Gerunds mu English

mitundu wapakamwa - mfundo yofunika kwambiri kuphunzira chinenero china, ndipo ngati mwaganiza kuphunzira chinenero mwangwiro, kutenga phunziro kwambiri ndi mosamala. M'nkhaniyi tiona gerunds, ndi za zimene ndi gerund mu Chingerezi.

Chotero anaitana sanali munthu gerund verebu mu chingelezi, amene anapanga ndi kujowina mapeto a mneni tsa. Mwachitsanzo: mneni - kuwerenga, gerund - kuwerenga. Mu malingaliro Chirasha ofanana gerund ayi. Mawu kuwerenga chitsanzo pamwamba angamasuliridwe monga kuwerenga. Choncho, ngakhale kuti gerund mu Chingerezi ndi mtundu wa mneni, m'pamenenso iwo ali ndi zizindikilo za nauni. Ngati ife kulankhula za ntchito yake chiweruzo, izo zikhoza kukhala, ndipo amathandiza (mwachindunji kapena prepositional) ndi predicative. Gerund akhoza yoyamba akuti ndi prepositions.

Ngati pali nauni ndi tanthauzo mofanana gerund ntchito mwa inu, ndi bwino ntchito nauni (Mwachitsanzo: kudza kwake - osati wake pobwera, ndipo kufika wake).

Gerunds mu English angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Iwo akhoza kukhala pakali pano (I Dana kuwombera - Ine sindimakonda kuwombera); mu mawonekedwe wangwiro (Ife tinali ndi mlandu ndi kumulola iye kuti mlandu waukulu - tinali mlandu chakuti ife adampatsa mlandu waukulu); mu mawonekedwe a mawu chabe (T Hei onse sindimakonda kuti ikunenedwa - iwo onse sindimakonda kulankhula za iwo); komanso mu mawonekedwe oipa (Posadziwa kuti, iye anachoka kunyumba - osadziwa choti kunena, anachoka kwawo).

Tiyeni tione zitsanzo za ntchito gerund monga mutu, mkhalidwe ndi kuwonjezapo:

Flying kumupanga iye odwala.

Pa ndege izo odwala. (Mutu)

Iye salola kusuta pano.

Iwo saloledwa fodya kuno. (Direct Kuwonjezera)

Iye sakhulupirira kugula mowa monga chuma.

Iye sanaganize kuti kugula mowa - ndalama opindulitsa. (Prepositional womuyenerera)

ntchito ndimaikonda akuyenda.

ntchito ndimaikonda - kuyenda. (Predicative)

Popeza Chingerezi gerund anawagwiritsa ali, kwenikweni angapo wa mneni makhalidwe. Monga gawo ili woyankhula, ndi gerund amatenga kumbuyo mvu: Ndimakonda kuwerenga mabuku - ndimakonda kuwerenga mabuku (mabuku - Kuwonjezera gerund a).

Koma chonde dziwani kuti pamene gerund ntchito ndi nkhaniyi, sipatenga chinthu mwachindunji, ndi kuwerenga mabuku lidzasinthidwa kuwerenga mabuku.

Nthawi zambiri, ndi gerund ntchito mawu womana ndi chiwerengero cha mawu attributive (monga izi, aliyense, ena, etc), zomwe zikusonyeza kanthu mumpanduko. Mwachitsanzo: Kodi kusuta wanga Musiyeni inu? - Inu simuli kovuta chifukwa chakuti ndikusuta;? Palibe chiyembekezo chotulukako lake bwino - Palibe chiyembekezo kuti achire.

Ngati ife kulankhula za lingaliro monga zinayankhulidwa English chinenero, ndi gerund Pankhaniyi ntchito zochepa zambiri, ndipo m'malo akuti womana kapena mawu m'sentensi manauni attributive kuoneka, kapena angapo akuti munthu. Mwachitsanzo: Iye anaumirira wanga kuwerenga kalatayo .

Komanso, akuti munthu ndi manauni pang'ono yoyenera kwambiri milandu kumene nauni akufotokoza chinthu zopanda moyo, kapena pamene gerund ndi ofunika mu mawonekedwe a mawu chabe. Mwachitsanzo: Iye anadabwa kwambiri pa Mr Black kuti anamangidwa - anali wodabwa pamene Bambo Black anamangidwa; Panalibe chiyembekezo cha mvula polekezera kwa ora lina - Pali chiyembekezo kuti mvula adzaleka ola lotsatira.

Nthawi zambiri ntchito ya gerund ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau nzeru ndi manauni ndi mapuronauni munthu. Mwachitsanzo: Anaona ine kuwachepera kuti m'kalasi - Anaona momwe ine anathawa kalasi.

Choncho, gerund mu chingelezi sizachilendo, makamaka pakati kuchigwiritsa ntchito. N'chifukwa chake ophunzira ndi anthu wamba amene akuphunzira English, ndipo ndikufuna ungwiro wawo, muyenera kudziwa malamulo zoyambirira za ntchito mawonekedwe chabe. Choyamba, muyenera khutu ku kusiyana mu ntchito gerunds ndi infinitives (m'chiganizo kwa infinitive ndi gerund ndi zina ntchito yofanana, kotero zimavuta kwambiri kusankha kumene ndi zimene mtundu wa mneni ntchito yabwino ndi cholandirika), kumvetsa mitundu ya gerund, ndipo kumvetsa kumene kuli koyenera ndi zomwe sizikuyenda. Nkhaniyi basi dziŵani ndi mfundo zazikulu, amene ali subtleties ambiri intersnyh ndi zina zabwino. Kupambana kuphunzira English!