Feteleza "Baikal EM-1": ntchito ndi ndemanga

MwaukadauloZida Russian wamaluwa ndi mankhwala "Baikal EM-1" wakhala kuyambira 2000. The ntchito feteleza zovuta amalola kukolola mpaka kanayi kuposa oyamba yosavuta organics. Mwatsoka, siyense amene ali chipiriro kuwerenga malangizo mosamala ndi kuchita mogwirizana ndi malamulo osavuta.

Chirengedwe cha EM Technology

ulimi organic alipo kuyambira chiyambi cha kulima dziko. Koma yojambula weniweni chitukuko cha organic (EM) luso lapadera kuonjezera zokolola ndipo chonde nthaka, wakhala chilengedwe ndi ambiri "Baikal EM-1". N'chifukwa chiyani tikutero asayansi yaitali anakwanitsa kutulutsa fetereza "Baikal EM-1"?

Ntchito organic kuonjezera chonde nthaka - phwando, nthawi anayesedwa. Ngakhale likukhalira kuti, ngati kuti dziko la feteleza, monga ukuwonjezeka zokolola tingayembekezere okha mu zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, ndiye zonse ndi kumbuyo: ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ndi chopinga wa mbewu. Chifukwa chiyani?

Research chernozems asonyeza kuti tidziwe dothi kukhala yaikulu mabakiteriya - pafupifupi biliyoni 2.5. Izi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono wotanganidwa processing zatsalira organic mu mchere ndi pawiri zovuta organic, synthesizing kufanana macromolecular pawiri - asidi humic. Ndi zidulo awa ndi kulenga malo zakudya dothi zomera. Kapena kuti kusintha chonde n'kofunika kulenga zinthu abwino moyo tizilombo nthaka kuti achulukane ndi iwo sanafe, ndiye yekha kupanga wosanjikiza yachibadwa dothi nalo. Ndipo kuti kuyamba moyo zinyama yogwira:, nyongolotsi, ndi tizilombo mphutsi, etc. Kuchokera mawonedwe nthaka ndi zothandiza kwambiri. , Nyongolotsi, anadutsa mbali zotsala za organic kanthu ndi nthaka mchere zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Kuchokera pamwamba tinganene kuti kumabweretsa tizilombo mutengeko nthaka,, nyongolotsi kukula - ndi kukolola zikuluzikulu sakhala ndakudikiriritsani. Koma kunapezeka kuti chirichonse chiri zambiri zovuta: mwa tizilombo ndi onse zothandiza (regenerative) ndi tizilombo (osachiritsika). Woyamba ukule zomera, yotsirizira kupondereza iwo. tizilombo A bwanji makamaka anafooka (odwala) zomera. Kuti m'pofunika onse opindulitsa ndi tizilombo tizilombo. Mfundo lonse ndi kuonetsetsa bwino awo 2/3 1/3 regenerative ndi osachiritsika.

Chilengedwe cha chotero kudalirana mosamala tizilombo zopezera 1988 Japanese wasayansi Teruo Higa. (Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti mu zaka 30 za mazana makumi awiri, woyamba asayansi Soviet chinkhoswe m'magazini ino.) Chifukwa cha ntchito yake inali kupeza regenerative tizilombo 86, ndipo amatchedwa EM (ogwira tizilombo). Ndi mmene akuonekera chinayamba m'mayiko ambiri ulimi wa sayansi EM. M'mayiko ambiri wasanduka ndondomeko boma. The chidwi kwambiri anasonyezedwa kwa iye, m'mayiko monga Japan ndi England. Japan watenga njira ya ntchito ndi anthu, kulimbikitsa iye luso EM-sayansi. Mu England, boma limalipira alimi kukhalabe njira zaulimi okha ndi ntchito yokonzekera EM.

Patapita zaka khumi, ndi Russian wasayansi PA Shablin anatha kulenga mankhwala apadera, "Baikal EM-1". Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo anasonyeza pazikhala kufanana ndi m'madera ena, ndi othandiza kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Japanese. Russian fetereza mtengo kwambiri m'munsi.

