ndemanga zake. "Dzina la Rose" kumakoleza owerenga mu mavuto nthawi zonse. mtembo wina anapezeka m'mawa. Kuzitcha izo kudzipha kunali kovuta: thupi kutsatira za chiphunzitso Aristotle Venanzio kumutulutsira a mbiya ya magazi nkhumba ndi (Khirisimasi akubwera, ndi agulupa anapha ng'ombe kwa kupanga sausages). Iye anapha kugwira ntchito scriptorium lapansi. Ndipo zinapangitsa Wilhelm kusintha kwa laibulale mwachinsinsi. The mwambi wa kukhotakhota anakhala chidwi atatha Repulse la Malaki. Iye wosakwatiwa-handedly kusankha mupereke kupempha buku lake Chimonko, kunena mfundo yakuti zapamwamba muli zambiri zachikunja ndi mipukutu ampatuko.

scriptorium

Popeza anavomereza kuti laibulale, amene adzakhala pakati pa Nkhani chiwembu cha buku la "The Dzina la Rose", mawonekedwe William ndi Adson kuwononga nthawi pansi lachiwiri la Kachisi wa. Kulankhula kwa achinyamata mlembi Benz, wapolisiyo lapeza kuti mu scriptorium chete, koma, koma mwaukali zimatsutsana mbali ziwiri. Chimonko Young ali wokonzeka kuseka, pamene Chimonko mkulu kunena zosangalatsa tchimo zosavomerezeka. Mtsogoleri wa chipani ichi ndi akhungu mmonke Jorge slyvuschego San Giusto. Iye wapanikizika ndi ziyembekezo eschatological wa kubera Wokana Kristu ndi mapeto a nthawi. Koma draftsman Adelmo zimenezi mosamala akuonetsedwa nyama oseketsa bestiary kuti comrades ake sakanatha kuzemba kuseka. Benz kuzembera kuti masiku awiri asanamwalire Illustrator tacit atasemphana mu scriptorium inasanduka nkhondo mawu. Ilo linali funso la lagamula a fano oseketsa malemba zamulungu. Umberto Eco amagwiritsa nkhani kuthetsa chinsinsi: Laibulale buku kuti akhoza kuthetsa mkangano mokomera Gululi zosangalatsa. Berenguer anafuula kuti kuli ntchito, omwe amagwirizana ndi mawu "kunja Africa".

imfa zokhudzana pa zomveka ulusi

"Dzina la Rose" - ndi postmodern buku. Olembedwa mu mawonekedwe a William Baskervilskogo wochenjera parody wa Sherlock Holmes. Koma, mosiyana ndi London ofufuza, akale wofufuzayo sanali kuyenderana ndi zochitika. Iye sangakhoze umbanda ndi kupha kutsatira aliyense. Ndipo ichi tikuona kafungo "Indians Khumi Little" ndi Agatha Christie. Koma kupha onsewa, njira ina yogwirizana ndi buku mwachinsinsi. William Phunzirani More Adelma kudzipha. Berengar anamukakamiza iye kuti sodomitskoy kulankhulana, kulonjezedwa kwa mtundu umenewu iye akanakhoza kuchita monga mabuku wothandizira. Koma zojambulajambula sindikanakhoza kupirira kuopsa kwa uchimo ndi kuulula adathamanga. Ndipo chifukwa confessor anaumirirabe Jorge, Adelmo sanathe muchepetse moyo, ndipo mosimidwa, anatenga moyo wake. Kumufufuza Berengar sizinayende: ankakhalako. Poona kuti zinthu zonse mu scriptorium kugwirizana ndi bukhu, Wilhelm kudutsa Adson usiku mu nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito malemba mobisa, amene anaphunzira podsmotrev kwa mabuku wothandizira. Koma mulaibulale anali ndikuyenda zovuta. Zimphona monga anapeza njira, anakumana ndi zotsatira za mitundu yonse misampha: .. Akalirole, nyali ndi chakumwa kutsitsimuka kwa mafuta, etc. ndi Lost Berengar anapezeka akufa mu kusamba. Kumene kumakhala Amonke dokotala Severin limasonyeza Wilhelm zachilendo zizindikiro wakuda pa zala zake ndi lilime wa womwalirayo. Yemweyo anapezeka kale mu Venanzio. Severin ananenanso kuti anataya botolo la mankhwala chakupha kwambiri.

