Spermatogenesis ndi chiyani? Kuona nthawi

Mu amuna ndi akazi thupi mosalekeza ndondomeko kusasitsa wa gametes. Ndipo ngati madona onse pankhaniyi bwino zokwanira, amuna kukhala chinsinsi. Ndi chodziwikiratu kuti munthu kutali mankhwala kwambiri ndinkadabwa chimene spermatogenesis. Koma nalo lingaliro zingakhale zabwino kukuza kudziwa ambiri ndi kumvetsa bwino Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa zawo.

tanthauzo

Ndiyambe ulendowu impromptu mu zamoyo ndi histology bwino mu m'munsi chiphunzitso. Ndiye kodi spermatogenesis? ndondomeko imeneyi, yomwe ndi mapeto mankhwala a dontho la umuna. magawo onse a olamulidwa ndi mahomoni ndi wamanjenje dongosolo.

Lililonse mkombero kumatenga za makumi asanu ndi anayi masiku. Izi katatu kuposa akazi, koma maselo nyongolosi okhwima, nayenso, malamulo angapo zoopsa kwambiri. Pa ola lililonse kwa masiku 90 mu testis ndi kukula miliyoni zana yogwira umuna. Kutentha omasuka kwambiri kwa ndondomekoyi - 34-35 madigiri Celsius.

Spermatogenesis akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu kapena nthawi:

- KUCHULUKA;
- meiosis;
- spermatogenesis.

nthawi

Kodi spermatogenesis? Izi ndondomeko yotsatana magawo ndi amene ali sitepe. Akatswiri mitundu zinayi za kusintha zimakhala ndi:

- chulutsa maselo;
- kukula;
- kupsa;
- mapangidwe umuna.

Zonse izi zikuchitika mu tubules seminiferous, ili mkati machende a. Wosanjikiza kunja kwa maselo n'kupanga mpanda tubular, - spermogonii. Iwo kosalekeza anagawa mitotically. ndondomeko limayamba asanabadwe ndipo akupitiriza mpaka zaka twente-faifi. Maselo kugawanitsa kwambiri moti nthawi imene wotchedwa nthawi ya kubereka.

Pambuyo isanayambike msinkhu spermatogonia m'magulu awiri:

- amene kupitiriza kugawanitsa;
- amene asamukira ku likulu la tubule mu zone kukula.

Pa malo atsopano maselo kuwonjezera kukula, ali cytoplasm wolemera mu zakudya. Wa spermatogonia akusinthika mu spermatocytes a dongosolo loyamba. Nthawi imeneyi, spermatogenesis lililonse spermatocytes anapanga bulanchi awiri, ndi kwa iwo kale spermatids.

Spermatids ndiye wogawana anagawira pa testis ndi, amaika mumsewu izo kuchokera mkati. Ndipo pa nthawi kenako okhwima mu umuna, amene kugwera mu deferens vas, ndiyeno - mu mkodzo ndi.

kUCHULUKA

Pa nembanemba yaikulu ya tubules seminiferous imakonzedwa spermatogonia, amene chiwerengero pa nthawi ya kusasitsa kugonana angafikire biliyoni. Malinga ndi zochititsa morphological polimbikitsana:

- mu maselo kuwala kwa mtundu A;
- mdima maselo a mtundu A;
- mtundu selo B.

Mdima spermatogonia ndi kuthetsa, ali inert boma patsogolo nthawi imene ayenera ukapezeka (pambuyo matenda aakulu kapena walitsa). maselo Bright mosalekeza kugawanitsa mitotically kumachita ngati maselo A ndi B-mtundu.

Chifukwa cha spermatogenesis mu nthawi embryonic, ndipo chibadwire kwa zaka 14 chifukwa anthu anapeza ndithu thamanda la maselo akhoza kusiyanitsa mu umuna. Zimenezi zimawachititsa wautali wobereketsa kuposa akazi (mazira 300 okha, ndipo iwo sachita nawo).

Meiosis: spermatogenesis

Spermatogonia zokhudza maselo a B-yoyamba kangapo zidzasankhidwa ndi mitosis ndi kukhala spermatocyte kuti poyamba. chipindacho, nayenso ali anagawa, koma osati uniformly, ndi meiosis. Kumapeto kwa gawo loyamba anapanga maselo mwana wamkazi awiri - wachiwiri kuti spermatocytes, omwe limapangidwa nambala theka DNA. Gawo lachiwiri itha mawonekedwe spermatids awiri ndi aliyense spermatocytes.

A okwana maselo anayi latsopano zichokera kwa wina. Aliyense ali ndi haploid ya DNA, ndipo mwina m'tsogolo nawo chonde kwa dzira.

spermatogenesis

Mosiyana spermatogenesis oogenesis kuchokera mu chomaliza ayenera kukhala ndi anthu maselo zing'onozing'ono ali ndi mfundo chibadwa, osati wina, koma chachikulu ndi zonse zakudya.

Kuti kunapezeka spermatocytes umuna, ayenera kukumana angapo kusintha kwakukulu morphological. Aliyense spermatid ili pafupi ndi maselo Sertoli, kumene "kukula". Choyamba anamaliza khungu, ndiye kukopedwa ndipo zikuoneka ndi acrosomal granules. inclusions awa ndiye anasonkhana pa limodzi la mitengo yonyamulira ya muchipindachi, ndipo pali "acrosomal kapu".