State kulembetsa ndi dzuwa

Madivelopa mankhwala anayesetsa kutsimikizira mphamvu ya "Baikal EM-1". Ntchito mankhwala kuti tsiku analola akuluakulu onse.

Aliyense chilengedwe moyo (padziko zomera, nthaka, zinyalala kwachilengedwenso) pa kukhudzana ndi "Baikal EM-1" amamva zotsatira wopatsa moyo: chitukuko amakhala kuberekana kwambiri lidzayeretsedwa ku tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo ndi mankhwala zoipa.

mayesero mankhwala anali kwa zaka zinayi mayiko CIS ndi zigawo Russian. Mabungwe akuluakulu kafukufuku zaulimi (State ulimi Academy dzina la Timiryazev (Moscow), agrarian State University dzina la Ni Vavilov (Saratov),) Onse-Russian Institute for ulimi Microbiology (St Petersburg) akuchita kafukufuku wina ofunika. Inafotokoza ayambe Mtheradi wa nthaka ndi kuwonjezeka zokolola. Ngakhale kuti malonjezo digito kupereka (monga kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi ya feteleza mchere) kuli kovuta - zotsatira amachititsa nambala yaikulu zinthu: boma ndi chikhalidwe cha kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka, lolondola ndi mphamvu ya ntchito.

pangakhale zotsatira

Trends mu ntchito feteleza organic zochokera "Baikal EM-1" motere:

• Kugwiritsa chisanadze akuwukha mankhwala kuthandiza ulimi pafupifupi 10%, nthawi zina 60%.
• Kupopera kukonzekera mmera "Baikal EM-1" ya 1: 1000 kumawonjezera zokolola 30%.
• Pamene mlungu kupopera zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kupereka zokolola zichuluke 50 150%.
• Ntchito kukonzedwa bwino EM-kompositi angadwale zokolola ndi 200-600%.

nkhani khalidwe

Zotsatira kachulukidwe, malinga ndi boma wakale nthaka, si nthawi zonse khola. zizindikiro Mkhalidwe ali wolimba pamene ntchito fetereza "Baikal EM-1":

• Ntchito ya mankhwala kumawonjezera kusunga khalidwe la mitundu yozizira ya zipatso.
• M'madera onse kulamulira amalembedwa kusintha kukoma khalidwe la zipatso.
• Mu phwetekere zipatso kuchuluka anasonkhana adzakhala kawiri, kuchokera nkhaka - atatu zingwe mitolo zidutswa mpaka zisanu.

Potaya ntchito ziwembu kulamulira monga mwa malangizo a mankhwala «Baykal EM-1» Reviews nkhawa ndi kukula kukula zipatso. Ichi ndi chifukwa kukwaniritsidwa kwa zomera angathe awo majini mu malo abwino okhala.

kuchuluka chitetezo chokwanira

Zomwe kulimbikira zomera matenda tizilombo ndi mafangasi - mmodzi wa ntchito madzi feteleza "Baikal EM-1". Reviews wamaluwa pambuyo chaka choyamba cha ntchito zotsatirazi:

1. Complete ufulu kwa choipitsa mochedwa.
2. Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha (nthawi zina mofulumira awo) za tizirombo zofunika oopsa.
3. Kuwonjezeka zopezera chilala ndi oyambirira chisanu.
4. EM-kompositi manyowa pamaziko a khumi chofunika zosakwana manyowa leni, tingati ndi amphamvu kwambiri pamene mupanga.

Zinchito osiyanasiyana mankhwala a mndandanda wa "Baikal EM-1": ntchito, ndemanga

1. Amadzimadzi njira "Baikal EM-1", wokonzeka ntchito, muli PET ma CD mphamvu 1 lita imodzi, lita 0.5, 250 ml ya 100 ml. Malinga ndi mayankho kwa dilution msanga nthawi yochepa.
2. Loyesayesa "Baikal EM-1" kamapangikira vayozi wa 30 ml, ndi 40 (malingana ndi Mlengi). Monga wamaluwa kuti, mwa mawu a mtengo ndalama ndi njira yabwino.
3. "Tamir" - njira yapadera kuyeretsa ndi composting zimbudzi. Chotengera mu mabotolo PET ndi 0.35 1 L.
4. EM madzi, botolo ubongo wa lita 0,1. Ntchito yokonza EM-njira pamodzi ndi maganizo a.

