Fort Kronstadt. matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi chionetsero

Mzinda wa St. Petersburg - iyi ndi imodzi mwa malo akuluakulu padziko lonse alendo. Koma ochepa mukudziwa kuti zokonda zake zili osati kumtunda. Kuwonjezera zakale, Matchalitchi, ngalande zachifumu ndi m'mapaki, North likulu la Russia akhoza kudzitama ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri wakale. Pambuyo Peter Wamkulu, kumanga mizinda pansi pa mphuno kwambiri wa asilikali a Sweden anali kusamalira moyo wake panyanja. N'chifukwa chake mu Gulf, ndi kumpoto ndi mbali ya kum'mwera, analamula yomanga zilumba m'malinga. Zikatero, ngati mdani zombo akuswa kudzera chitetezo cha zimphamvu izi, iwo anali kukumana ndi Kronstadt linga. Malowa ali pamtunda pachilumba cha Kotlin, makilomita makumi awiri okha kuchokera ku doko la Chile, limene lili Saint Petersburg. Tiyeni ndiulendo pafupifupi za kumbuyo dera lomaliza la mzindawo pa Neva.

Nthawi ya linga loyamba

Kotlin Island anatchulidwa Mbiri ngakhale anaonekera pa mapu dziko la St. Petersburg. "Orekhovskiy Mtendere" m'zaka za chinayi, ikhale malire kuwoloka mfundo pakati pa Ufumu wa Sweden ndi la Republic Novgorod. Koma zitatha zaka mazana atatu chilumba anasamukira ku umwini a oyandikana nawo kumpoto. Kotlin asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda ntchito yotentha magalimoto zombo zawo. M'dzinja 1703 Peter Ine analamula kumanga linga pa chilumba. Panyengo ina yozizira Kotlin anali otetezedwa chitunda yokumba motsatizana ndi kumtunda. Pa mfundo imeneyi ya Gulf of Finland ndi losaya kwambiri, ndipo izi zinachititsa kuti kukhale kovuta kwa damu ndimeyi ziwiya lalikulu. Pamene 1704 adapitiriza navigation, asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda anaona kuti kufika kwa Neva Bay sizotheka, ndi linga waima pa chilumba chawocho. Mu May, mu mpanda m'dziko lachilendo anali opatulidwira ndipo muli dzina Kronshlot (kuchokera ndulu. "Royal Palace"). Icho chinali choyamba linga. Kronstadt monga linga inatulutsidwa mochedwa. Kronshlot ili m'mphepete kum'mwera kwa chilumba cha Kotlin.

Mbiri ya forts ndi mudzi wa Kronstadt

Peter ankafuna kuti malowa anamukwiyira anthu. Choncho, chisumbu n'kuyamba anthu ntchito, pakati kalasi ndi amalonda. Kulimbikitsa kusuntha Kotlin otchuka, Peter Ine analamula kuti amange nyumba yake apa. Mwatsoka, mfundo imeneyi ndi yofunika kwa tsiku lino, osati waliteteza. Koma pa chisumbu iye anakakhala A. Italy Menshikov Palace. Mu 1706, pa gombe la kumadzulo kwa Kotlina inamangidwa redoubt Alexander-ngalande. Mu October 1723, Peter Ine ndinagona mu chikondwerero m'mlengalenga Fort Kronstadt. mutu ndi, kachiwiri, mu kumasulira kwa Dutch amatanthauza "Royal City". Pa nthawiyi, chilumba wakhala kwambiri a nyumba. Mfumu inalamula kuti linga latsopano adzazunguliridwa ndi mipanda ya mzinda wonse ndi doko la zombo zapanyanja. Kumangidwa kwa citadel anamaliza mu 1747.

forts kum'mwera kwa Kronstadt

Malinga mzinda ankamangidwanso kangapo. Mwambowu osauka luso asilikali. Pofuna kupewa zoopsa angathe zida mdani, boma mzinda anamanganso akale ndi kumanga forts latsopano. Panthawi imeneyi, pali twente wani kumbuyo St. Petersburg malo. Seventini wa iwo ili zilumba za Gulf of Finland. Izi vysyaschiesya madzi mwachindunji ku forts wa Kronstadt (chithunzi mmodzi wa iwo kutsogolo kwa inu) kupanga chidwi kwambiri alendo. Conventionally, zonsezi linga kumbuyo lagawidwa kumpoto ndi kum'mwera (malingana ndi malo wachibale kwa Kotlin chilumba). Choyamba anaonekera, monga ife kumbukirani, Kronshlot. Kenaka wodzilemekeza ndi forts pinomwe kum'mwera: loyamba ndi lachiwiri, Milutin, Mfumu Paulo Ine, Battery, Prince Menshikov, ndi Mfumu Alexander I.

Forts wakumpoto wa Kronstadt

m'malinga awa anali kutchedwa koyamba kukumana mdani alimbane. Iwo asanu ndi awiri. Komanso, kuti asalalikire Ndime ya zombo mdani St. Petersburg, iwo ankayenera kuti adziteteze Kronstadt. North Fort nambala 2 akadali lili pa chilumbachi, pamene winayo chikugwirizana ku Chile ndi Kotlin ndi msewu mphete msewu. Wina m'malinga awiri amatchedwa Krasnoarmeyskaya ndi Pervomayskaya.

Forts pachilumba cha Kotlin

Choyamba kunali kofunika kulimbikitsa m'tauni ya Kronstadt. Choncho, kupatula citadel chapakati, encircling kumudzi, anamangapo wothandiza malinga. Choyamba anali embankments (kunkhondo). Ndi chitukuko cha njira nagonjetsa malinga ankamangidwanso. Alendo yotsimikizika chidwi Citadel linga. Linamangidwa mu 1724 ndipo anadzatchedwa Peter I. zaka khumi kenako mu 1808 pamene kunabuka nkhondo ndi asilikali a Sweden, kum'mwera kwa chilumbachi panali batire wapawiri, lomwe limatchulidwa Fort Constantine. Mu kumadzulo kwa Kotlin, pa malovu a paima Reef. Pamalo ya zadothi redoubt 1706 Alexander m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa, linga inamangidwa Schantz. Kronstadt pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, ndi malo amenewa shelled mphamvu German mizu pa kufupi ndi gombe la Gulf - kuchokera Zelenogorsk kuti Beloostrov.

Maulendo mu Kronstadt

Pa Kotlin Island, omwe tsopano wotanganidwa, akhoza anafika mwa msewu ndipo kudzera mumphangayo mobisa. Tsopano kumzinda linga Kronstadt anakhala chigawo cha St. Petersburg. Malinga pachilumba cha Kotlin kuona ndi uchite. Ena a iwo osasamalika chifukwa osefukira pafupipafupi. Kufufuza forts wa kumpoto ndi mbali ya kum'mwera, muyenera ndiulendo bwato. Izi ulendo pa maulendo katerke imachitika yekha m'miyezi yotentha. Maulendo azichoka Fort Constantine. Koma alendo sapita kumtunda kufufuza malinga ndi chilumbachi.