Grounding ndi zikutha - kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse? Magetsi grounding ndi zikutha

Polozera kayendedwe ka particles mlandu, wotchedwa magetsi inawadutsa, zipangitsa moyo wabwino mwamuna ano. Popanda, musati ntchito kupanga ndi kumanga ubongo, zipangizo zogwiritsa mu zipatala, pali chitonthozo mu kunyumba, osagwira m'matauni ndi intercity zoyendera. Koma magetsi ali mtumiki wa munthu yekhayo mu nkhani ya kulamulira, koma ngati mlandu ma elekitironi adzatha kupeza njira ina, zotsatira zake aakulu. miyeso Special ntchito popewa zinthu zosayembekezereka, chinthu chachikulu - kumvetsa zimene kusiyana ndi. Grounding ndi zikutha kuteteza munthu ku mantha magetsi.

Polozera kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi ikuchitika pamene tikuyenda pa njira ya kukana osachepera. Pofuna kupewa Ndime ya panopa mwa thupi la munthu, izo akufuna ina ndi zomvetsa osachepera, amene amathandiza pansi zikutha. Kodi kusiyana pakati pawo, kumvetsa.

grounding

Grounding wochititsa wina wapangidwa ndi iwo kapena gulu, amene ali kukhudzana ndi nthaka. Ndi kuti resets kulowa zitsulo casing wa aggregates Voteji ziro kukana njira, i.e. pansi.

Chotero magetsi grounding ndi ndale grounding zida zamagetsi makampani ndi zofunika kwa zipangizo ndi zitsulo mbali kunja. Wokhudza munthu mtembo wa firiji kapena makina ochapira kuti mphamvu, sadzachititsa mantha magetsi. Chifukwa chaichi, ntchito malo ogulitsira wapadera zitsulo.

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya RCD

Ntchito abwino mafakitale ndi banja zida ntchito chipangizo (RCD) , pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za masiwichi basi masiyanidwe. ntchito zawo zachokera kufanana kwa ukubwera gawo wochititsa magetsi ndi akutulukira kuchokera nyumba ndi wochititsa ziro.

Normal ntchito dera magetsi limasonyeza amatsatira mfundo panopa m'madera mutu, utuluke akuuzidwa mbali zosiyana. Kuti pitirizani equilibrated zochita zawo kuonetsetsa ntchito moyenera wagawo ndi, mayunitsi ndi unsembe wa grounding ndi zikutha.

A yopuma mbali iliyonse ya kutchinjiriza kumabweretsa kutayikira wakuti panopa pansi kupyola zowonongeka malo anyalanyaza ntchito ndale kondakitala. The RCD kukuonetsedwa vutoli panopa, chipangizo basi akutembenukira kutali kulankhula ndi voteji Mwamsanga kuwoloka lonse chiwembu opaleshoni.

Pakuti aliyense osiyana zikhalidwe ntchito Amawapatsa kuti apereke RCD tripping ambiri osiyanasiyana monga kusintha ndi ku milliamps 10 300. chipangizo ntchito mofulumira, tripping nthawi yachiwiri.

The ntchito chipangizo grounding

Kuti angagwirizanitse grounding wagawo ku nyumba ya zoweta kapena mafakitale zida ntchito wochititsa Pe amene ali linanena bungwe kuchokera gulu kudzera mzere osiyana ndi linanena bungwe lapadera. Kamangidwe imapereka kugwirizana kwa lapansi, nanga cholinga cha grounding lapansi. Mosiyana ndi nthaka zikutha tichipeza chakuti pa nthawi koyamba pamene kulumikiza pulagi kuti zitsulo ndi gawo ntchito si ziro zipangizo ndi basi anatumizanso lamya. Mogwirizana Mwamsanga pa nthawi yomaliza, pamene kukhudzana tidutse. Choncho, chimango pansi ali wodalirika komanso mosalekeza opaleshoni.

Awiri grounding chipangizo njira

chitetezo ndi voteji mpopi dongosolo lagawidwa:

• yokumba:
• achilengedwe.

Amapanga pansi lapangidwira kuteteza zida ndi anthu. Zipangizo zawo zifunika yopingasa ndi ofukula zitsulo zitsulo kotenga zinthu (kambirimbiri chitoliro ndi m'mimba mwake ndi kwa masentimita 5 kapena ngodya № № 40 kapena 60 m'litali kuchokera 2.5 kuti 5 m). Choncho osiyana kuzimiririka ndipo grounding. kusiyana ndi kuti zimatengera katswiri kuchita khalidwe zikutha.