Kukonzekera EM mankhwala

EM mankhwala - mankhwala woyamba, umene uyenera kukhala paokha kwa maganizo "Baikal EM-1". Ntchito mankhwala chifukwa mayiko mayendedwe (30 ml ya okwana) ndi alumali moyo wamkulu (chaka chimodzi). Tizilombo mu maganizo ndi ulesi, tulo. Kudzutsidwa amapezeka mu kukhalapo kwa chikhalidwe sing'anga ndi kutentha ankafuna.

1. Mu atatu lita mtsuko kuthira madzi otentha pa madigiri 20-30.
2. Kuwonjezera uchi (3 supuni. Supuni) mungathe mchewere. Pamene uchi sipafunika kuwonjezera pa kupanikizana popanda zipatso kuchuluka kwa supuni sikisi (ngati kupanikizana wandiweyani ndipo pali zambiri zipatso, ziyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi pang'ono madzi, kupsyinjika ndi kutsanulira mu botolo a).
3. Pamene ntchito uchi ndi zofunika kuika mu mbali mtsuko - amsupuni limodzi tsiku lililonse.
4. Botolo lonse kutsanulira maganizo njira.
5. Sakanizani bwino ndipo amathandiza madzi ikayamba, ngati n'koyenera.
6. Ikani mu otentha (20-30 madigiri), mdima nayonso mphamvu.
7. Kuchokera tsiku lachitatu m'pofunika pang'ono kutsegula banki kuti amasule mpweya.
8. Kufunitsitsa EM mankhwala anatsimikiza ndi khalidwe mokondwa wowawasa fungo.

Kuyambira kutentha nayonso mphamvu zimadalira ntchito mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku maganizo "Baikal EM-1". Reviews zotsatirazi:

• Pamene kutentha kwa nayonso mphamvu digiri 25 akamagwira EM mankhwala, amene kumawonjezera zokolola.
• Pamene nayonso mphamvu kutentha kwa 30-35 madigiri EM mankhwala kuteteza mwamphamvu zomera akulimbana ndi namsongole ndi zotichititsa composting.
• Ngakhale kulimbitsa ntchito ina, ndipo ena akutsatiridwa yonse.

EM-anakonza mankhwala ayenera adzakhetsedwa mu mabotolo mdima, kusungidwa wotsikirapo kutentha (5-15 ° C) mu mdima. Alumali moyo wa mankhwala okonzeka - miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Ntchito Malangizo "Baikal EM-1"

Pakuti ntchito zosiyanasiyana EM-okonzeka njira yochokera ochiritsira madzi (sanali chlorinated):

• Normal kuthirira - 1: 1000 (mu desyatilitrovoe ndowa - supuni EM mankhwala ndi shuga (uchi)), nthawi zina 1: 500 (a ndowa - supuni 2).
• Ntchito ndi mbande - 1: 2000 (mu chidebe cha madzi - theka supuni).
• Pakuti kasupe (oyambirira) ndi kugwa tillage composting - 1: 100 (mu ndowa - 10 supuni ya EM mankhwala).

Kuti akonze zolondola madzi EM yankho pa oyamba EM kukonzekera muyenera thanzi (lokoma) Lachitatu mu buku yemweyo (pa supuni ya mankhwala - supuni ya kupanikizana, madzi kapena uchi). Inu mukhoza kugwa shuga anagona ndalama yomweyo. EM njira ayenera kusonkhezera ndi kusiya kwa tsiku. Ntchito EM njira ayenera kukhala mkati mwa masiku atatu.

njira zofunika njira EM-ulimi

The pazipita cholinga - chilengedwe cha chaka chimodzi m'dera la wosanjikiza lachonde dziko lapansi, moti kupeza mu chaka choyamba cha kukolola zazikulu, ndi kubwerera nthaka chofuna kuchita chonde ake achilengedwe a zaka ziwiri.

