German malamulo. State Kapangidwe ka unawonongedwa Germany

Pambuyo mapeto a mitembo ya Wachiwiri World kumadzulo gawo la Germany, anagwirizana utakhala zone (UK, US ndi France), anayamba kukwera mabwinja. Izi n'zimene dongosolo boma la dziko limene wadziwa ululu wa Nazism. German Constitution anavomera mu chaka cha 1949, wotsimikiziridwa ndi mabwalo ndi aphungu, yomwe inachokera pa mfundo za ufulu wa anthu, ufulu federalism.

Chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti, poyamba chikalatacho Analeredwa monga lamulo wogwirizira zoyambirira za nyengo Transitional, panopa kumaliza kugwirizana andale a mbali ziwiri za boma. Monga zinafotokozedwa mu FUNDO lapansi. Koma ndiye German 1949 malamulo wakhala chimatengedwa ngati opambana kwambiri mbiri German. Pambuyo reunification la Germany zotsatira zosakhalitsa chikalata anali zichotsedwa ku FUNDO lapansi. Choncho, malamulo pambuyo nkhondo akadali ntchito lerolino.

FRG Constitution mfundo ya zomangamanga ake ndi lamulo, mmenemo anati, wakhala mwapang'onopang'ono kwambiri chikalata, amene kunathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha demokalase mu kusinthidwa kwaulere Germany. Osati kanthu pa nkhani yake yoyamba naintini kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane ufulu wa nzika za boma kumene analenga ndiponso kudzipereka bwino demokalase.

Mfundo zimenezi malamulo German monga mitanda kunja kwa mbiri ya anthu German mdima Nazi zapitazi. Kupereka nzika mipata yokwanira kwa kukwanilitsidwa kwa ufulu wawo lamulo lofunika pa nthawi yomweyo loletsa kuchita chilichonse chimene ali kuopseza kuchita dongosolo demokalase ndi maziko a Chitukuko European. Mu 1951, Constitutional Court chinafika ku Germany. Izi zili chinthu china kwambiri pa njira yovuta kumanga demokalase mu dziko, mpaka posachedwapa akukumana kupambana ndi kulephera kwa Socialism National.

kuwulula kwambiri chinali chakuti, pansi pa malamulo atsopano, dera lonse la Germany West inaletsedwa osati ntchito za zosiyanasiyana maphwando-phiko Wachiwiri-Nazi, komanso chikominisi. iwowa akhoza kuonedwa monga ngati kugwedeza kwa wogonjetsa mphamvu anagwirizana. Komanso German Constitution la 1949 amakhazikitsa ena lalikulu mfundo za demokalase: udindo waukulu wa lamulo, chikhalidwe zochokera mabungwe a ulamuliro boma ndi kapangidwe boma la dziko.

Pankhaniyi, kuti kusinthidwa aliyense, kusintha ndi kuwonjezapo kwa lamulo zofunika kwenikweni amafuna kuti akugwirizana ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi-magawo awiri osachepera wa mamembala a Bundestag ndi Bundesrat. Komabe, chakudya zenizeni za Constitution sakanamvera kusintha, ngakhale mu nkhani iyi. Pali mwachionekere anakhudzidwa ndi tikuphunzirapo ku Nazi atayamba kulamulira ndi zipatso za ntchito zawo.

Mfundo federalism, omwe ndi nzika za dziko boma ndi mbiri yakale mwambo Germany. mawonekedwe yomanga boma linakhazikitsa njira yovuta kwa federalism centralized chitsanzo yamakono ya mukupanga federalism umene aliyense m'dziko ndi ophunzira ofanana mu moyo ndale za boma, boma mwini wake, malamulo ndi makhalidwe ena a statehood. chipangizo otere anacheukira ananena ndi malamulo nkhondoyo, monga abwino kwambiri pa miyambo mbiri ya anthu German. Tsopano Germany ndi lili ambiri anayamba mu Europe ndi malamulo ntchito.