Wotchuka Alexander Nevsky? Malangizo chachikulu cha ntchito kalonga

Annals a boma Russian zambirimbiri m'nkhaniyi. Mmodzi wa iwo anasiya chizindikiro kukoma mbiri. Wotchuka Alexander Nevsky, amadziwika kuti munthu aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi chotenganawo boma Russian. Today pali zambiri mtsutso pakati pa olemba mbiri amakono zokhudza moyo ndi ntchito za umunthu chidwi.

Ubwana ndi unyamata wa Prince

Wambiri Aleksandra Nevskogo (masiku chinsinsi anaikira mu zaka 1233-1263) munayamba mwawonapo mawu kupambana asilikali. Komanso chidwi ndi mphindi ya unyamata ndipo mapangidwe khalidwe la Grand Duke.

Malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, Alexander anabadwa mu May 1220 mu mzinda wa Pereslavl-Zaleski akatswiri ena dzina 1221 pamene tsiku la kubadwa kwake, pamene ena amanena kuti nthawi zambiri kenako - zaka 1238-1240.

Alexander anali mwana wa Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich ndi mdzukulu wa lodziwika bwino agogo Vsevolod ya Big Nest. mayi wake - Feodosiya Mstislavna Toropetskaya, mwana wamkazi wa Mstislav Udatnogo, Kalonga wa Novgorod ndi Chigalashiya.

Kuyambira ndili mwana, angamulerere bambo Alesandro anasamala mwapadera. Mu 1225 mnyamatayo anali chizindikiro cha ndimeyi mu ankhondo. Prince kuyambira zaka zoyambilira lophunzira zochitika asilikali bwino ndi njira. Pa zaka 13 anapanga ulendo wake woyamba ndi bambo ake Dorpat, kumene woyamba nkhondo Livonians. maluso awa akhala akugwira naye zaka cha ulamuliro, ndi polimbana ndi adani. Wina iye ziphuphu maganizo wochenjera munthu, koma makamaka anasangalala akale chotsimikiziridwa njira - kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndikofunika kuposa wotchuka Alexander Nevsky mu zaka.

mfundo zoweta

Mu 1226, bambo ake anasiya naini chaka ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu Theodore Alexander kulamulira Novgorod, kusamalira kalonga boyar Fedor Danilovich ndi Yakim mkulu. Koma mtima wa Novgorod sanapereke olemekezeka achinyamata kuti akhale pa mpando kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo iwo anachoka ku dzikolo. Koma kale mu 1230, anthu a m'mayiko amenewa adamuyitananso Yaroslav kuti awalamulire, iye zinasaina pangano ndi anthu ndiponso abwanamkubwa ngati atsalira, kubwerera ana awo.

Popeza 1231, Alexander ndi m'bale wake umakhala mwamwambo Prince a Novgorod. zaka 2, patapita atsiku la ukwati wake, Fedor anafa mwadzidzidzi, ndipo onse pa impso ankadutsa Alexander.

Mu 1236 anatenga mpando wachifumu wa Kiev ndi Novgorod malamulo mwini. mfundo zoweta wa kalonga umalimbana kulimbitsa mphamvu zawo ndi kuteteza dziko kwa adani kunja, ndipo M'masiku amenewa anali ambiri.

Alexander akumanga mpanda, kumalimbitsa malire chuma chawo. Limasonkhanitsa misonkho, alandira zolemba ku cholowa Khan a m'mayiko Russian mwaukali kubisa zipolowe komanso gulu kugalukira. Mu zaka 50 pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Chitata mu Vladimir, iye rebuilds mzinda, amasamalirira wapadera ku akachisi. Koma ntchito yaikulu anali pa mfundo yachilendo. Prince dzina lake Aleksandr Yaroslavich Nevsky ntchito zonse nzeru zake, kuchenjera ndi luso pa munda.

The zamoyo zina za mfundo yachilendo

Zocitika za Prince Alexander a Novgorod, ndipo n'zochititsa chidwi kuti iye anali ndi luso asilikali mtsogoleri ndi nthumwi. Kulimbitsa cordons chuma mwini ndi kumenyana ndi kuukira zonse Ankhondo Livonia ndipo Swedish, Prince anayesa zidule za zokambirana kukwaniritsa kugona ndi Golden gulu, ndi kupewa nkhondo ya Chitata. M'chiwonongeko ndi chitayiko moyo wa munthu pambuyo pa kugunda zinali zazikulu kwambiri. Kuganizira pa funso zimene wotchuka Alexander Nevsky, inu muyenera kukumbukira kupambana kwake zamtendere ndi kunenera ntchitoyi vekitala ndi athandizapo yaikulu.

Wina dera mfundo yachilendo - kugona ndi Vatican. Mu umodzi wa mbiri ya anatchula kuti Papa akufuna kusamukira Russian kalonga pa chikhulupiriro Latin, koma mwapoyera anamukana ndi njira zimenezi.

Relations ndi asilikali a Sweden, Danes, Germany ndi Lithuanians

Ankhondo anatumiza chala papa, mu 1238 anapita kukamenyana ndi wa ukulu Novgorod. Pa nthawi iyi mu msonkhano panafika ndi Danes, asilikali a Sweden ndi Livonia Order. Chinthu choyamba chimene anatchuka kwambiri Alexander Nevsky pamaso Nkhondo ya Nyanja Peipus, - ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa mdani pa Izhora. Mu 1240, nkhondo chikuchitika mu m'kamwa mwa mtsinje Izhora Chidanishi Ankhondo. Independent utsogoleri wa asilikali ndi kulimba tikuonera nkhondowo, anabweretsa chigonjetso Novgorod.

Mu 1242, Alexander akubwerera kulamulira Pskov. Mu April chaka chomwecho izo zikuchitika wotchuka Battle pa Ice, imene mkulu anagonjetsa Teutonic Knights ndipo dzina Nevsky. Mu 1245 anasiya asilikali Chilituyaniya.

Monga tikudziwa kuchokera m'nthawi ya dzanja, ndi anthu awa, Prince osati kumenyana, komanso kugwirizananso malonda, mabanja a ana awo.

Zolotaya Orda ndi mfundo kalonga

Pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake Alexander akhadikhira kupeza Simungachite pa bolodi mu Vladimir, koma chifuniro cha dziko anachoka m'bale wace Andereya, ndi Nevsky anali mu Novgorod. Andrew anali mdani kuima wa Chitata, ndipo Alexander unachitikira mfundo kumvera. Mu 1252, Andireya ndi m'bale wake Jaroslaw anali motsutsa Chitata anali kwathunthu anagonjetsa, ndi kuchenjerera Andrew adapita kwa Khan Meng ndipo anatenga Simungachite pa umwini wa maiko onse a Russian. Asanafe, kalonga ankatsatira malamulo a appeasement wa Chitata.

Azambiriyakale, ndikuyankhula zomwe Alexander Nevsky anatchuka kwambiri, koma kuwina pa Livonia Order, amatchula mobwerezabwereza za mfundo wake zamtendere motsutsa Chitata. Prince anali wokhoza kumanganso mzinda ndi sanalole kuti amalize chiwonongeko, ngakhale kuti ana ake anakwanitsa kugonjetsa Chitata Mongol goli Russia.