Kugwira ntchito afunika kukonzekera kompositi, kugwiritsa ntchito njira pamwamba ntchito "Baikal EM-1". Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa mu yophukira kukolola chilimwe kwambiri atsogolere ntchito. Ngati analephera kuchita, ndiye muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zatsalira onse organic (Zelenka), amene pa nthawi ino (akanadulidwa wobiriwira misa, chomera zinyalala, udzu clippings, peat, manyowa). M'pofunika kukumba ngalande akuya ndipo m'lifupi mwake mpaka twente-faifi masentimita (mpeni zokumbira), atagona pamenepo Zelenka, mudzaze pang'ono zakale lapansi, phulusa, ufa dolomite, sakanizani bwino ndi kuponyera mu ndende mwachizolowezi wa EM njira (mu chidebe ndi - supuni imodzi). The osakaniza mu ngalande ayenera kukhala ndi msinkhu wa masentimita 6. Kufunika Next kukumba ngalande lotsatira. Topsoil popanda zisinthe anaika mu ngalande yapita, kutseka izo.

Kubwera motero zambiri lonse, m'pofunika kufufuza kutsekedwa pamwamba kukhuta EM kompositi (likupezeka peat) mlingo wa 1 makilogalamu pa mita lalikulu, pang'ono prikopat pansi ndi kutsanulira njira yothetsera wa EM-gawo 5 zidebe zochokera zana. gawo zoterezi kugwa wayamba ntchito pa chilengedwe cha humus. Ndipo mwamsanga chinaikidwa manyowa bwino mtundu tizilombo pamaso nyengo yozizira. ntchito yawo adzapitiriza pansi chisanu pamaso chisanu molimba pamene nthaka amaundana. M'chaka cha dziko lino Atauka kale kwambiri. Nthaka microfauna kuchira kwathunthu mpaka June. (Kugwiritsa ntchito "nyanja EM-1" m'chaka ndi cholinga chomwecho mupewe makope dzikolo.)

Anakhazikitsira ntchito pazipita akhoza kugawidwa mu kukhazikitsa kwa zaka zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, zipatso. Ndi yabwino kwambiri kutenga nawo masharubu m'chaka, pambuyo kuthirira fetereza "Baikal EM-1". Ntchito pa strawberries zingakuthandizeni M'chaka choyamba kuti kukolola kwambiri a zaka zoyambirira ndi yokolola pachitsamba chachikulu. Pa ziwembu Popanda kuchitapo kanthu zingabzalidwe zomera ndi madzi nthawi zinayi mu mwezi watha anakonza EM njira.

EM-kompositi

Ntchito yokonza nkhani onse organic, umene uli pa malo: zotsalira za udzu, udzu, udzu, timitengo, utuchi, peat, etc. Wosanjikiza organic anali superimposed, ndiye wosanjikiza ka nthaka yachonde (10% organic) ndi nthaka organic kachiwiri. Ngati pali manyowa, amathanso kufalitsa mu wosanjikiza organic, koma zedi aang'ono ndi malo kakang'ono. Kompositi mulu ayenera kukhetsa wogawana EM njira ndi woipa chokwanira (1: 100 - khumi supuni ndowa kuphatikiza spoons khumi a shuga).

Quality ndi nthawi composting zimadalira chinyezi wa osakaniza ndi kutentha kwake. The momwe akadakwanitsira chinyezi ochititsa 60%: pamene psinjika m'dzanja la osakaniza utuluke madzi. Akadakwanitsira kutentha - kuchokera madigiri 28 kuti 35.

Kompositi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyamba pafupifupi mwezi, koma pali zina zimene sitingathe kupanga ngati mankhwala atsopano. Sitiyenera adzaikidwe pafupi ndi dongosolo chomera mizu. Chaka choyamba cha ntchito ndi luso EM bwino kuthetsa mu kompositi mulu wa, nyongolotsi, ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo zidzakhala weniweni "chervyatnik". M'dzinja kucha kompositi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthaka.

