Hippocrates: yochepa mbiri ndi kutsegula ake

Aliyense akudziŵa bwino a lumbiro, amene kupereka madokotala wamng'ono kulowa njira ya utumiki wake mfulu. Kumakhudzana ndi dzina la munthu amene anabwera mu mbiri monga "tate wa mankhwala". Ngakhale nthawi ya moyo wake wosiyana ife ndi zaka zambiri, maziko a chidziwitso ndi anthu kutsatira mfundo zabwino za ntchito ya chipatala, amene akhala cholowa chake mpaka kalekale alembedwa dzina lake mu mbiri ya chitukuko. Dzina la munthu uyu Hippocrates. Mwachidule mbiri ndi nkhani ya moyo wake kukhala kukambirana za wathu.

Nkhani moyo, amene analembedwa zaka zisanu

Kwa nthawi yaitali, akatswiri padziko lonse ayesetsa kuti abwezeretse nyenyeswa za moyo njira ya woyambitsa wa mankhwala amakono. Information about ndi zochepa choncho okha deta kuti muli yonena za Hippocrates. masiku chifungulo cha moyo wake ndi imfa zodziwika kokha kwa wina magawo mwatsatanetsatane. Akukhulupirira kuti anabadwa mu 460 BC pachilumba Greek cha Ko, ndipo anamwalira m'chaka 377 BC, anakhala ndi moyo zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zitatu.

zambiri limachokera ku zolemba za wotchuka mbiri wachiroma Sorana Efeso. Iwo ndi oyamba ndi mwachidule linalembedwa yonena za Hippocrates. Popanda kukayikira kudalirika chonse mfundo apatsa, tiyenera koma adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti moyo kupyola zaka zisanu pambuyo zotchulidwa, ndipo akhoza kudwala zolakwika zina.

Childhood ndi unyamata cholowa dokotala

Ku chinthu chomwecho izo anadziwika kuti bambo ake Heraclides ndiponso ankachita mankhwala. dzina mayi m'gulu Fenareta, koma magwero ena amanena kuti dzina lake Praksiteya. Kuti choonadi pankhani zimenezi sizingatheke, makamaka chifukwa cha makolo awo paliponse mu zolemba zake iye sakunena Hippocrates yekha. Mwachidule mbiri, lomwe kale otchulidwa, limatiuza za ana ake awiri - ndipo Fesalle Drakonta, kenako mapazi bambo wake ndipo anakhala dokotala. The wolemba mbiri analemba kuti ulemu wawo kwa atate wake kunali kwakukulu, kuti aliyense wa iwo pambuyo dzina mwana wake.

Lophunzira ndizosowa sayansi

Soranus wa Efeso inati koyamba maphunziro zachipatala Hippocrates analandira kunyumba, mu mpingo wodzipereka kwa Asclepius - mulungu wa mankhwala. akachisi onsewa anali m'mizinda yaikulu ya dziko Greek ndi ankatchedwa Asclepius. akuthandizeni wake woyamba anali bambo ake ndi agogo - onse a sing'anga cholowa, kutchuka dziko. Ncholinga kusintha onse sayansi ndi kupeza chidziwitso zofunika bwino kwambiri ndi wamphumphu wa zamoyo, Hippocrates anaphunzitsidwa pa nzeru ena awiri otchuka nthawi yake - Democritus ndi Gorgias.

Kumapangitsanso chidziwitso, iye anayamba pa ulendo kudutsa dziko. Mu Greece, zaka ankachita madokotala ambiri yabwino, ndipo aliyense wa anthu amene tsoka pagalimoto, kuyesera kuti ndiphunzire wamng'ono ndi kudziwa-misala Hippocrates. A mwachidule mbiri ya moyo wake, anapereka mu bukhu Sorana Efeso, chosonyeza tsogolo la dokotala wamkulu, ndi maphunziro bwinobwino odzipereka kuphunzira matebulo anatomical pa makoma a akachisi ambiri a Asclepius.

Tchulani izo mu mabuku a m'nthawi wamkulu

Akatswiriwa kutchulidwa kwa Hippocrates ndi imodzi muno wake wotchuka - nzeru zapamwamba ndi woganiza ya kumapeto kwa BC V atumwi, Plato. Mu buku lake, wotchedwa "Protagoras" analemba za iye monga m'nthawi yake kwambiri, madokotala komanso kutsogolera maphunziro a madokotala wamng'ono. Popeza amadziwika nthawi yokwanira kulemba ndemanga, ndi kutsimikizira zotsalira za zokhudza nthawi ya moyo wa Hippocrates, anati Soran Efeso. M'mabuku ake ananena za iye ndi wina wa compatriot wake wotchuka - Aristotle. Wokwanira kukumbukira lake lonena wotchuka "Ndale".

