Foni - kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Kodi filonite ndi chiyani? Tanthawuzo la mawu m'mawamasulira osiyanasiyana lingathe kufotokozedwa chimodzimodzi: kukhala pansi, kudumpha, shirk kuntchito. Koma ponena za chiyambi cha mawu awa, akatswiri a zilankhulo sanayambe kugwirizana. Wina amaganiza kuti mawuwa amachokera kuzinthu zosiyana siyana. Akatswiri ena a zilankhulo amatha kufotokozera zigawenga zachinyengo, lachitatu - kulankhulo zachilendo, zobadwa m'zaka zachinyengo za Soviet. Pa mavesi ambiri zimakhala zovuta kulongosola chimodzi chokha choona. Chifukwa chake, tidzangomveka mosiyana kwambiri ndi chiyambi cha mawu akuti "filonite" ndikuwonjezeranso zomwe timaganiza.

French slang

Mumasanthawuzidwe ofotokozera, mgwirizano wa vesili ndi dzina lachifalansa la pilon limasonyezedwa, kutanthauza wopemphapempha, wopondaponda, wopemphapempha. Koma akatswiri a zinenero zamakono samagwirizana ndi kutanthauzira uku. Akatswiri olemba mabuku a ku Russia akukayikira kuti mwina angapangitse "wopemphapempha" wa ku France kuti akhale "waulesi" wa ku Russia.

Palinso mawu omwe mawu, opangidwa kuchokera ku le filon (golide wa golide, ntchito yabwino, malo opindulitsa), alipo mu slang la asilikali a gulu la France. Kulimbirana ndi "malo otentha," kuti azigwira ntchito yowala, kuti asamaphunzitse kuphunzitsira - ndilokutanthawuza kukhala filioni mumsana wa msilikali. Zingatetezedwe kuti kutanthauzira uku kuli kofunika kwambiri. Koma kutanthauzira uku sikungalandire umboni.

Wokonda kugona pabedi

Dokotala wa Philology IG Dobrodomov mu dzina lake "Mavuto a etymology mu normative lexicography" amachititsa kuti tanthauzo la liwu lakuti "filonite" likufanana ndi mawu akuti "bodza pansi". Mwachiwonekere, kufotokoza uku sikutsutsana ndi katundu wotsalira womwe waikidwa mu veremu: kupuma, musachite kanthu. Koma pansi pake ndi mitengo iti, yokonzedweratu ndi nyumba za anthu okhala m'midzi, zomwe cholinga chake chimagona ndi kupumula?

Chirichonse chiri chophweka, ngakhale chiri chosokoneza. Pulofesa Dobrodomov amakhulupirira kuti m'zinenero zina, makamaka mu slang a amisiri a Kostroma ndi Puchezh, mawu akuti "polati" amatchulidwa "filati". Ndiye panali chingwe cha kusintha: filati - filoni - filonov. Chifukwa chake mafilimu - akugona pabedi, akugwedezeka kuntchito. Monga momwe zimakhalira, pamapeto pake mawuwo adakhala ofanana ndi olimbitsidwa m'chinenero cha Chirasha. Philo tsopano imatchedwa laulesi ndi lothargic.

Zovala Zabwino za Atsogoleri

Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti mawu oti "mafoni" angachokere mwa atsogoleri achipembedzo. Felon ndi cape yakale yokhala ndi chingwe cha mutu, koma popanda manja.

Kugwira kavalidwe koteroko ndi kosasangalatsa, manja amabisidwa pansi pa nsalu ya nsalu ngati mwana wamsalu. Mwamuna yemwe sanathamangire kuti alowe nawo ntchito, adati: "Nchifukwa chiani inu mukuima ngati chovala?". Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi, kutanthauzira mawu kunasinthidwa kukhala mawu ochepa, koma amodzimodzi "filonite".

Tsatanetsataneyi sikutsekanso njira ina, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zomwe zapitazo. Zikudziwika kuti m'zaka za ulamuliro wa Soviet, lamulo lolekanitsa anthu ndi zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo linkachitika. Chirichonse chomwe chinali chogwirizana ndi tchalitchi chinanyozedwa ndi kunyozedwa. Mwinamwake mkulu wachipembedzo, atavala zovala, pamapepala ndi zojambulazo amawonetsedwa ngati wotsutsa-chigololo, wodziwika ngati munthu wopatsa chakudya, wophika chakudya, jekeseni. Kotero mwa anthu gululi linakhazikitsidwa: ndani amene ali ndi chiwonongeko - icho chinyama.

