Gawo mahomoni. Udindo wa mahomoni mu thupi

Mahomoni otchedwa m'nyanjazi mankhwala lathunthu zochitika za kayendesedwe ntchito thupi. Izi zinthu analandira osiyana angathe popereka chizindikiro maselo. ankachita izi ndizo zotsatira za kusintha malangizo ndi mphamvu ya kagayidwe, kukula ndi chitukuko za kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zofunika kapena yimitsira zawo ndi uphungu.

Timadzi - ndi organic mankhwala kaphatikizidwe omwe atuluka mu zopangitsa endocrine kapena endocrine mbali osokonezeka endocrine zopangitsa. Iwo zigwire mwachindunji chilengedwe mkati, imene mosintha anagawira natengedwa kuti zikhudze ziwalo. Apa amatha kumasintha zotsatira kwachilengedwenso amene anazindikira mwa maselo. Chifukwa aliyense timadzi ali kulunjika yekha kwa cholandilira makamaka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zimenezi zimakhudza ntchito limodzi kapena njira mu thupi. Gawo ndi zochita za mahomoni, minofu tropism ndi kapangidwe mankhwala zikusonyezedwa bwino.

The chithunzithunzi cha kufunika mahomoni

Gawo Modern mahomoni asamalira zinthu zimenezi ndi mfundo angapo a maganizo. Ndipo ndi ogwirizana ndi chinthu chimodzi: a timadzi otchedwa organic mankhwala, amene kaphatikizidwe amapezeka yekha mu thupi. pamaso pawo ndi khalidwe la pafupifupi inakhala zonse zimene lamulo ntchito thupi ndi bwino ntchito humoral ndi machitidwe mantha. Ndipo anaonekera kale kuposa mu phylogeny wa mantha dongosolo humoral zolimbana. Ngakhale nyama wosazindikira iye anali, ngakhale kuti anali ndi udindo woyang'anira ntchito kwambiri.

Mahomoni ndi zinthu biologically yogwira

Akukhulupirira kuti kwambiri dongosolo la kwachilengedwenso yogwira (anatsalira) ndi maselo enieni iwo ndi khalidwe ngakhale maselo. Komabe, mfundo "timadzi" ndi "Antiokeya" sali ofanana. Timadzi otchedwa Antiokeya, amene tochoka kukhala malo mkati ndi Njira ya gulu lakutali maselo. Antiokeya, nayenso amachita kwanuko. Zitsanzo za zinthu biologically yogwira, amene amatchedwa zinthu timadzi ngati ali chalones. zinthu izi akumasulidwa anthu foni, mmene ziletsa kubalana ndi malangizo aputosisi. Chitsanzo cha anatsalira alinso prostaglandins. Gawo Modern mahomoni allocates kwa iwo gulu lapadera la eicosanoids. Iwo anafuna kuti lamulo m'dera kutupa mu zimakhala ndi kugwira njira hemostatic pa mlingo wa arterioles.

Chemical gulu la timadzi

Mahomoni ndi mankhwala kapangidwe m'magulu angapo. Izi umawalekanitsa iwo ndi limagwirira kanthu, chifukwa zinthu zimenezi ndi osiyana ntchito tropism madzi ndi lipids. Choncho, mankhwala gulu la timadzi chiri motere:

• peputayidi gulu (allocated ndi pituitary England, ndi ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha, kapamba, ndi England parathyroid) ;
• steroid Gulu (endocrine allocated mbali ya gonads mwamuna ndi adrenal m'madera yokhudza kotekisi);
• gulu la opangidwa kuchokera kwa amino asidi (popangidwa ndi mabele England ndi adrenal wosanjikiza ubongo);
• gulu la eicosanoids (anatsindika maselo ndi apanga ku asidi arachidonic).

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti wamkazi mahomoni kugonana m'gulu gulu steroid. Komabe, mankhwala ndi zinthu zambiri simuli: chikoka mahomoni wa mtundu uwu si kugwirizana ndi zotsatira anabolic. Choncho kagayidwe awo sichichititsa mapangidwe 17 ketosteroids. mahomoni yamchiberekero, ngakhale amapanga ofanana ndi mankhwala ena, koma iwo siali. Chifukwa iwo apanga kwa mafuta m'thupi, wosalira classifications zofunika mankhwala, iwo n'chinthu chofunikira ena mankhwala.

Gawo pa malo kaphatikizidwe

wothandizila m'thupi akhoza kugawidwa ndi pa malo kaphatikizidwe. Ena anapanga mu zimakhala zotumphukira, pamene ena - mu dongosolo chapakati mantha. Pa izi zimatengera momwe katulutsidwe ndi kumasulidwa ndi zinthu zimene zimayambitsa kuzindikira makamaka za zotsatira zawo. Gawo mahomoni mu malo monga awa:

• mahomoni hypothalamic (kumasula mfundo);
• pituitary (lotentha mahomoni, vasopressin ndi oxytocin pamene);
• chithokomiro (calcitonin, triiodothyronine ndi tetraiodothyronine);
• parathyroid (parathyroid timadzi);
• nedpochechnikovye (norepinephrine, Epinephrine, aldosterone, tochepa, androgens);
• kugonana (oestrogens, androgens);
• pancreatic (glucagon, insulin);
• nsalu (leukotrienes, prostaglandins);
• APUD mahomoni (motilin, gastrin, etc.).

