French wolemba Anri Barbyus: yonena, zilandiridwenso ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mmodzi wa wotchuka olemba French ya chiyambi cha XX m'ma - Anri Barbyus. Best mabuku namukweza monga odana ndi nkhondo chithunzi, zausilikali mdani chiwawa mtundu uliwonse. Iye anakhala mmodzi wa oyamba kwambiri zotsimikizika ndi chilengedwe anafotokoza zoopsa wa First World nkhondo.

masitepe loyamba

Anri Barbyus anabadwa mu 1873 mu mzinda kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Paris, tauni yaing'ono mu Asnieres-sur-khoka, pambuyo zisinthe, omwe anakhala wotchuka kwambiri ndi osamuka Russian.

Iye anabadwa mu banja la French mayiko ndi English. bambo ake anali mlembi, n'zosadabwitsa kuti mwana wake adalowa bwinobwino maphunziro mphamvu ya Literature pa Sorbonne. Barbyusa masitepe oyamba mu mabuku anali magulu ndakatulo, "The olira azidzazungulira", lofalitsidwa mu 1895. Monga Patapita zaka zingapo olembedwa Science "Hell" ndi "nampempha" mankhwala kundipatsa mtima woipa. Mu chotchuka kwambiri iwo sanagwiritse ntchito.

kutsogolo,

Mu 1914, Anri Barbyusa moyo wasintha kwambiri. Anadzipereka kupita kutsogolo kuti amenyane Germany. Mu 1915, iye anavulazidwa ndi otetezedwa chifukwa cha matenda. Kuchita Nkhondo anali kupereka usilikali Cross, koma chinthu chachikulu chimene iye anabweretsa kuchokera kutsogolo - ndi mtima munthu ndi zimene anapanga maziko ake "moto" kwambiri quadrupeds buku.

Cholinga cha ntchito iyi anaonekera kutsogolo, pakati pa ndewu. Za iye Barbusse limati mu makalata ake kwa mkazi wake. Phinduza malingaliro Kutsatira anayamba kuchipatala kumapeto kwa 1915. Buku posakhalitsa kwambiri kutsirizidwa mu August 16 wayamba kale kuti inafalitsidwa mu nyuzipepala "zilandiridwenso." A kope osiyana ntchito lofalitsidwa m'ma December chaka chomwecho amene akufalitsa nyumba "Flammarion". Komanso anapatsidwa mphoto ya Prix Goncourt Henri Barbusse - zapamwamba kwambiri French zolembalemba mphoto.

"Moto" - waukulu Roma Barbyusa

Mu chaputala choyamba cha mankhwala buku akuwafanizira ndi "Divine Comedy" ndi Dante, amene amapereka buku khalidwe ndakatulo. Zimphona "Moto," ngati chionetsero kumwamba bwalo lomaliza la Gahean. Pankhaniyi, zolemba achipembedzo kutha, ndi nkhondo imperialist amapezeka kwambiri kuposa zoyambitsidwa kwambiri wosangalatsa wa wolemba aliyense. Buku "The Last wa choonadi ankhanza," chifukwa cha buku Barbusse mu oyamba woyamba kope Russian wa limakhulupirira Gorky analemba.

Masomphenya a zilembo kuzindikira kale kuwonekera "Masomphenya" chaputala choyamba kwambiri. Limanena za padziko lapansi "paradise" mu mapiri Swiss. Palibe nkhondo ndi anthu okhala kumeneko, oimira mitundu azindikira kupanda pake ndi mantha nkhondo.

Mawu ofanana kubwera ndi zilembo zazikulu za buku la - asilikali. M'chaputala chomaliza, "Dawn" iwo adzuke. Wambiri Barbyusa Anri ndi umafananirako kuti zotchulidwa mu buku la. uthenga wake waukulu - kubera mosalephera ya misa maganizo chosintha. The chothandizira pakuti ichi nawo m'mayiko pafupifupi onse European mu nkhondo imperialist.

buku walembedwa mu mawonekedwe a "Diary wa platoon a." Zimenezi zimathandiza wolemba kuti sewerolo ngati zimathandizadi ngati n'kotheka, zotsatirazi zilembo, owerenga ndiye moto pa mzere kutsogolo, mu hinterland, mu pakatikati pa nkhondo, pamene platoon akupitiriza nkhondo.

