General makhalidwe a magwero a chilamulo

Society ndi Chomangika, amene umagwira ntchito ngati njira imodzi. Mbali imeneyi ya zochita za anthu wakhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngakhale mu masiku a m'madera onsewo, aliyense anadziwa kuti kupulumuka n'chotheka pamalo mtundu wawo. Komabe, zinthu zokhudza kukula makamaka, kapena kani, iwo amabwera chifukwa cha ntchito mwachindunji kwa yang'anira ubale chikhalidwe. M'mawu ena, mgwirizano ntchito anthu amalola yambitsa dera, fuko ngakhalenso mitundu yathunthu.

Kwa zaka zingapo chilengedwe chikhalidwe izo wayesedwa owongolera zosiyanasiyana za maubale, kuyambira chipembedzo ndi kutha chiwawa. Koma pafupifupi onse sangathe zimakhudzanso ngati pa anthu, lomwe masiku ano ali ndi ufulu. Zingatanthauze kuti nyumba imeneyi si chinachake zapamwamba. Choncho angafunike ntchito. Komabe, nthawi amasonyeza dzuwa, komanso ufulu kwambiri ntchito pa nkhani ya lamulo ubale chikhalidwe.

Pakali pano, pali chifaniziro cha gulu mu dziko. chitukuko chimaoneka ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu malamulo ndi mabanja onse. Koma kuliphunzira kuchita waukulu udindo wa magwero a lamulo. Malinga ndi dongosolo makamaka malamulo, magwero angakhale osiyana, imbaenda kulunjika awo, ndi mfundo zina zochititsa chidwi.

Lingaliro ambiri a gulu malamulo

Masiku ano pali zambiri luso. Koma pamodzi ndi uwu, inu mukhoza kupeza chodabwitsa, dongosolo, mawonekedwe ndi mbali ya zomwe inakhazikitsidwa zaka mazana angapo. Mwa awa ayenera kukhala m'gulu la ufulu. Tikumbukenso kuti makhalidwe a magwero a chilamulo n'chotheka pamaso pa mfundo za gulu pachiyambi. Amafotokozera otsiriza, nayenso, ndi dongosolo la malamulo abwino amene mtchatho ndi boma ndipo anazindikira monga zambiri kumanga.

M'mawu ena, malamulo khalidwe kukhala nduna boma, amene amapereka iwo unali woyenerera ena. Mfundo yaikulu kwambiri ya kumanja anayamba kupanga asayansi kwa zaka zambiri. Amathandiza kwambiri chitukuko siyana anapanga kutsatilidwa malamulo, amene analipo pa nthawi ya Roma. zochita za anthu m'dera lino walenga osati nthambi yeniyeni ya malamulo, komanso dzina womwewo wa sayansi, chifukwa omwe pali ambiri odziwika bwino lero mu gulu malamulo.

mbali Kiyi Wa chodabwitsa ndi

Mapangidwe a magwero a chilamulo N'zosatheka Mbali m'zigawo gulu ili, lomwe limafotokoza kulunjika ake. Panthawi zosiyanasiyana, asayansi olekanitsidwa zingapo zochititsa tamutchula m'nkhani chodabwitsa. Ndiko kuti, kumvetsa zotsatira malamulo zosiyanasiyana chifukwa kusintha chikhalidwe malamulo. Malinga ndi atsopano, chiphunzitso ambiri achinyamata, malamulo amakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• okwana kumanga kwa anthu onse opanda kuchotserapo;
• zolimbana enshrined zosonyeza mosavomerezeka;
• zokhudza zonse;
• boma chitsimikizo.

Ndithu mbali yomwe chikhalidwe ozindikira ndipo volitional wa gulu. kukhalapo kwake limasonyeza kuti chilamulo osati nthawi ngathi anthu, maphunzilo komanso zimachokera kwa anthu a. Zimene timaziona mu gulu la chifuniro ndi chidwi cha anthu.

