Full mbiri Stepana Bandery

January 1, 1909 m'mudzi wa Old Ugryniv wotchedwa Galicia anabadwa Stepan Andreevich Bandera - ideologue ndi m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa za kayendedwe mtundu mu Ukraine. ntchito zake ndi nkhani ya mtsutso aukali, ngakhale kuyambira mfundo za kuphedwa wakhala zaka zoposa 56. Kuthandiza kumvetsa chinsinsi cha pempho lake kwa ena mfundo, mulole mbiri Stepana Bandery.

banja

Makolo ake anali anthu okhulupirira oona mtima ndipo kugwirizana ndi Greek Catholic (Uniate) Church. Atate Stepan - Andrei Mikhailovich - anatumikira monga wansembe ndipo zimayesetsa kulimbikitsa maganizo a dziko Chiyukireniya. Mu 1919 ngakhale anasankhidwa ku National Rada ZUNR, kenako anamenya m'khamu la Denikin. Pambuyo Civil nkhondo, Andrei Mikhailovich anabwerera kumudzi kwawo, ndipo anapitiriza kutumikira m'deralo parishi wansembe.

Mayi Stepan - Miroslava Vladimirovna - anadza kwa wansembe banja. N'chifukwa chake ana, ndipo panali asanu a ife anakulira mu mzimu wa mfundo zogwira kholo ndi kudzipereka kwa malingaliro a dziko Chiyukireniya.

Stepan Bandera Wambiri: Childhood

Banja ankakhala m'nyumba yaing'ono, amene anapereka utsogoleri wa mpingo. Malinga okha, amene amadziwa mbiri Stepana Bandery, anakulira mnyamata wopembedza ndi omvera. Choncho kale ku sekondale, iye anayesera kupanga mozama Mwachitsanzo, ndakhuta madzi ozizira yozizira kuposa udachita matenda zimfundo pa moyo wake wonse.

Kupita ku sukulu, Stepan anachoka kwawo oyambirira kwambiri makolo ndi kupita ku mzinda Stry kwa agogo. Kumeneko anamvetsa zinachitikira loyamba la ntchito zandale, ndipo adadziwa kuti munthu ndi luso kwambiri kwa gulu. Choncho, Bandera nawo ntchito za magulu osiyanasiyana a ndale, kuphatikizapo Union of Chiyukireniya mtundu Youth.

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, iye anabwerera Stjepan Ugryniv, anayamba kukonza nationalists wamng'ono ndipo ngakhale analenga kwaya m'deralo.

Lomenyera mtsogoleri wa kayendedwe mtundu

Kulembetsa 1929 Polytechnic School of Lviv, Stepan Bender anapitiriza ntchito ndale.

Iyo inali nthawi yovuta. Monga gawo ukasintha okonda a anthu zikuchulukirachulukira kusakhutira ndi akuluakulu Polish makamaka kumaonekera ya bungwe la Nationalists Chiyukireniya. Iwo akuchita zigawenga, omenyana ake anaukira makalata sitima ndi kuthetsa otsutsa ndale. Ndipo, monga kuyankha uchigawenga ndi zionetsero kuyamba repressions Unyinji wa akuluakulu.

Mu 30s wa Bandera, poyamba chinkhoswe makamaka mabodza, anakhala mmodzi wa atsogoleri ambiri yogwira wa OUN. Iye mobwerezabwereza pansi kumangidwa mwachidule, makamaka kwa kufalitsidwa kwa odana Polish mabuku. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi mbiri Stepana Bandery mu nthawi ino lili masamba ambiri mdima. Makamaka, malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, mu 1932 motsogoleredwa ndi akatswiri German ophunzitsidwa ndi nzeru kusukulu yapadera mu Danzig.

Komabe, ntchito ya Bandera ali zofunika OUN anali ndi kanthawi kochepa chabe. Mu 1934, iye anamangidwa ndipo kenako analamulidwa kupachikidwa kwa yokonza Bronislaw Peratskogo kupha - Polish Minister za Mkati. Komabe, chilango cha imfa kenako ndingokhala m'ndende moyo.