Mitochondria ali Zachepetsedwa pakati pa khungu, iwo kudzalimbikitsa umuna patsogolo. The cytoplasm akupitiriza kutambasula, ndi mchira aumbike. Kamodzi selo amamuonera mawonekedwe bwino, kusasitsa udzatha, ndipo imatenga malo ake padziko lamkati la chingwe spermatic.

Features mapangidwe maselo

spermatogenesis ndi chiyani? - ndondomeko amene chachikulu cholinga ndi zikamera wa wokhwima maselo wathanzi nyongolosi, ndi kuchuluka kwa mfundo chibadwa. Ntchito yonse umuna maonekedwe a khungu woyambira amatenga mwezi wathunthu.

Iwo apanga ndi michere yeniyeni, zomwe zimathandiza kupeza dzira tifike kwa ilo, kupasuka kwa m'chimake kumatenda ndi kupanga zygote maselo wamwamuna nyongolosi. Iwo anaikira mu chomwecho acrosomal chipewa, lomwe kale zafotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Chinthu china ndi umuna motility. Ukusunthira linagwira ku n'kuwasanganiza kwa mazira chubu ndi chiberekero mkati kokha kupyolera mogwirizana ndi fimbriae, translational zoyenda wa cilia ndi peristalsis machubu. Umuna ali ndi mchira, yomwe imateteza bakiteriya udzakhalire, ndipo amakankhira patsogolo ena maselo.

Ubwino ndi viability ya umuna amakhudza phwando mankhwala, mowa, mankhwala ndi fodya, ndi zinthu zina exogenous ndipo amkati.

Zinthu kulimbikitsa ndondomeko

Zonse nyongolosi maselo spermatogenesis amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zotsatira za zinthu chowawa. Kulakwila mnjira zina magawo ake kungachititse kuti wotsikirapo chonde kapena kukhala osabereka.

Ngakhale kuti kugonana wamphamvu anthu amaona kuti kukhala colimba mwa mawu a thanzi, thupi mwamuna owonetsetsa dontho mu thupi kutentha ndi matenda tizilombo. Zokwanira chimfine ndi hyperthermia pang'ono, kuononga maganizo pakati mwana miyezi itatu.

Choncho, amuna ayenera kusunga malangizo zofunikira mankhwala chisamaliro thupi lanu kusunga ntchito ya ubeleki kwa nthawi yaitali:

- Mulimonsemo osati kuvala zovala zothina, amene akhoza kusokoneza magazi ndiponso kwanuko kuonjezera kutentha;
- kupewa maulendo kawirikawiri saunas ndi malo osambira;
- mosamala kutenga mankhwala mankhwala odana ndi mahomoni.

Ena akazi nkhawa chakuti iwo amalephera pakati, kuyesera zimakhudza thupi mwamuna kusintha umuna. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kusiyanitsa zakudya, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa, kupewa pafupipafupi dosing wa mankhwala, kumwa tiyi mankhwala m'malo khofi thupi, ndipo nthawi kupita minofu ndi.

njira zina kukhudzana

Oogenesis ndi spermatogenesis akhoza kumatheka chongopeka. Kuti tichite zimenezi, achite abwenzi m'thupi kukondoweza mu zipatala mankhwala banja. Childs, njira zimenezi zimachitidwa mabanja amene wasankha mwana mwa lidzawagwiritsenso (mu m'galasi umuna) kapena ICSI (okhudza maselo ambiri jekeseni umuna).

Komabe, njira zimenezi ndi osadziteteza chifukwa onse awiri, ndi ogalamutsa yokumba ziletsa ulimi wa mahomoni yake ndi kukulitsa osabereka. Kutsegula chilengedwe cha spermatogenesis amapezeka amuna amene ali mu chikondi. ubongo synthesizes mahomoni zosiyanasiyana zothandiza osati khalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa umuna, komanso kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kuwonjezera minofu kamvekedwe ndi imathandizira kagayidwe.

umuna

Pofuna bwanji kubalana ndi kupanga umuna, m'pofunika kuchita Khadili ejaculate lapansi. phunziro ili mwatsatanetsatane kudziwa chiwerengero cha khalidwe lolimbikitsa umuna, kudziwa kusintha pathological pa siteji oyambirira (ngati).

Mu ejaculate wabwinobwino ndi loyera kapena grayish madzi kukhala acidity ndale. Mu milliliter munthu ayenera muli osachepera 20 miliyoni umuna, ndi pa 25 peresenti ya iwo kukhala yam'manja. Komanso chiwerengero cha maselo yachibadwa oyenera umuna ayenera kukhala osachepera theka la chonse pamodzi. Malinga ndi mfundo Health Organization World, pafupi makumi asanu pa zana la umuna akhale moyo ndipo palibe monyanyira mu kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe. The umuna amaloledwa zonyozeka kukhalapo kwa maselo kuzungulira ndi leukocytes. maselo ofiira, macrophages, ndi amyloid corpuscles Sali olandilidwa.

Kusiyanitsa zizindikiro umuna amenewa:

- normogramma;
- oligospermia - pang'ono umuna;
- polyspermy - zambiri ejaculate;
- viskozipatiya - kwambiri kukhuthala;
- oligozoospermia - otsika umuna kuwerenga;
- azoospermia - palibe umuna mu madzimadzi;
- asthenozoospermia - kulephera kuyenda morphologically unmodified spermatozoa.

Pali zina zimene mungachite, koma ichi ndi milandu ambiri.