Choncho, ufulu chodabwitsa m'malo chidwi lero. Koma pali Pankhaniyi, funso - Kodi magwero siyana ndi mmene akukhudzana tanthauzo lake mwachindunji? Kuti tiyankhe muyenera kuganizira mfundo magwero a lamulo. Khalidwe la iwo amapereka chiwerengero mabuku a mawu. Masomphenya chidziwitso ongolankhula za magwero amakulolani kuti nokha yankho kutchuka kwawo.

General makhalidwe a magwero a chilamulo

Kotero, ife tinapeza kuti onse a chilamulo - si kanthu koma dongosolo mtchatho wa malamulo. Koma chiphunzitso, pali chidwi gulu monga magwero a lamulo. Nthawi zambiri, munthu wamba mu msewu si kuchotsa chimene icho chiri.

General makhalidwe a magwero a Lamulo limati za zodabwitsazi monga mawonekedwe a Mawu a malamulo mtchatho Izi zimawathandiza kuti kudziwana ndi anthu ambiri anthu, ndipo zoopseza yeniyeni, kuwatsatira. Kuti, mu nkhani iyi, mfundo "mtundu" ndi "kasupe" malonda malamulo amadziŵika. Mfundo yofunika ndi mawu a pa nthawi yomweyo ndi dera la nucleation ake mwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la amakhazikitsa malamulo abwino, koma pamodzi ndi kuti zili m'gulu malamulo a boma ali maziko ake mwachindunji. Koma kuwonjezera pa terminology khalidwe la magwero a lamulo ayenera muli mawu za zochita zawo, amene lero zambiri.

Mitundu waukulu jurisprudence

Makhalidwe yaikulu ya malamulo likusonyeza zamoyo wa gulu lonse. Mfundo yofunika ndi kuti zimasonyeza za lamulo chimodzimodzi m'mayiko onse popanda yekha. kusiyana tikaganizira okha kufunika kwa gwero boma yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, kuti mayiko a Romano-Germany banja malamulo Nkofunika lamulo, koma mphamvu achingelezi amakonda kuyikapo ntchito wawo yekha pa chitsanzo. Pankhaniyi, izo zidalira pa malo a boma, mbiri yake, miyambo, fuko zikuchokera, ndi zina zotero. N. Funso la ntchito anthu kapena mitundu ina ndi mabvuto mbiri. Ndife chidwi mapangidwe a magwero a malamulo ndi nkhani imene mitundu ayenera allocated kwa gulu ili, motere:

• kuchita chilungamo;
• milandu chitsanzo;
• mchitidwe malamulo ;
• zolimbana mgwirizano;
• chiphunzitso dera kapena sayansi malamulo.

Pankhaniyi, ndi gwero la chikhalidwe ambiri. Iwo - ndi zofunikira zonse, popanda yekha, zamalamulo ndi mafakitale. kusiyana kwake, monga tanenera poyamba, adzakhala mpaka ntchito mawonekedwe ena. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha maonekedwe a magwero malamulo a mayikowo limasonyeza kuti nkhani ya chinsinsi makampani ungatengeso osati kuchita ofunda, komanso miyambo anthu mtchatho. Choncho, chifukwa makhalidwe cholinga kwambiri ayenera ayesedwa mu mawu a mawonekedwe awo aliko ongolankhula ndi sikugwirizana ndi makampani ina kapena banja malamulo.

Magwero woyamba ndi kufunika

Monga tikudziwa, lamanja kukhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. Kumene, mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi, sanali zambiri komanso mabuku monga ife ntchito kumuona lero. Koma ambiri a mbali ya ufulu wakale othandizanso. Choncho, mikhalidwe yaikulu ya malamulo N'zosatheka kutenga nkhani mbiri yawo.

Pakali pano, mitundu loyamba la mawu a malamulo institutionalized khalidwe chikhalidwe akhoza ankamuona ngati malamulo a Hammurabi, malamulo a XII matebulo, malamulo a Solon ndi Cleisthenes, ndi codification wa Justinian, Solicheskie Choonadi, ndi zina zotero N..