Activities pa ntchito German

Mu 1939, pambuyo Poland anali nkhondo Germany, Bandera Stepan, amene yonena akhala nkhani chidwi kwa ofufuza za mbiri ya kum'mawa kwa Ulaya m'zaka za m'ma 20, anapulumuka m'ndende. Iye amafuna kuti abwezeretse kukopa kwake mu OUN utsogoleri ndi kupitiriza nkhondo zolinga mitundu Chiyukireniya, koma loyang'anizana mavuto ambiri.

Monga amadziwika, wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volyn, amene poyamba anali malo amavutika kulenga mfumu Ukraine panthawiyo anali gawo la USSR, ndi ntchito mtundu kumeneko anayamba kuvutika. Komanso, pa pamwamba pa OUN panalibe umodzi. Othandiza mmodzi mwa atsogoleri awo - Andreya Melnika - anali mokomera mgwirizano ndi Nazi Germany.

Chotero kuthekera ali m'gulu anakana Bandera amadziwa kuti atsogoleri andale ndi Aisiraeli sadzalandira ulamuliro wa Ukraine.

Kusiyana kufika kusiyana lotseguka. The nkhondo pakati pa magulu a OUN limalimbikitsa Bender kuchita ya zachitetezo. Tisadalire iwo, ali pa msonkhano ku Lviv mu 1941, akulengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa zimachitika palokha la Ukraine.

mu Germany

Zimene akuluakulu ntchito Sipanapite nthawi yaitali kubwera. Stepan Bandera, kanthawi mbiri yomwe ndi bwino kuti aliyense wa sukulu Chiyukireniya, ndi mnzake wake Yaroslav Stetsko anagwidwa ndi Gestapo ndipo anatumizidwa ku Berlin. Ogwira ntchito za mabungwe German wapadera zoperekedwa kwa mtsogoleri wa mgwirizano OUN ndi kuthandizidwa. Pa zimene wanenazi, iye amayenera kudziyang'anira mabodza Chiyukireniya. Iye sanafune kuvomereza kuti pempholo ndipo anali mu kundende yozunzirako, kumene iye anakhala mpaka 1944.

Komabe, mu chilungamo ziyenera ananena kuti iye anali mu ndithu chilengedwe omasuka, ndipo ngakhale anali ndi mwayi wokumana ndi mkazi wake. Komanso, Bandera ali kundende, analemba ndipo anatumiza nkhani kunyumba ndi zikalata za zomwe zili ndale. Mwachitsanzo, iye ndi mlembi kabukuko "kulimbana ndi zochitika za OUN (b) panthawi ya nkhondo," yomwe imayang'ana udindo wa chiwawa, kuphatikizapo mitundu ina.

Malinga ndi olemba mbiri ena, mbiri Stepana Bandery mu nthawi kuchokera 1939 mpaka 1945 pamafunika kupenda mosamalitsa kwasonyeza. Makamaka, malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, anali kugwira anathandizana ndi Abwehr ndipo akukonzekera reconnaissance, popanda Komabe, ndi zikhulupiriro zawo maganizo.

nkhondo itatha,

Akadzagonjetsedwa Fascism Bandera Stepan, amene yonena mobwerezabwereza pansi "kukonzanso kulemba" mokomera ina magulu andale anakhalabe mu Germany West ndipo anakakhala ku Munich, kumene wafika, ndipo mkazi wake ndi ana. Iye anapitirizabe ntchito zake zandale, monga mmodzi wa atsogoleri OUN, ambiri a anthu ake akuona Germany kapena timasulidwe ku m'misasa. Othandiza Bandera anafuna osankhidwa iye monga mutu wa gulu moyo. Komabe, izi sizoona, amene adakhulupirira kuti amayang'anira ntchito ya mabungwe mtundu ayenera kukhala m'dera la Ukraine. Mfundo yaikulu mu mtima wa malo awo ankanena kuti kokha ngati pa malopo, tikhoza mwabwinobwino mmene zinthu zilili pamoyo, amene wasintha kwambiri panthawi ya nkhondo.