Natural lapansi maelekitirodi ntchito pa nkhani ya malo apafupi pafupi chinthu, kapena nyumba zogona. Monga chitetezo zimapezeka mipope nthaka anapanga zitsulo. Kodi si kumwedwa zoteteza mzere ndi mpweya flammable, zakumwa, ndi payipi ndi zipupa za kunja asonyezedwa ndi ❖ kuyanika anticorrosive.

zinthu zachilengedwe osati kuteteza zamagetsi, komanso kukwaniritsa cholinga chawo chachikulu. The kuipa kugwirizana amenewa amapereka mwayi kwa conduits mokwanira osiyanasiyana a anthu ndi mabungwe loyandikana misonkhano, amene amalenga chiopsezo kunyengerera kukhulupirika kwa kugwirizana.

zikutha

Komanso pansi, zina, ntchito zikutha, m'pofunika kusiyanitsa kusiyana. Grounding ndi zikutha voteji mpopi, basi kuchita izo mwa njira zosiyanasiyana. Yachiwiri njira ndi magetsi kugwirizana nyumba, boma yachibadwa palibe voteji, ndipo linanena bungwe limodzi-gawo mphamvu zoyendetsera ndale wochititsa thiransifoma kapena jenereta, gwero DC pa mfundo zake pakati. Pamene zikutha voteji ku nyumba ya amachoka ku wapadera yogawa bolodi kapena thiransifoma pamalowa.

zikutha The ntchito milandu kukakhala osayembekezereka kapena kuwonongedwa kwa kutchinjiriza thupi kapena zipangizo mafakitale. A dera lalifupi, zikubweretsa mafyuzi lotengeka ndi yomweyo shutdown basi, iyi ndi kusiyana pakati pa nthaka ndi zikutha.

zikutha mfundo

Variable-gawo madera ntchito ziro wochititsa zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Pofuna kupewa ngozi magetsi analandira mothandizidwa ndi zotsatira za dera lalifupi ndi voteji akuwuka pa nyumba ndi zinthu gawo pa zochitika yovuta. Choncho pali panopa kuposa mlingo mwadzina wa matazo dera ndi ikutha kukhudzana.

chipangizo zikutha

Kodi osiyana grounding ndi kuzimiririka, ndipo Tingaone chitsanzo cha kugwirizana. nyumba ya chikugwirizana ndi waya osiyana ndi ziro pa bolodi kugawa. Chifukwa chaichi, ndi kubwereketsa lachitatu olumikizidwa kwa wochititsa chingwe magetsi anapereka kwa osachiritsika izi zitsulo ndi. Njira imeneyi ali ndi mwayi kuti kwa zodziwikiratu chitsekere wolemera pamafunika kukula panopa kuposa malo anakonzeratu. Ngati mode wabwinobwino, chipangizo disconnecting chimathandiza chipangizo ntchito ndi panopa 16 amperes, ang'ono kutayikira kuwonongeka panopa mupitilize shutdown.

Pambuyo pake, zimaonekeratu kodi kusiyana pakati pa nthaka ndi zikutha. Thupi la munthu pamene pansi panopa 50 milliamperes ndi sikungatithandize mtima kumangidwa amapezeka. The zikutha zizindikiro izi wa panopa akhoza kuyankha, kuyambira ntchito yake ndi kulenga katundu wokwanira zotiyesa ojambula.

Grounding ndi kuzimiririka, kodi pali kusiyana?

Pakati pa njira ziwiri izi, pali kusiyana:

• ndi grounding ndi muyeso panopa ndi voteji akuwuka pa nyumba ya zikumatayidwa mwachindunji mu nthaka, ndi pa zikutha bwererani ku ziro mu gulu ndi;
• grounding ndi njira yabwino kwambiri ateteze anthu kanthu kuchokera mantha magetsi;
• pamene ntchito grounding chitetezo analandira chifukwa kuchepa lakuthwa mu voteji, ndipo amapereka ntchito zikutha pa mzere gawo, yomwe panali kusokonezeka nyumba ya;
• mu ntchito ya zikutha kuti kufotokoza moyenera mfundo ziro ndi kusankha njira chitetezo adzafunikira thandizo katswiri magetsi ndi grounding ndi kusonkhanitsa mizere ndi kuzamitsa iyo mu nthaka akhoza kukhala nyumba mbuye mmisiri.

Grounding dongosolo voteji kumaliseche lili pansi kudzera makona ya mbiri zitsulo, welded pa malo. Bwino anakonza dera amatiteteza, koma ayenera kutsatira malamulo onse. Malinga mmene zinafunika ndi osankhidwa grounding ndi ndale earthing a makhazikitsidwe magetsi. zikutha kusiyana ndi kuti mbali zonse za chipangizo, ndilo zambiri osati pansi panopa, chikugwirizana ndi wochititsa ndale. Mwachisawawa gawo kukhudza zikutha mwatsatanetsatane chipangizo akutitsogolera kuti kukwera mu zida panopa ndi okhawo.