Oyendayenda dziko Greek

Ngakhale malo kubadwa kwake, monga tanenera kale, amaona kuti chilumba cha Ko zolembedwa ndi Hippocrates amadziwika kuti ankachita makamaka mbali zina za dziko Greek. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zakale amabweretsa wocheza ife kuti dziko lakwawo, anakakamizika kusiya chifukwa cha mbiri chachilendo ndi mdima. Izo ndi funso la anachita kuwotcha dala, omwe ankati mlandu Hippocrates. Timavomereza molondola mfundo imeneyi, kapena kutsutsa sikutheka chifukwa chosowa mfundo zoonjezera ena kuposa kuti, ambiri, ndi zokayikitsa mawu.

Koma mwanjira wasiya Ko ndi maulendo yaitali achezera pa chilumba china Greek - Thasos, ndi pafupi tawuni ya m'mphepete mwanyanja - Abdera. Zambiri amatchedwa malo okhala wake ndi chilumba cha Cyzicus ili nyanja ya Marmara. nkhani zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti buku lake "mliri" Hippocrates yekha. Mwachidule yonena za iye, zomwe zinali kugwira ntchito azambiriyakale ambiri a m'nthawi ya lotsatira, makamaka kukhazikika pa maziko a nkhani pa ntchito zake. kufupika yake zipangizo zochepa zilipo ofufuza.

Collection zokhudza sayansi - zotsatira za wasayansi

Tikumbukenso, ndi wina zambiri kutchulidwa kwa Hippocrates, kudziwika kwa ife zolembedwa zina za Plato, amene adayitana "Federation". , Iye analemba kuti mchiritsi wamkulu ankakhulupirira kuti chiphunzitso chabwino mu mankhwala n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa zomwe wazotsatira zochokera maganizo imalandira. Komabe, zimenezi kumatsutsana ndi abstracts munthu ku ntchito ya Hippocrates.

Information za "tate wa mankhwala", amene anasunga mu zolemba za Plato ndi Aristotle, ndiwo wa mtengo kokha chifukwa olemba onse wotsatira analemba osati za Hippocrates, koma zotsatira zake sayansi, atatchuka pa moyo wawo. Zinali yaikulu kwambiri. Zipatso za kafukufuku anapereka mu nyimbo zosiyana, zomwe, pamodzi ndi ntchito za olemba ena anapanga otchedwa Hippocratic Collection. Mukamakonzekera iwo, asayansi afike pomvetsetsa kuti ambiri a iwo ali mbali ya kamodzi umodzi papepala lalikulu.

Zipatso za ganizo sayansi yamakedzana

zosonkhanitsira lilinso ntchito asayansi wa kale amene mayina awo ali kwakukulukulu alibe anapulumuka. Pali zifukwa kuona chochuluka mapepala zachipatala ndi zotsalira za laibulale, kamodzi a Hippocrates pang'ono anataya. Pothandizira ichi ndi chakuti ntchito izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi mnzake pa nkhani anapatsidwa mu maphunziro awa ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, mlingo wa ganizo sayansi. Ena okayikira amakonda kukayikira kuli ntchito amene analembadi limabweretsa Hippocrates yekha.

The humanists aakulu a m'mbuyomu

Pakati pa kutulukiridwa sayansi za Hippocrates, tchulani chiphunzitso cha khalidwe anthu, chiphunzitso cha staging matenda, chitukuko zokhudzana ndi ndondomeko ya Kupenda odwala, komanso zopereka zake kwa dokotala ndi dietitian. Only patapita zaka zambirimbiri, anthu atha kwathunthu kuona ngati lingaliro la sayansi patsogolo m'nthawi ya Yesu anali kukhala.

Kuwonjezera atulukira kwambiri pa zamankhwala dzina Hippocrates ali nthawi zonse zogwirizana ndi mfundo za makhalidwe apamwamba chikumbumtima ndi chikhalidwe cha dokotala. Izi zafotokozedwa mu wotchuka Hippocratic lumbira anayamba kudziletsa kutumikira anthu a lililonse dokotala. Kwa zaka zambiri kakusintha Mabaibulo angapo a lemba, koma sizinasinthe mfundo zofunika, amene anaika pa umunthu mkulu ndi anthu. Simukulankhulanso chilumbiro pamene akulandira dipuloma wakhala mwambo m'mayiko ambiri pa dziko lapansi.