Tsatanetsatane wa 'thieves' jargon

M'zaka makumi awiri zapitazo m'dera la Solovetsky Islands pa malo a ndende yam'ndende yakale inakhazikitsidwa ku North Special Purpose Camp. Anapindula chiwerengero cha anthu ambiri omwe analipo kale ku Arkhangelsk gubernia m'malo osungirako akaidi ndi ndende zandale. Anthuwa anaweruzidwa ndi milandu imeneyi kapena zina zomwe zinatchulidwa kuti Solovki, komwe amadziwika kuti amagwira ntchito yolemetsa mitengo komanso mitengo.

Mwinamwake, omwe amangidwa, omwe anawononga kwambiri thanzi pazakolo, adasamutsidwa ku ntchito yosavuta. Akaidi omwe anayesedwa kuti athe kupititsa patsogolo, akudzivulaza mwadzidzimwini kuvulala kwawo. Winawake anali kupeza njira zina zowonetsera zolemba zokhudzana ndi kulemala kwake kwanthawi yayake kapena kosatha. Chifukwa chake, panali chidziwitso cha hafu m'makalata oyambirira: Filon - wosadziwika kuti ali ndi ndondomeko yapadera.

Izi sizimatanthauzira chiyambi cha mawu akuti "filonite". The etymology of the word sichidziwika bwino. Koma popeza adagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu a mbala, mwinamwake, mawuwa ankadziwikiratu nthawi yayitali asanayambe makampu a Soviet Northern. Ndipo lero mumatha kumva mawu akuti "phyllis", omwe ndi mau a mawu oti "filonite". Chifukwa chomwe chimatchedwa ndalama ndi funso lalikulu.

Kusiyanasiyana pa nkhani ya mbala

Kuyambira kuchokera ku mawu omwe mawu akuti "filonite" anabadwira mu chigawenga, tiyeni tiike patsogolo malingaliro athu pa zochitika zake. Mu dikishonale ya Gallicisms palinso mawu akuti "filte", opangidwa kuchokera ku French filer, zomwe zikutanthauza kutsatira, kufufuza. N'zotheka kuti mafilimu - amayenera kuima pamsasa panthawi yomwe amachitira nkhanza kapena kubisala. Chifukwa chake, munthu, wotchedwa philo, sanatengere gawo limodzi mwazochitika zazikulu, ndipo zomwe adachita pazinthu zodziwikiratu zinali zosafunikira.

Wina akhoza kukumbukira kufunika kwa malingaliro monga filosofi - chifundo kapena kupatsa - mphatso zachifundo. Iwo amachokera ku mawu akuti "chikondi" kapena "chizoloŵezi" kuchokera ku Greek φιλέω. Mwinamwake, mwa tanthawuzo la "Philo" lingatanthauzidwe kuti ndilowetsa masewero, ndiko kuti, wotetezera kapena wotsalira. Pankhani ya chigamulo chachinyengo - wakuba wakuba, sanadziwonetse yekha. Chifukwa chake, bizinesi yaikuluyi siidadalirika. Filonit - ndikuti achite mtundu wina wa malangizo mopanda ntchito, kuti asamagwire ntchito mwamphamvu.

Dzinali lachi Greek

Mwina chirichonse chiri chophweka kwambiri, ndipo mawu akuti "mafoni" anapangidwa mu dzina la Filon, yemwe ali ndi tanthauzo la "kukondana ndi chikondi"? Sikuti akatswiri achifilosofi, akatswiri a masamu, ochiritsa ndi mabishopu omwe ali ndi dzina limeneli, sananyalanyaze ntchitoyi. M'malo mwake, zonse zinali zosiyana kwambiri.

Koma taganizirani zomwe zinachitikira philonel (ndiko kuti, chiweto) adayitanidwa ndi wina wa mamembala a banja lalikulu. Angakhale mwana wamng'ono kapena, mwachitsanzo, agogo ake achifundo, achibale omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino. Dzina loyenerera pano limasanduka dzina lodziwika nalo.

Mwachibadwidwe, wokonda kwambiri anakhululukidwa zambiri, anamasulidwa kuntchito ndi kumudzi. Ngati wina wa pakhomo anali ndi mwayi wopuma mopanda dongosolo, adanena kuti anali foni. Mlingaliro lakuti munthu sangathe kugwira ntchito kwa kanthawi, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha matenda kapena chifukwa cha zochitika zina. Komabe, foni-sikuti ikhale yaulesi mu moyo, koma kuti musamachite ntchito iliyonse pa zifukwa zomveka kapena mwa kufuna kwanu.