Ndale kulimbikira ziro waya Mulimonsemo zosakwana chizindikiro dera chomwecho pansi, pamene dera lalifupi amapezeka zikutha, lomwe mfundo sizingatheke ndi makona zadothi. Pambuyo poyerekezera kachitidwe awiri kuyenera kusiyana bwino. Grounding ndi zikutha amasiyana pa njira ya chitetezo, monga mwayi wakutentha-kuchokera pa nthawi, waya ndale, chifukwa chimene ayenera nthawi zonse kuyang'aniridwa. The zikutha amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nyumba Mipikisano storey, chifukwa iwo alibe nthawi zonse mwayi wodalirika komanso wathunthu grounding.

Grounding zimadalira pa gawo khalidwe la chida, pamene zinthu zina zofunika polumikiza chipangizo zikutha. Nthawi zambiri, njira woyamba umene uli zomera kumene amafuna chitetezo anapereka kwa chodziwa chitetezo. Koma kunyumba posachedwapa zambiri anakonza bwererani dera akuwuka kuthamanga kwambiri mwachindunji mu nthaka, ndi njira otetezeka.

Chitetezo grounding anafotokoza mwachindunji ku dera magetsi pambuyo kutchinjiriza kusokonezeka chifukwa otaya panopa mu voteji nthaka kwambiri yafupika, koma maukonde lidakali. Pamene zikutha kwathunthu sakukhudzidwa mzere gawo.

Grounding nthawi zambiri ntchito mizere ndi lotsekedwa ndale anakonza dongosolo IT ndi CT mu Intaneti atatu gawo ndi voltages okwana. Volt 1 kapena pamwamba chizindikiro ichi kachitidwe ndi ndale mu mode iliyonse. Ntchito akulimbikitsidwa zikutha mizere kwa ochirimika ndale wochititsa m'dzenje Intaneti TN-CS, TN-C, TN-S ndi N malonda zilipo, Pedaya, cholembera akuwauza, izo zikusonyeza kusiyana. Grounding ndi kuzimiririka, ngakhale kusiyana ndi chitetezo chaumunthu machitidwe ndi zipangizo.

mawu zothandiza magetsi

Kumvetsa mfundo imene kuchita lapansi oteteza ndi ndale, grounding ndi disconnection ayenera kudziwa tanthauzo:

Earthed ndale umaimira waya ndale ku jenereta kapena thiransifoma zokhudza dera la grounding.

Kungakhale linanena bungwe kuchokera AC mphamvu umodzi gawo kapena mtengo wa DC mfundo imene mains ziwiri gawo, monga linanena bungwe pafupifupi kwa DC voteji Intaneti atatu gawo.

Wakutali ndale umaimira waya ndale za jenereta kapena thiransifoma osalumikidwa grounding dera kapena nawo mwa kukana mkulu kumunda zipangizo kusonyeza zipangizo chitetezo zipangizo kuyeza ndi yolandirana ena.

The mayina a zipangizo grounding mu Intaneti

Onse unsembe magetsi ndi kukhalapo mu ochititsa izi lapansi ndi ndale waya imvera olemba kuvomerezedwa. Mawu akuti chagwiritsidwa tayala mu mawonekedwe a Pe kalata akuti ndi variable alternating yopingasa kapena n'kupanga kotenga wa wobiriwira kapena wachikasu. Ndale ndale wochititsa amalembedwa buluu kalata N, monga mmene grounding ndi zikutha. Kufotokozera za kumatenda ndi ntchito nthaka kuti mwamatapo cholembera lettering ndi kupenta mu buluu kamvekedwe pa kutalika lonse ndi malangizo enaake achikasu.

zizindikiro kalata

Makalata yoyamba malongosoledwe a dongosolo amasonyeza anasankha khalidwe grounding chipangizo:

• T - polumikiza mphamvu gwero mwachindunji pansi;
• Ine - mbali zonse moyo olekanitsidwa lapansi.

Kalata yachiwiri ntchito pofotokoza mbali ndi zimakhalanso conductive olumikizidwa kwa dziko lapansi;

• T limati grounding kuvomerezedwa mbali zonse poyera mphamvu, kaya mtundu wa mogwirizana ndi nthaka;
• N - limasonyeza kuti chitetezo mbali poyera zikundithandiza kudzera ndale padziko lapansi gwero mphamvu mwachindunji.