Kwa nthawi yaitali anthu anapatsidwa magwero patsogolo kwambiri malamulo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti zamoyo wa malamulo m'dziko. Komanso, aliyense mawonekedwe ali khalidwe chake zinthu zakale. Mwachitsanzo, mwambo ntchito mu Roma, nkhani ndi anabadwira ku Britain ndi lizikhala America ndi atsamunda, chiphunzitso akadali ntchito m'mayiko ambiri East, ndi zina zotero. D. Choncho, mitundu khalidwe la magwero a chilamulo ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi kuyembekezera zizindikiro zawo, amene anapanga pa pa nthawi yochuluka.

Lingaliro la kachitidwe malamulo

M'dziko lililonse pali malamulo, zikalata ndi zina zopereka ofanana malamulo ndi boma. Chiphunzitso, onse a iwo n'chinthu chofunikira zinthu zolembedwa za lamulo lomwe lili ndi dzina limodzi - kuchita malamulo. Mbiri, ndi imodzi mwa njira oyambirira akuti malamulo, kupatulapo mwambo kuti pa nthawi yatsoka wa PPA kale mwakhama ntchito.

Koma ngati ife kuganizira pano, malangizo tsopano ndi maziko a kuchuluka kwa zamalamulo. Chitsanzo ndi Russia, umboni ndi makhalidwe ake ongolankhula ndi malamulo. Magwero a chilamulo Russian athanzi padziko chimango ofunda, woimiridwa ndi zikalata mwalamulo zogwirizana ndicho malamulo, machitidwe a Pulezidenti ndi Boma, sheya mautumiki zolimbana ndi akuluakulu ena.

Ubwino NLA

Mtengo wa zochita malamulo waukulu ndithu. Iwo amakulolani agwirire ntchito za chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu. Kuwonjezera kupereka malamulo kawirikawiri amafuna kutanthauzira zina.

Ngati ife kulankhula za m'munda wa jurisprudence n'kotheka, pali mchitidwe normative alinso kwambiri mphindi positive. Mfundo yofunika ndi mtundu ili la chilamulo lipindulitsa pa anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo mtchatho munyengo zosiyanasiyana. Chinthu china chochititsa chidwi ndi kusintha Mwachangu kapena Kupha zochita zolimbana malamulo. Inde, ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya PPA akhoza kuzitcha izo mosavuta. Kutheka Kukonzanso malamulo amalola zonse kuwongolera ubale omwe angabuke anthu. Choncho, malamulo ndi chizindikiro cha dongosolo la demokalase komanso mwapang'onopang'ono malamulo mphamvu.

Kodi chitsanzo cha lamulo?

M'maiko a achingelezi malamulo banja sizisangalala ngati kutchuka kwambiri, zomwe iwo ali nazo mu Russia. UK, USA, ndi mphamvu zina zizichokera dongosolo wawo pa mfundo ya ulamuliro wa chitsanzo cha lamulo. Koma chimene chimapanga gulu?

Milandu kapena milandu chitsanzo - ndi banal njira milandu pa nkhani iliyonse, ndilo lovomerezeka ndi kumanga pa zinthu zonse zofanana.

Komano buku angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kutanthauzira miyezo ya munthu kapena chilamulo chonse. The kuli ngati mawonekedwe ndi chifukwa mbiri ya England, omwe anakhala kunayambira parliamentarism ndi zachilendo. Izo mu boma chikanachitika mbali kiyi umaimiridwa ndi gwero malamulo.

Zizindikiro za nkhani zachiweruzo

magwero onse, mitundu ya malamulo, mfundo, makhalidwe a zimene zili m'nkhani, pali ndithu chidwi chodabwitsa. Zimenezi imatsimikizirika ndi peculiarities lililonse gulu. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani milandu amakhala ndi mbali zitatu:

