Complete Collection wa Malamulo a Russian Ufumu. Malamulo a Ufumu Russian

Mu masiku a ulamuliro wa Nicholas Ine wa dziko malamulo a Russian Ufumu. Komanso, mapangidwe onse anthu ndi chikhalidwe moyo akufotokozera malinga ndi chikalatachi. M'nkhani yotsatira, wowerenga apeza bwino mokoma kupanga mndandanda wa malamulo, komanso kupeza zomwe malangizo ake mokakamizika akhala naye.

prehistory

Monga mukudziwa, theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVIII zinali zodzaza ndi kugwa kwa dongosolo ang'onoang'ono alipo. Komanso, nthawi imeneyi akhala intensively anayamba asapita bourgeois. Izi kenako zinachititsa kuti zikamera wa mavuto ndi mapangidwe a dongosolo capitalist. Koma chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyo kulamuliridwa ndi mode akale kupanga, kupanga maubale atsopano chikwiyire intensification ya kulimbana kalasi ndipo zinachititsa kuti patsogolo odana serfdom kuyenda mu Russia. Motsutsa likhale zoipa ndi mwankhanza wa nzika, m'mphawi zipolowe ayamba mphamvu. Mkubwela kwa zaka za m'ma zatsopano kwambiri chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha kunyanyala, osati mu serfs ndi ogwira ntchito yolipidwa, komanso pakati servicemen lapansi. Chiyambi cha kayendedwe chosintha ku Russia zinali zodzaza ndi zida Decembrists kulankhula mu 1825. Monga tikudziwa m'mbiri, kuukirana amenewa chimatha makonzedwe lachifumu. Komabe, yosintha ndi zina chitukuko ndale za boma. Pa nthawi imeneyo, kanjedza chitsogozo cha dziko mu Kukonzanso malamulo ankafuna kulimbikitsa ang'onoang'ono dongosolo serf. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo iwo anali kuganizira zofuna za kukhala bourgeoisie malonda. zoyesayesa zonse mwanjira bungwe asapita milandu Russia idatha kulephera. Koma kufunika kwa ntchito imeneyi ankaona mphamvu. Popeza kukhazikitsidwa udindo wa Katolika, ambiri a zochita sali mosiyana yekha kwa wina ndi mzake, komanso sazindikira mokwanira kusonyeza zofuna za chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma cha dziko. tiyese pafupi ndi kugwira codification ntchito kucitika mu 1804. Kenako, ntchito yapangidwa mu malamulo a boma, boma ndi malonda. Komabe, zikalata izi sizinachitike ovomerezeka chifukwa anthu otchuka anaona iwo kusonyeza French Civil Code. Zinaonekeratu kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo zoyambirira za Russian Ufumu kunali koyenera. Zinali kukhala mndandanda wa malamulo, anagawa malinga ndi magulu thematic.

mfundo inalamula

Madongosolo pamwamba akhala amaphatikizidwa mu mndandanda wa Russian Ufumu 1832 nkhani ya malamulo. Komabe, hayala okha anayamba ntchito mu 1835. Mpheroyi zinthu zoposa 40 sauzande, kenako inkakhala mabuku 15. Buku 16 linatulutsidwa mu 1864 ndipo ankatchedwa "malamulo". Ndi kusonkhanitsa lathunthu la malamulo a Russian Ufumu anauphatikiza zikalata zinchito yekha. Part malamulo akhala yafupika. zokonda Patatha embodiments apatsidwa akuyenda mwa malamulo kauntala. Komanso, ankalemba anali n'cholinga choti ithandize zida kuti iwo zogwirizana ndi nthambi za lamulo.

Kufotokozera buku

Monga tanena chopereka lathunthu la malamulo a Ufumu Russian inkakhala 15 mabuku. Woyamba 3 ndi malamulo zofunika, malamulo aboma, ndi zina zotero. The ntchito chachinayi zikuphatikizapo malamulo usilikali ndi udindo wamba. 5 mpaka 8 kukuonetsedwa kumwa ndi levies msonkho, ntchito ndi zina zotero. Mu kope 9 zikuphatikizapo malamulo pa zigawo ndi mphamvu zawo. msonkhano chakhumi perpetuated yoyeza ndi malamulo boma. Books pa nambala 11 ndi 12 malangizo ngongole ndi malonda mabungwe, komanso nthambi zonse za mafakitale. Zotsatirazi 2 mabuku anagawira yochizira matenda m'gulu ndi ovuta kuwatsekela ndi zina zotero. Mu gawo lotsiriza la ntchito zikuphatikizapo malamulo chigawenga. Code ya Malamulo a Russian Ufumu makamaka anathamangitsa mfundo za malamulo ang'onoang'ono ndipo umalimbana kukhalabe, chitetezo komanso kuphatikiza ulamuliro wa tsarist.