ndale zazikulu

Ndi kufika kwa agulupa ya Nthumwizo awiri limodzi ndi ofufuza akuyamba kukhala ndi "zandale" chiwembu mzere wa buku lakuti "Dzina la Rose". Buku ndi zonse zofooka mbiri. Choncho, inquisitor Bernard Guy, anafika pa ntchito zamtendere amayamba kufufuza osati achikunja zolakwa, ndi milandu - kupha m'makoma obisika a. Mlembi wa buku la plunges owerenga mu vicissitudes mikangano zamulungu. Nthawiyi Wilhelm ndi Adson chachiwiri kudutsa ku laibulale kuphunzira dongosolo la wachinyamata. Iwo anali, "kupitirira Africa" - mwamphamvu zokhoma chipinda mseri. Nthawiyi, Bernard Guy zosayenera yekha, kuweruza ndi magwero a mbiri yakale, njira wotsogolera kupha. Iye anamangidwa ndi mlandu wothandizira ufiti dokotala, poyamba dolchinianina Balthazar ndipo wopemphapempha-mtsikana amene anabwera ansembe kukagulitsa matupi awo nyenyeswa za pa refectory lapansi. mtsutso Scientific pakati oimira curia ndi Spirituals amakhala zazing'ono nkhondo. Koma mlembi wa buku amatenga owerenga kumbuyo kwa ndege ya zamulungu mu yosangalatsa mtundu wanyimbo ofufuza.

kupha chida

Ngakhale William anali kuyang'anira nkhondo, ndinazindikira kuti Severin. Iye ananena kuti wapeza m'buku lake chipatala zachilendo. Mwachibadwa, zimenezi ndi yemweyo amene analamulira kuchokera Berengar laibulale monga thupi lake anapezeka mu dziwe pafupi chipatala. Koma Wilhelm sangachoke, ndipo patapita kanthawi onse uthenga ozunguza imfa ya dokotala. Chigaza Severin anali zikukhudza, ndi upandu powonekera analandidwa cellarer Remi. Iye anati anapeza dokotala kale akufa. Koma Benz, kwambiri mwamsanga-witted wamng'ono wa Chimonko, anati kwa William iye anathawa kuchipatala woyamba, ndipo anatsatira pambuyo ziwalo. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti mabuku Malaki anali kuno ndi kwina kubisa, kenako wosakaniza ndi khamu la anthu. Pozindikira kuti dokotala wakupha sanabadwe anatha kukhala bukhu, nditaima pano Berengar, William amayang'ana pa m'mabuku onse kunoko lapansi. Koma amanyalanyaza mfundo yakuti malemba angapo m'mipukutu akhoza stapled mu buku limodzi. Choncho, buku la zapoluchaet zambiri luso Benz. Buku "Dzina la ndemanga Rose 'owerenga si kanthu wotchedwa m'zigawozigawo kwambiri. chiwembu amatenga owerenga ku ndege chachikulu ndondomeko. Iwo likukhalira kuti Bernard Guy anabwera ansembe ndi cholinga chinsinsi kusokoneza nkhani. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iye anagwiritsa ntchito zidamugwera adakhala kupha. Ankamunena milandu ya dolchinianina kale, kukangana umene umawalekanitsa Balthazar achikunja maganizo Spirituals. Choncho, ndi onse a iwo gawo la mlandu.