Wambiri, wodzazidwa ndi zopeka

Hippocrates ndi imodzi mwa anthu amene zochita anakhala nthano. Chifukwa chake, ndipo Kupambana asayansi kudziwika, komanso nthawi imene iye anali moyo. Mu Greece kalelo mwambo kuti amanena olemekezeka mbadwa zimakhalira pachibale ndi milungu - okhala Olympus. ulemu umenewu anali kupereka ndi Hippocrates. Mwachidule mbiri, amene anapanga otsatira ake ndi admirers, anatchula mfundo yakuti iye anali ndi Asclepiadae wakale banja - madokotala Mafumu, chibwenzi kumbuyo kwa mulungu wa mankhwala Asclepius. M'pomveka kuti ubwenzi woterewu kwathunthu kumatanthauza cholinga chake m'moyo uno komanso kuwapatsa ulamuliro anayamba kuphunzitsa wamkulu.

Soran Efeso olembedwa yonena za Hippocrates, mwachidule zomwe anali chuma cha mibadwo yambiri ya mafani wake, muli nkhani, yolondola umene kuyambira mbiri imanena si kwathunthu mtima. Pakati pawo pali mphindi ofanana mu nkhani zawo, ndi mfundo zambiri za mbiri ya dokotala wina wotchuka - Persian Avicenna.

Nthano kuti akhala gawo la mbiri la

Imodzi mwa nkhanizi limatiuza za mmene Hippocrates, kupyola mu mndandanda wa miyeso kusiya ponseponse mliri wa nthenda Athens. The ena akufotokoza nkhani za machiritso a mfumu Chimakedoniya, yemwe anapezeka aggravation - mkhalidwe umene mtima chifukwa cha suspiciousness awo Apatu chikhalidwe chopweteka. Onse Makanema awa alipo mu lonena akale pa Avicenna. Ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti Hippocrates yekha, mwachidule mbiri ndi kutsegula wake pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, akhala nkhani zongopeka ambiri.

Zoyambitsa ndi mbiri yakale chikaiko chokana kukhala dokotala la mfumu ya amphamvu Achaemenid Ufumu, anakhazikitsidwa mu VI-IV zaka BC ku Asia. Wotchuka monga nthano ya mmene anthu Abdera anaitanidwa kufufuza Hippocratic openga, iwo amaganiza, woganiza Democritus, zonse Kasupe phwete popanda chifukwa chenicheni. Nditakhala oyamba m'mbiri ya mayeso amisala, dokotala anapeza udindo wake wonse. Kuseka ndi nzeru zapamwamba anachititsa milandu anthu, wooneka monga iye, ndi maziko a mogwirizana dziko. Mndandanda wa nkhani zoterozo tikhoza kupitirira kwa nthawi yaitali.

Popeza anakhalako kwa zaka waukulu, Hippocrates moyo wake wonse kwa sayansi. Monga dokotala zamatsenga, iye anali wotchuka mu Thessaly, Thrace, ndi Macedonia. Pa imfa zake zokha kuti amadziwika kuti iye anafa mu mzinda wa Larissa, mmodzi wa malo Thessaly. Tsiku lenileni la imfa si zakhazikitsidwa, ndi deta kuperekedwa mu mbiri kale, analemba ndi zaka mazana asanu, mbiri Wachiroma, ndi zokayikitsa. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti moyo wake amayembekezeka anali pafupifupi 83 kwa 104 zaka.

Cholowa wakale moyo wamakono

Ngakhale zaka za nthawi kunatimwazanisa na m'nthawi ya anakhala ndi ntchito inde Greek chidwi mu umunthu wake ndi asayansi atulukira mosaletseka. Wambiri ya Hippocrates, masiku kiyi ndi zochitika za moyo wake ali m'gulu la curricula mayunivesite ambiri. N'zovuta Musaone chopereka, anadzetsa ndi iwo mu dziko la sayansi. Kumayambiriro kwa V ndipo IV zaka BC, iye anayala maziko, kudziwa mbali yaikulu ya chitukuko cha tsogolo la mankhwala.

Lero, kusindikizidwa mabuku ambiri odzipereka kuti nkhaniyi chidwi. Ena mwa iwo ndi ntchito zake pomasulira V. I. Rudneva ndi "Aphorisms", linatuluka mu 1994, ndipo lofalitsidwa yonena kunja mwachidule Hippocrates mu Chingerezi. Zonsezi watsopano chabe osati ati.

N'zolimbikitsa kuti chidwi mu cholowa chake anati osati pakati pa anthu, ndi chikhalidwe cha zochita zake zokhudza mankhwala ndi amene dzina lopatulika lokha Hippocrates. Mwachidule mbiri, zithunzi mafano ake sculptural, ndipo ngakhale ambiri mwa zinthu za ntchito ya sayansi wophunzira akale odziŵika lero omvera linafalitsidwa kwambiri.