Kugwira ntchito ndi mbande

zomera Small akufunika wapadera njira chiphunzitso zochokera anakonza kuchokera maganizo "Baikal EM-1". Yofunsira mbande ndi tsiku kuthirira mpaka mbande kamodzi pa sabata ndi pa nyumba m'ndende. kulima mmera njira imeneyi Iyamba kukula pafupifupi milungu iwiri.

yankho A chofunika pa ndende ya 1: 2000. A ndowa ndi kutentha pafupifupi 20 madigiri (makamaka chisanadze yophika) anawonjezera kuti theka supuni EM theka la mankhwala ndi uchi (mchewere, sachedwa chifukwa popanda zipatso). Onse osokonezeka, analoledwa kuima maola osachepera 12. mbande wamkulu akhoza madzi kupyolera udzu ndi.

Pambuyo akuponya mbewu pansi lotseguka, m'pofunika kudikira pochimanga (nthawi zambiri zosaposa anayi masiku), ndiye inu mukhoza kutaya EM njira yothetsera mbande. Pamaso machiritso muyenera tsiku lililonse kuthirira mbewu EM yothetsera mu woipa ochiritsira (1: 1000) kumaliza machiritso.

The dothi mbande

Kukonzekera chikuchitika mu August. EMS koyenera kumtengera okonzeka composted (. Supra), Sakanizani ndi nthaka mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10, EM-anakhetsa amadzimadzi njira ndi ndende apamwamba - 1: 500 (spoonfuls asanu ndowa) ndi kusakaniza. Kuthirira n'kofunika mpaka nthawi monga osakaniza akuyamba kuwonongeka kwa olimbikitsa. Close zojambulazo, kuteteza kuyanika kunja.

nthaka kukhala chotupitsa pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Pa masabata 3 nayonso mphamvu ndondomeko (kuthirira ndi kusanganikirana) ayenera mobwerezabwereza. masabata atatu asanadzalemo nthaka okonzeka kuyenera kulembedwa mu kutentha ndi kukhetsa njira (1: 500). Pakuti mbande akhoza kutenga ndipo sanakonzekere mu siteji pasadakhale, masabata atatu asanadzalemo kuwola ndinso mu mabokosi ndi kukhetsa wambiri amadzimadzi njira zake (1: 300), kusiya filimu.

Maluwa ndi luso EM

Zotsatira zonse zabwino florist inu muyenera kutsatira umboni wa ntchito "Baikal EM-1". Yofunsira mbande ya maluwa ndi motere:

• Kukonzekera EM mankhwala (onani. Gawo "Kukonzekera EM mankhwala").
• EM-njira akusowa ambiri 1: 2000 (mu wamba madzi chidebe - supuni theka mankhwala kuphatikiza theka la uchi, kapena kupanikizana, kapena shuga).
• mbewu ayenera zilowerere kwa maola 12 pa njira ya EM (ngati kulola kukula mbewu).
• Okonzeka nthaka pamaso atagona mbewu nayenso EM njira.
• Share mbewu (zikuluzikulu woonda wosanjikiza ufa nthaka-pansi, chabwino modekha anayala padziko).
• Kuwaza EM njira, kuphimba ndi galasi kapena phukusi.
• Mphukira kuoneka wochezeka, ayenera sprayed nthawi zonse: mlungu uliwonse kamodzi.
• Pambuyo ankafika mu nthaka madzi tsiku masiku atatu (pambuyo amamuyambitsa timabala mabala pa mizu), mpaka tichotseretu.

amamwa maluwa

Kukula ndi kupulumutsa zomera mumaikonda - ntchito kuti akhoza kuthana mosavuta "Baikal EM-1". Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi m'nyumba zomera EM njira amalola kophweka kwambiri kukula iwo, motalika maluwa, chitukuko - malinga lingathe chibadwa.

Ngati nyumba zomera ndi bwino, ndiye kuwasamalira ndi losavuta: tifunika kuthirira zonse (pasabata - kamodzi kapena zambiri: nthaka ndi elasticity tsamba). masamba lalikulu la zomera, ndi zofunika misozi njira kapena kutsitsi ku sprinkler lapansi.

Pankhani ya matenda chomera (kukula pang'onopang'ono, kusintha mtundu zachilengedwe masamba lopuwala, akuponya masamba, ndi kugwera wa masamba) ndi pamene n'zosatheka kudziwa chifukwa cha matenda n'kofunika kuti athetse vutoli ndi kusintha mkhalidwe wa nthaka.