Pofuna kukuza chiwerengero cha anthu ake, Stepan Bandera (lalifupi yonena anapereka pamwamba) anayambitsa gulu la ABN - mitundu Antibolshevistkogo bloc, lotsogoledwa ndi Jaroslaw Stetsko.

Mu 1947 iye potsiriza anasamukira ku OUN kusagwirizana ndi nationalists wake udindo, ndipo anasankhidwa mtsogoleri wawo.

imfa

Ndi nthawi kukuuzani tsamba lomaliza, umene unakwaniritsidwa mbiri Stepana Bandery. Malinga ndi Baibulo ambiri, anaphedwa mwa NKVD Bogdan Stashinsky. Izo zinachitika mu 1959, pa 15 October. Wakupha akhadikhira ndondomeko pa nyumba pakhomo ndipo anamuwombera nkhope ndi mfuti ndi syringe, umene uli cyanide. Bender anafa ambulansi, chifukwa oyandikana nawo nyumba ndiponso konse anatsitsimuka.

Mabaibulo ena a wakupha

Koma Stepan Bandera (mbiri, zithunzi za amene ali pamwambawo) anaphedwa ndi Soviet chinsinsi wothandizila utumiki? Pali Mabaibulo ambiri. Choyamba, pa tsiku za kupha Sitefano Bandera pazifukwa zina anatumiza omulondera ake. Kachiwiri, kuchokera amazionera a tanthauzo lake pa nthawi iyi ya Bandera alibe ngozi ngati chithunzi ndale. Osachepera kwa USSR. Ndipo NKVD sanafune anali kuphedwa otchuka mtundu zapitazi. Chachitatu, Stashinsky analamulidwa kuti chilango mwachilungamo ayi - zaka 8 kundende. Mwa njira, nyamuka pa ufulu, ankakhalako.

Pa Baibulo zosaonekera, Bandera kupha mnzake wakale, kapena nthumwi za mabungwe Western nzeru, zomwe kawirikawiri.

Tsoka achibale

Stepana Bandery bambo anamangidwa ndi NKVD May 22, 1941 ndi kunyongedwa masabata awiri pambuyo Anazi atalanda Soviet Union. m'bale wake Alexander nthawi yaitali mu Italy. Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, adafika ku mzinda, anagwidwa ndi Gestapo ndipo anafa Auschwitz. M'bale wina Stepana Bandery - Basil - analinso ndi yogwira chithunzi mu Chiyukireniya kayendedwe mtundu. Mu 1942 anam'tumiza Auschwitz ndi German mphamvu ankalamulira ankakakamiza ndi kupha woyang'anira-Zitsulo.

ziwawa

Today ku Ukraine pali anthu ambiri amene amaona Stepana Banderu pafupifupi woyera. Chikhumbo cha ufulu wa dziko lawo - chifukwa mfulu, koma dziko satha kutamanda anthu ake. Iye nthawizonse anafunikira kutsimikizira ukulu wawo ndi mnansi manyazi, mwina kuposa kumuwononga thupi. Makamaka ambiri European ndi Russian mbiri yakale tipende mfundo okhudzidwa kuwonedwa mu Bandera kuti Volyn kuphedwa, pamene zikwi Zitsulo Catholic Armenia anaphedwa, amene Bandera ankaona "Ayuda yachiwiri."

Bandera Stepan, mbiri, upandu ndi ntchito yomwe amafuna kuphunzira kwambiri, - adzadziwire ndi osokoneza, koma osati wamba. dzina lake tsopano akupitiriza kukhala chizindikiro cha kayendedwe mtundu ndi Mzimu otentha ndipo, tinene, osati kwambiri ubongo ochenjera kuti akuchita zinthu zoopsa monga shelling m'madera zogona a mizinda zawo.