Malamulo a m'dera la Ukraine

Collection wa Malamulo a Russian Ufumu unayamba kugwira ntchito gawo mu 1835. Ndi kusiyana kumodzi kokha - pa nthawiyi panali malamulo malamulo utsogoleri yekha ndi maubale. Pambuyo pake, mu nthawi kuyambira 1840 mpaka 1842 pang'onopang'ono anayambitsa malamulo okhudza malamulo a boma ndi boma. hayala uyu akuchita Ukraine mpaka 1917.

kusintha kupitirirabe

Ndi isanayambike m'ma XIX malamulo a Russian Ufumu anali pansi angapo kusinthika. Mu malo oyamba kusintha bwanji malamulo a mayikowo, umene panthawi imeneyo anayamba kupita chitsogolo patsogolo chabe. Komanso, kusintha kumeneku chifukwa kuwonjezeka kwambiri voliyumu ya m'madera malonda ndi mafakitale. kusintha zokhudza nkhani apangidwa m'buku 10 ya malamulo a msonkhano. Apa anatsindika ufulu umwini cholinga cha mtima zina. Pa nkhani imeneyi, malo onse unagawidwa mitundu 2: makina ndi osasunthika. wachiwiri chimodzimodzi lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu generic ndi zinazake. Chifukwa patsogolo kwambiri ubale chofunika ndalama, mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa nkhani udindo. Chifukwa, ife anazindikira kunena mapangano ndi chilolezo cha onsewo. Lamulo amalola kuti wotuluka osati kulemba komanso pakamwa. Komanso, anali anavomera kuti "bwino anapanga" pangano ayenera kukhala akuyendera. Complete Collection wa Malamulo a Russian Ufumu, makamaka zidawala pano. Mwachitsanzo, zodzitetezera zotsatirazi chaperekedwa:

- kupereka chilango;

- chitsimikizo;

- chikole cha makina kapena osasunthika katundu.

lamulo banja

Kuweta chilamulo cha Russian Ufumu wa Buku loyamba zinali ndi malamulo m'banja. Kotero, anali anavomera kuti amuna akhoza kuyamba banja basi kufika zaka 18. Zikatero, akazi anapatsidwa ufulu zaka 16 zakubadwa. Anthu amene afika zaka 80, ndipo analibe mwayi zomangira za m'gwirizanowu zimakhalanso zolimba matrimonial. Komanso, nkhani ya ukwati ankadalira osati pa banja, komanso pa chikalata cha zimenezi kwa makolo, Atetezi kapena osamalira. Zikatero, ngati munthu pa nthawi ya mphoto ya Union anali mu utumiki wa asilikali, iye anali kupeza chilolezo olembedwa a mabwana ake pa mwambowu. The serfs analibe ufulu banja popanda chilolezo cha mwini. Maukwati pakati pa Akhristu ndi amene siali Mkhristu ankaletsedwanso. Amanenanso kuti sadzalowa mu latsopano ukwati popanda kuchotsa kale anamaliza. Komanso, kuchita mapangano a mtundu umenewu akanatha 3 kokha nthawi. Ukwati ankaona yovomerezeka pokhapokha ngati ilo linapangidwa mu mpingo. Kutsirizitsa mgwirizano anatilola ulamuliro wofanana, ndi kokha zina.

chilamulo cha kulowezana

Malamulo zoyambirira za Russian Ufumu payokha yokutidwa mafunso katundu nzika. Kutenga katundu ndi chuma zingakhale kaya mwa chifuniro kapena mogwirizana ndi miyezo yabwino. Komanso, zinthu ngati zimenezi zitha nzika za ntchito zaka 21 ndipo ali ndi ufulu mwalamulo chuma otalikirana. Komanso, chinali chomveka kokha pamene kwalembedwa yachokera. Adzalandira chuma cha munthu maganizo salimbikitsa pansi chifuniro kunali kosatheka.

kamba chigawenga

Moyenerera angathe kuganiza kuti 15 ndi mndandanda wa malamulo chinali chiyambi cha chitukuko cha malamulo a boma ku Russia. Komabe, panthawiyo anali akadali angapo nkhani yovutayi. Iwo anapeza pokhapokha buku. Mogwirizana ndi mavuto omwe munapeza mu munda MM Speransky anali anapempha kuti akonze kachidindo osiyana chilango. Koma izo zokha anamaliza pambuyo pa imfa yake. Limaonekera kuchokera lamulo la 1801, ntchito wozunzikirapo pa mafunso inaletsedwa. Komabe, iwo anapitiriza chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. A udindo wapadera mu mabuku lamulo kudzipatula apolisi. Ntchito yake inali kuchita ntchito investigative ndi kuphedwa kwa mawuwo. Zikatero, ntchito kufufuza anawagawa kukonzekera ndi boma. chifukwa cha mwambo mlanduwo ankaona chidzudzulo, dandaulo kapena wozenga kanthu. Investigative ndondomeko ikuchitika kuyang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu kapena chipani waboma.

Phindu mu mbiriyakale

Complete Collection wa Malamulo a Russian Ufumu, kumlingo kuganizira zofuna za bourgeoisie kuyambika. Komabe, mafumu anayesa yesetsani kukumbukira mphamvu. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, boma zida ngakhale zinalengedwa mayunitsi Chilango. Pa nthawi yomweyo wozengereza gulu la ntchito analola kupanga angapo mafakitale. Inde, malamulo munali malamulo ambiri lotha, koma chotero zedi ntchito walola Russia kuti kwambiri kuonjezera yonena ake pamaso pa chitukuko cha Europe. Kuti mungodziwa, popeza akukonza kusintha, msonkhano uno chinakhalapo mpaka 1917, mpaka zisinthe.