1. Choyamba, ndi zachilendo ndi kutanthauzira kolakwika. M'mawu ena, pakuwonekera kwake chifukwa cha chochitika mfundo ndi lakonzedwa kuthana ndi mavuto amenewa kapena zochitika mtsogolo. Chikutanthauza kuti unkagwiritsidwa Mosiyana ndi chitsanzo lamulo, malo amene ukulamulidwa zochitika lonse osiyanasiyana homogeneous.
2. Tiyeneranso kuganizira chizindikiro cha multiplicity la chitsanzo. Iye akulankhula za kuthekera kulenga mawonekedwe malamulo ambiri nthawi zosiyana. Kuti si makhoti akhoza amanena precedents. Kuchuluka kumakhala kuthekera chitsanzo kwa nthawi ndithu nthawi.
3. Kazuistichnot amadza isanachitikepo pa zosayembekezereka khalidwe, ndiko kusatsatira. Chibwenzi, lamulo kuti munthu wa zochuluka kwambiri. Izi zapangitsa kuti nambala yaikulu chigamulo cha khoti milandu ofanana. Komabe, iwo nthawi zambiri akutsutsana. Choncho, malamulo mlandu ndi kusintha, chifukwa pali zingapo zimene mungachite kuti akonze zinthu zenizeni.

makhalidwe anapereka akusonyeza kuti nkhani ndi maziko a kachitidwe dziko malamulo. magwero a malamulo adziko lonse lapansi khalidwe limasonyeza irrelevance fomu iyi mu zochitika za khalidwe supranational. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, anapatsidwa pomwe chitukuko cha maubale lero.

ndi mwambo uti

Zochita za magwero a chitetezo malamulo chikhalidwe, komanso boma, zigawenga, mayiko, ntchito ndi Boma ena nthawi zambiri, lilibe alionse ofotokoza za malamulo, miyambo. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa mawonekedwe anapereka ntchito kokha ena mafakitale, ndi lero si zogwirizana.

Komabe, mu malamulo adziko lonse lapansi asanakhale ndi mwambo akali ntchito. Ndi osalembedwa, palibe amodzi khalidwe malamulo kumanga lomwe chifukwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Monga ife kumvetsa izo, pakuti chilamulo chigawenga fomu iyi sangathe, chifukwa izo zifika kuchuluka kwa zochita chikhalidwe zowopsa nkhani zomwe chisankho ziyenera kuchokera pa malamulo a peremptory ya malamulo ndi zachilendo. Ndipo jurists zambiri amachita ntchito miyambo malamulo. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa gawo boma kutsegula kwa luso.

Mu malamulo adziko lonse lapansi, mwambo malinga ndi kulunjika kwambiri za kuchuluka kwa malamulo, chifukwa mutu wake ndi boma ndi machitidwe osiyana malamulo. Komanso, ambiri a mgwirizano wa mayiko kwa zaka zambiri apangidwa kale.

Chiphunzitso ndi zolimbana mapangano monga magwero a chilamulo: lingaliro, mitundu, makhalidwe

Poyamba anagonjera mitundu ndi wotchuka kwambiri ndipo samasowa masiku ano. Koma ochepa mukudziwa kuti gwero malamulo ndi chiphunzitso malamulo ndi mapangano muyezo.

Gulu loyamba - ndi sayansi. Pakali pano, mu nkhani ya chilengedwe sayansi cholinga ambiri zimagwirira alipo malamulo ndi mabungwe. Ndi chiphunzitso akhoza kukhala m'gulu la malemba ena achipembedzo, chifukwa iwo pali malamulo amene, malinga ndi mtundu ndi zikhulupiriro za anthu ndi lamulo. Malo ambiri odalirika a chiphunzitso malamulo Tingaone kuti ku Sharia, kapena lamulo la chisilamu.

Pankhani mapangano normative, lili m'chifanizo cha kachitidwe normative. Koma ngati iwowa ndi kupelekedwa ndi matupi ovomerezeka a boma, mgwirizanowo - mgwilizano wa zipani zambiri pa nkhani iliyonse.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya magwero malamulo. Zikuphatikizapo malamulo, ntchito, utsogoleri, mgwirizano ndi zina zotero N..

Pomaliza

Choncho, magwero a malamulo, mfundo, ndi makhalidwe ambiri amene anapereka m'nkhani, pali kiyi gulu, popanda yekha, onse jurisprudence. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo - mosamalitsa munthu chodabwitsa lililonse dziko. Inde, malinga, mbiri ndi zina za mphamvu chikhalidwe malamulo, buku lina kungakhale zogwirizana kuposa ena. Chimenechi ndi chinthu chachikulu ntchito anafotokoza m'nkhani gulu.