Barbus ndi October kuukira boma

October kuukira boma ku Russia Anri Barbyus anatenga monga chochitika chofunika kwambiri pa mbiri ya dziko, kugwira nawo izo. Maganizo ake, adzalola mitundu yonse European anamasulidwa ku goli la bizinesi.

Mu njira zambiri, maganizo amenewa amasonyezedwa buku "momveka" mu 1919. Potengera ulimi zokomera mu Russia, membala wa French Communist Party amakhala Anri Barbyus. Quotes a wolemba, zoyenera zochitika pa zaka zonsezi, amanena kuti "dziko - ndi mtendere wa mumtima, akuwuka ku ntchito." Choncho, wolemba umakhulupiriradi kuti ntchito mwakhama kuti athandize anthu, anthu akhoza kukwaniritsa chimwemwe m'dziko lililonse.

Popeza Anri Barbyus anatsogolera yogwira moyo ndiponso ndale. Makamaka mu 1924, iye anadzudzula atsogoleri kupondereza Tatarbunar kugalukira ku Romania. Kenako anayamba zida wamba kugalukira ku South Bassarabii ndi boma, mothandizidwa ndi Bolshevik Party.

Kutsutsa bizinesi

Mabuku Barbyusa Anri, mndandanda wa zomwe yothandizana buku "Kuunika kwa phompho", "Manifesto a anzeru", lofalitsidwa mu France mu 20s wa anadzipereka kuti kutsutsako zakuthwa bizinesi. Wolemba komanso sanazindikire bourgeois chitukuko ankanena yekha mfundo yakuti m'kupita kwa yomanga zokomera mu dziko n'zotheka kumanga achilungamo ndi anthu. Mwachitsanzo Barbusse anatenga zochitika zimene zinachitika mu Soviet Union, makamaka zochita kumwedwa Iosifom Stalinym. Mu 1930 iye anasiya yakeyo "Russian", ndipo patatha zaka 5, atamwalira, ntchito ya "Stalin." Mu ntchito iyi, monga maganizo amenewa zofunikila. Komabe, m'buku la sosholisimu kwawo iwo posakhalitsa yoletsedwa, ngati za ambiri anawatchula ndi nthawi kuti anali anazunzidwa.

"Stalin - ndi Lenin a lero" - ndi aphorism kuti linalembedwa ndi Barbusse.

Barbus mu USSR

The Soviet Union Barbusse anafika nthawi 4, nthawi yoyamba mu 1927. September 20 mwapang'onopang'ono French wolemba anapangidwa mu Nyumba ya mizati mu Moscow, ndi ripoti "White Mantha ndi kuopsa kwa nkhondo." Mu chaka chomwecho anapanga ulendo wonse pa kukonza Bomali, anapita Kharkov, Tbilisi, mzinda wa Batumi Rostov pa-Don ndi Baku.

Mu 1932, Barbusse kubwera kwa Soviet Union kale monga mmodzi wa bungwe la mayiko odana ndi nkhondo Congress unachitikira mu August mu Amsterdam. Pa izo, adapereka mawu ake wotchuka "ine sindikutsutsa".

Ulendo wake lotsatira chinachitikira ndi chisankho cha membala aulemu wa USSR Academy of Sciences. Pambuyo kuti pathupi ndi kuyamba ntchito pa buku za Stalin. Mu July 1935, Barbusse lomaliza anapita Moscow, kugwira ntchito pa bukhu, anaphunzira zikalata, kukumana ndi mabwenzi a Lenin. Komabe, kumaliza ntchitoyo ndipo analephera.

Barbus anadwala mwadzidzidzi ndi chibayo ndipo anamwalira mu Moscow pa August 30, 1935. Patapita masiku 3, thupi ikuchitika France pa Belarus pasiteshoni ya sitima, msonkhano anatsanzikana.

Wolemba anaikidwa wotchuka Pere Lachaise manda Paris pa 7 September. Tsalani Barbousse inasanduka chionetsero andale a United Popular Front.