Hematocrit ili pamwamba - kodi chizindikiro ichi chimatsimikiziridwa bwanji ndi chiyani?

Tikamayesa magazi, mosakayikira timakopeka ndi ziwerengero ndi mawu olembedwa pamapepala omwe amachokera kwa dokotala. Kodi amatanthauzanji? Mwachitsanzo, hematocrit - ndi chiyani?

Mawu akuti "hematocrit" ali ndi matanthauzo awiri. Kumbali imodzi, ichi ndi chipangizo chomwe chimayesa chiwerengero cha hematocrit, koma mbali inayo ndi chizindikiro chokha, chomwe chidzanena zambiri za mkhalidwe wa wodwala wa madokotala.

Chizindikiro cha hematocrit ndi chiŵerengero cha magawo a magazi (makamaka erythrocytes) kwa plasma yake. Popeza chiwerengero chimodzi ndi chachiwiri chikuyimira pakathayi, ndiye kuti mtengo wa hematocrit udzakhala lita imodzi pa lita imodzi.

Njira yodziwira chizindikiro cha hematocrit imaphatikizapo kulekana kwa erythrocytes kuchokera m'magazi a magazi. Izi zimachitidwa ndi centrifugation. Pachifukwa ichi, centrifuge ndi miche ya magazi imathamanga kwambiri, yomwe imatsogolera ku kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagazi m'malo osiyanasiyana, malingana ndi momwe aliri ndi kuchuluka kwake. Sankhani chizindikiro cha hematocrit mu test tube (pipette), yomwe yagawikana kukhala magawo zana.

Asanayambe kutenga magazi kuti ayambe kuwunika, chubu imatsukidwa ndi njira yapadera. Ndiye magazi amatengedwa, ayenera kukhala pafupi pafupifupi zana. Msupa wa raba watsekedwa ndikuikidwa mu centrifuge kwa mphindi makumi asanu ndi anai pa liwiro la centrifuge la theka ndi theka zikwi. Panthawiyi, erythrocytes pansi pa kupanikizika kwa misa yawo imatulutsidwa ndikupanga gawo lina muyeso yamayeso. Pambuyo pomaliza ntchitoyo, katswiri wa labu amachotsa kondomuyo ndikudziwitsa - pazimene maselo ofiira amasiya. Chiwerengerocho chidzakhala chizindikiro cha hematocrit.

Kufufuza kwa kutsimikiza kwa hematocrit kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chakuti pali chiopsezo chopeza nambala yonyenga. Panthawi yafukufukuyo anapeza kuti hematocrit ikudalira momwe magazi amatengedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati magazi amatengedwa mu malo ogona, wodwalayo akhoza kutsika. Ngati hematocrit ikukwera, ndiye kuti zikhoza kusonyeza kuti kumwa magazi kunkayenda ndi mitsempha yaitali yomwe ikufalikira maulendo.

Hematocrit imayesedwa pafupifupi pafupifupi odwala onse. Komabe, m'poyenera kuganizira kuti chizindikirochi chimangotengera erythrocyte, mosasamala kanthu za khalidwe lawo. Koma ngakhale anthu oterowo akhoza kuuza madotolo za zovuta zina zofunika m'moyo wa wodwalayo. Kawirikawiri, ali ndi thanzi labwino, chizindikiro cha hematocrit sichidalira malo omwe ali kunja, kotero chikhoza kukhala pa msinkhu umodzimodzi kwa zaka zambiri. Chifukwa cha chilungamo, timadziwa kuti hematocrit ikhoza kukwera pamene mapiri amasintha (mwachitsanzo, okwera mmwamba, madzi osiyanasiyana)

Chizindikiro ichi n'chosiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mwa amuna poyerekeza ndi amayi a hematocrit akuwonjezeka - kuyambira makumi anayi mpaka makumi asanu ndi awiri peresenti (lita imodzi pa lita imodzi amachulukitsidwa ndi zana ndipo amapezeka peresenti). Kwa amayi amapanga kuyambira makumi atatu mpaka makumi awiri peresenti. Hematocrit ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi ana. Kawirikawiri mwa ana obadwa, ndi khumi peresenti yapamwamba, ndipo ali aang'ono - otsika. Zizindikiro zoterezi ndizopangidwira thupi ndipo sizichititsa mantha. Koma chochita chiyani ngati hematocrit ikukwera? Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Kuwonjezeka kwa hematocrit kungakhale chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri. Choyamba, kuwonjezeka kumeneku mu nambala ya maselo ofiira m'magazi. Chachiwiri, mankhwala a hematocrit akhoza kuwonjezeka ngati erythrocytes amapangidwa molimbika kwambiri ndi thupi. Chachitatu, matenda ena, monga hypoxia, kufooka kwa mtima, kutsekula m'mimba, kutaya madzi, matenda a impso angayambitse hematocrit.

Komanso, chizindikirocho chingasunthike komanso kumbali ya m'munsi - izi zimachitika ndi kutayika kwakukulu kwa magazi, ndi madzi oledzeretsa, ndi kusokonezeka kwa fupa la mafupa, kuperewera kwa magazi ndi mimba m'tsogolo.