Kuthetsa chinsinsi cha buku zachinsinsi ndi chingwe umbanda

Benz anapatsidwa kuti Malaki, ngakhale popanda kutsegula izo, chifukwa iye anapatsidwa malo a mabuku wothandizira. Ndipo anapulumutsa moyo wake. Pamene masamba a buku akhala impregnated ndi poizoni. zotsatira zake ndi kuchisonyeza yokha ndi Malaki - Iye anafa mwa ululu basi pa Misa. Lilime ndi mosavuta anali wakuda. Koma apa Abbon anaitana William ndipo molimba akulengeza kuti ali kusiya malo a mmawa wotsatira. The abbot kukhulupirira kuti kupha anali Kuthetsa zambiri pakati muzhelozhtsami. Koma Francis dzina lake wofufuzayo sinditi kupereka. Ndipotu iye anabwera pafupi Kuthetsa chithunzi. Iye adzamasulira ufike chipinda "kunja Africa". Ndipo pa usiku chimodzi anakhala pa obisika ndi Wilhelm Adson kachiwiri kudutsa mu laibulale. "Dzina la Rose ndi" - buku Umberto Eko, amene nkhani loyenda pang'onopang'ono, monga chete mtsinje, ndi osauka mofulumira yonthunthumilitsa a. Mu chipinda mseri alendo sanatiitane kale kudikira akhungu Jorge. Mu manja ake Buku - anataya buku limodzi lokhali ntchito "choseketsa," Aristotle, gawo lachiwiri la "Poetics". Izi "imvi kadinala" amene anali kugonjera onse, kuphatikizapo abbot asanachoke kuona tsamba ankawaviika m'buku amadana poizoni, choncho palibe munthu angathe kuwerenga izo. Aristotle kum'lemekeza kwambiri mwa azaumulungu a Zapakati. Jorge ankaopa kuti ngati kuseka adzakhala zikutsimikiziridwa ndi ulamuliro, ndiye dongosolo lonse unagwa a zake, zomwe iye ankaona kuti Mkhristu yekha. Pa ichi iye anathamangira ku msampha ndi mwala abbot anathyola limagwirira chimatsegula chitseko. Akhungu mmonke amapereka Wilhelm kuwerenga bukhu. Koma ataphunzira kuti amadziwa chinsinsi cha mapepala poizoni anaziviika-, iye akuyamba kuyamwa mapepala a. William amayesa kuchotsa kwa buku lakale, koma mwangwiro motsogozedwa mwa ndikuyenda kuthawa. Ndipo pamene zikuwachitikira, kukokera kunja nyali ndi kuponyera mu mizere ya mabuku. Anakhetsa mafuta yomweyo chimakwirira zikopa moto. Wilhelm ndi Adson mozizwitsa kupulumutsidwa ku moto. Yeniyeni lawi kuti azikatumikira ku nyumba zina. Patapita masiku atatu, pa malo obisika olemera pokhapokha kusuta bwinja.

Kodi pali khalidwe nkhani postmodern?

Nthabwala, allusions ndi maumboni ntchito zina za mabuku, ofufuza nkhani, superimposed pa nkhani za mbiri yakale m'zaka za m'ma cinai - si ndicho "tchipisi" zonse kumalimbikitsa owerenga "Dzina la Rose." Analysis mankhwala limachititsa adzaweruza kuti kuonekera ndimasewera zobisika tanthauzo lakuya. The protagonist si William wa Canterbury, ndipo ndithudi osayenera zolemba Adson wolemba. mawu ichi, chimene Pofuna kuzindikira gawo kukuletsani ena. Vuto la ufulu mkati analeredwa ndi wolemba ndi kumene reinvented. Kaleidoscope makoti ntchito wotchuka mu buku si monga kupanga erudite wowerenga kumwetulira. Koma pamodzi ndi syllogisms zoseketsa, timakumana ndi staging nkhani zofunika kwambiri. Mfundo imeneyi wololera, luso kulemekeza dziko chilengedwe munthu wina. Nkhani ya ufulu wolankhula, choonadi kuti ayenera 'analengeza kwa madenga a "zimatsutsana ndi ulaliki wa wosalakwa monga yomalizira, kuyesayesa kuti asanene mfundo yake view si motsimikiza mtima, koma ndi mphamvu. Pa nthawi imene nkhanza igil kulengeza mfundo European kosati mpatuko, buku Zikuoneka kuti ngakhale zogwirizana.

"Ndemanga pa" Dzina la Rose ndi "Minda"

Pambuyo buku la buku mu nkhani miyezi anakhala bestseller. Owerenga chabe wapanikizika woyambitsa "Dzina la Rose" makalata ndi mafunso za bukulo. Choncho, naintini chaka eyite-wachitatu wa Umberto Eco anavomereza akadali chidwi mu "zasayansi kulenga". "Ndemanga pa" Dzina la Rose "Minda" olembedwa zoseketsa komanso zimasangalatsa. Mu woyambitsa bestseller ndi kuwulula zinsinsi za buku bwino. zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo amasulidwe buku mu kuunika kwa "Dzina la Rose" anatenga filimu. Director Jean-Zhak Anno nawo kuwombera wa ochita wotchuka. Shon Konneri mwaluso ankaimba udindo wa William Baskervilskogo. Young, koma luso kwambiri wosewera Kristian Sleyter inasanduka Adson. Mufilimuyi ankayenda bwino kwambiri pa ofesi bokosi, wolungama ndi ndalama padera mu izo, ndi mphoto zambiri pa kinokonkursah. Koma iye anali aathabusa Eco anatengera izi. Iye anakhulupirira kuti wolemba kwenikweni wakhala wosalira mankhwala ake, kupanga mankhwala a chikhalidwe misa. Kuyambira pamenepo, wakana onse otsogolera, amene anafunsa za n'zotheka kuti filimu ntchito yake.