Gulu lomaliza la zinthu mahomoni si bwino. Iwo apanga mu gulu lalikulu kwambiri zopangitsa endocrine ili mu zigawo chapamwamba za m'mimba, chiwindi ndi kapamba. cholinga chawo zonse exocrine katulutsidwe wa zopangitsa m'mimba ndipo matumbo motility.

Gawo mahomoni mtundu zotsatira

Various m'thupi zinthu ndi zotsatira zosiyana mu zimakhala kwachilengedwenso. Iwo agawidwa m'magulu awa:

• kagayidwe kachakudya owongolera (glucagon; triiodothyronine; tetraiodothyronine; tochepa, insulin);
• asaaonerera pa ntchito za zopangitsa ena endocrine (ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha kumasuka zinthu, lotentha pituitary mahomoni);
• owongolera kashiamu ndi phosphorous kagayidwe (parathyroid timadzi, calcitonin ndi calcitriol);
• owongolera madzi amchere mgwirizano (vasopressin, aldosterone);
• owongolera wa ntchito yobereka (mahomoni kugonana);
• mahomoni stressor (norepinephrine, Epinephrine, tochepa);
• amazilamulira ndi zimasokoneza mlingo kukula kwa magawano maselo (zikule timadzi, insulin, tetraiodothyronine);
• owongolera wa chapakati mantha dongosolo, dongosolo limbic (hydrocortisone, adrenocorticotropic timadzi, testosterone).

The katulutsidwe mahomoni ndi mayendedwe

Katulutsidwe mahomoni zimachitika nthawi yomweyo pambuyo kaphatikizidwe awo. Iwo kugwa mwachindunji mu magazi kapena minofu madzimadzi. Last malo katulutsidwe khalidwe la eicosanoids: iwo ayenera kuchita kuchoka maselo, chifukwa ntchito ya malamulo nsalu lonse la anthu. Timadzi yamchiberekero, pituitary, kapamba, ndi ena ndi mwazi kufalikira thupi lonse pofunafuna ziwalo chandamale kuti ndi maselo enieni iwo. Kuyambira mwazi iwo afika mu madzimadzi intercellular, wotumidwa kwa khungu la chandamale limba.

Signal kutengerapo pa lilime la

Gulu pamwamba mahomoni kusonyeza thunthu la zotsatira pa zimakhala ndipo ziwalo. Ngakhale izi zimatheka pambuyo kumanga mankhwala kuti cholandilira lapansi. Recent zosiyana ndi ili pamwamba maselo mu cytoplasm, pa Kakhungu nyukiliya ndi mwa phata la. Chifukwa njira chizindikiro kufala zinthu anawagawa wiri:

• extracellular kufala limagwirira;
• chizindikiro transduction.

Izi gulu zofunika mahomoni amalola mumakumbukira nthawi za liwiro chizindikiro HIV. Mwachitsanzo, limagwirira extracellular ndi kwambiri mofulumira kuposa okhudza maselo ambiri a. Ndi khalidwe la zikuwonjezereka masiku ano, noradrenaline timadzi ena peputayidi. Okhudza maselo ambiri limagwirira Ndi mmene kwa mankhwala lipophilic. Komanso, kwa phindu la chamoyo zimatheka mofulumira kaphatikizidwe wa mapeputisayidi ndi. Pambuyo kupanga mahomoni steroid, msanga kwambiri ndi chizindikiro awo transduction limagwirira komanso kubweza kufunikira mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe ndi kusasitsa.

Mitundu khalidwe ma siginalo

Limagwirira extracellular ndi khalidwe mahomoni peputayidi, amene sakhoza apite kumbuyo nembanemba cytoplasmic mu cytoplasm popanda yeniyeni transporter mapuloteni. Per Seraya ndi ndondomeko ndi chizindikiro imafalikira kudzera adenylate dongosolo cyclase ndi kusintha conformation wa cholandilira maofesi iye.

Okhudza maselo ambiri limagwirira wosalira zambiri. Iwo ikuchitika pambuyo malowedwe a zinthu lipophilic mu selo, kumene akukumana ndi lilime cytoplasmic. Naye, ndipamene ndi timadzi-cholandilira zovuta, amene akulowa phata ndipo ali zimakhudzanso majini yeniyeni. kutsegula awo kumabweretsa kuyamba mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe, lomwe ndi mmene maselo a timadzi izi. Zotsatira chenicheni kale mapuloteni kuti nthawi ntchito anakhumba pambuyo kaphatikizidwe ake ndi maphunziro.