Thirani zomera - zovuta, lalikulu maluwa kukula zovuta kuti kwa mbale. Imeneyi, mungayesere kuchiza nthaka ndi populata kwa kudalirana tizilombo ogwira. Mwachidule, kuyamba kumwetsa zomera wokonzedwera EM njira (mu chidebe cha madzi - theka supuni ya uchi (shuga) ndi nambalayi wa EM njira). Mbewu yokha akhoza kukhala awiri kapena atatu kuthirira kuyamba kuchita bwino, koma ngati mwasiya kuthirira "Baikal", zinthu zonse zopweteka kubwerera.

Zomera ankachitira ndi thandizo la EM njira angathe kuchitidwa, kuchotsa mbali akale a pansi pa wina watsopano. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kutenga phunziroli chilengedwe ndi kukhetsa njira zake. M'malo pang'onopang'ono, kusamalira kuti kuwononga mizu.

Zomera m'nyumba kugula botolo la maganizo (30 ml) mosavuta kugula okonzeka "Baikal EM-1" mu PET mabotolo a malita 0.5 kapena zochepa - 0,1 malita.

zapakhomo ndi yaying'ono-zamoyo ku botolo

Oyambitsa EM luso sanali ndi cholinga ntchito m'nyumba "Baikal EM-1". The ntchito tizilombo agwire ntchito kunyumba - ndi kwa amayi zatsopano ndi losadziwika. Ali Japan, amene anali woyamba anatulukira ndi EM mankhwala, izo anawonjezera, ngakhale mu tiyi. Osasamba m'zipinda za, mbale, kupukuta mipando, makoma, chandeliers. Lembani zitsime, kutsuka misewu. 40% nthaka yachonde mu dziko wabwezeretsedwa mothandizidwa ndi luso EM. The Japanese anazitsanulira mwa nyanja ake kumtunda tsiku matani iliyonse tizilombo yophika zothandiza kukonzamo. Izi pulogalamu boma.

Mu Russia, amayi ambiri mu 2000 (amene zikugwira maluwa), kuona zotsatira bwino m'munda, ndipo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu banja, "Baikal EM-1" wa. Reviews mabanja pa luso ngati alibe kudikira: chikununkha, osati yatsekera, woyera sadzafuna kusiya.

Madzi EM njira ayenera kukhala okonzeka pa ndende mwachizolowezi 1: 1000 (supuni ndowa) kwa kuyeretsa yonyowa.

1. Utsi ndi chandelier (kuchokera) - Mwamsanga fungo chikonga ndi fumbi.
2. Moisten makalapeti ndi upholstered mipando - kutha nthata okha makalapeti mbandakucha.
3. Utsi makatani - zofukiza kutha.
4. Sambani makalipeti akulowa m'nyumbayo - ndi fungo kutha, makalipeti kudzakhala kosavuta.
5. Utsi kama ndi nsalu (mapepala, duvet, mapilo) - zofukiza kutha, kusintha mawonekedwe a nsalu, ndi wokoma zowawa, ndiponso zoyeretsa.
6. Usiku, anatsanulira mu kapu chipolopolo EM njira yothetsera machubu m'mawa kutsukidwa. Pakuti zotsatira wamkulu, kusiya mankhwala pa tsiku.
7. Kuyeretsa kusamba. Ngati ali ndi chikasu kukoma zolengeza, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito motere: lembani ndi madzi, kuwonjezera kapu ya shuga, kapu ya ufa ndi mtondo galasi. Siyani kwa masiku atatu.

The ntchito ziweto

Kugwira ntchito ndi njira EM kukonzekera kwa maganizo, obereketsa iyende kwambiri. Njira ntchito:

• Kuwonjezera madzi akumwa "Baikal EM-1" njira.
• Ntchito zinyalala (processing ndi wetting).
• Powonjezera chakudya.
• Powonjezera mathamandawa zinyalala.
• mankhwala a madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito.

luso EM nthawi yaitali ntchito ng'ombe, ulimi nkhumba, processing nkhuku minda nkhuku zinyalala.