Letters ataima pa mukapeza N akusimba chikhalidwe cha njira kulankhulana adziwe makonzedwe ziro kumatenda ndi ochititsa ntchito:

• S - chitetezo Pe ndi N-ziro ntchito ochititsa anapanga mawaya osiyana;
• C - kuti atetezeke ndi ntchito ziro ntchito waya wina.

Mitundu kachitidwe zoteteza

kachitidwe gulu ndi khalidwe lalikulu limene inakonza zoti grounding kumatenda ndi zikutha. General mfundo luso yafotokozedwa mu gawo lachitatu la GOST R 50571.2-94. Malinga ndi nthaka imeneyi imagwiridwa ndi njira IT, TN-CS, TN-C, TN-S.

TN-C dongosolo wakhala yapangidwa Germany m'zaka za m'ma 20. Ndi kusonkhana limodzi ntchito chingwe ndale wochititsa ndi wochititsa Pe. The downside ndi kuyatsa-kuchokerako ziro kapena zina wakuswa zayamba chifukwa voteji limapezeka pa zida housings. Ngakhale dongosolo ntchito zina makhazikitsidwe magetsi mpaka nthawi yathu.

TN-CS dongosolo TN-S ndipo anayamba m'malo TN-C grounding dera kulephera. Zoteteza dera chachiwiri mitundu iwiri ya ochititsa ziro anapambulwa mwachindunji ku chishango ndi dera anali ovuta zitsulo kapangidwe. chiwembu kwasanduliza wabwino, ngati mzere voteji sizimawoneka pamene disconnecting wochititsa ndale pa casing unsembe.

dongosolo TN-CS amakhala kuti kulekana kwa mawaya ndale nthawi yomweyo anachita ndi thiransifoma, ndipo pafupifupi mu mzere pakati. Ilo silinali mwanzeru, chifukwa ngati kutulukira amapezeka pamaso pa ziro mfundo olekanitsa, magetsi pa thupi moyo pangozi.

Galimoto kugwirizana mogwirizana ndi dongosolo CT amapereka mbali mwachindunji mogwirizana pansi mavuto ndi pansi, ziwalo zonse poyera ndi kukhalapo panopa magetsi kugwirizana ndi dera pansi kudzera earthing lophimba zomwe zimadalira pa wochititsa ndale za jenereta kapena thiransifoma.

Malinga ndi dongosolo IT atetezedwe wagawo anakonza grounding ndi zikutha. ndi kusiyana umenewu mogwirizana ndi chiwembu yapita chiyani? Pankhaniyi, kutenga nkhawa kwambiri ku mbali nyumba ndi lotseguka amapezeka mu nthaka, ndi gwero ndale za kudzipatula kwa nthaka, ndi otsendereka kupyolera zipangizo zonyamula. dera zoti mu zipangizo zina zapadera magetsi, zimene ziyenera kuchuluka chitetezo ndi kukhazikika, mwachitsanzo, mu zipatala.

Mitundu zikutha kachitidwe

PNG nulling dongosolo m'njira yosavuta kamangidwe, izo ndale zoteteza ochititsa amaphatikiza pamodzi kutalika lonse. Ndi kwa waya ophatikizana ntchito chidule. The kuipa monga zofuna yosalala mogwirizana kuthekera ndi wochititsa mtanda gawo kuchuluka. Kachitidwe wakhala bwinobwino ntchito zikutha a atatu gawo maukonde makina asynchronous.

Sanaloledwe podziteteza chiwembu mu gawo gulu ndi kulumikiza kufalitsidwa. Ndikoletsedwa mayikidwe ndi m'malo a ntchito za ziro ndi zingwe woteteza lokhala ndi gawo DC dera. Amagwiritsa ntchito zina ndale wochititsa zaikidwa EMP-7.

Pali dongosolo patsogolo kwambiri chifukwa zikutha magetsi, mothandizidwa ndi tinjira osakwatiwa-gawo. Iwo ophatikizana wochititsa wamba cholembera akulowa earthed ndale mu gwero panopa. Kulekana kwa N ndi Pe ochititsa limapezeka pa mphambano mzere kwa osakwatira, gawo Mwachitsanzo, ndi kanjira kopita chishango nyumba zokhalamo.

Pomaliza, tisaiwale kuti chitetezo cha ogula kakasi magetsi ndi kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo zamagetsi pamene kukakhala a kapezedwe mphamvu ndi vuto lalikulu. Kodi osiyana grounding ndi kuzimiririka, anafotokoza mwachidule, chiphunzitso cha sikutanthauza nzeru zapadera. Koma Mulimonsemo, amayesetsa kukhalabe chitetezo cha banja zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zida mafakitale ayenera ikuchitika mosalekeza ndipo pa mlingo yoyenera.