History kupanga thanki wa USSR ndi mayiko ena

Start thanki chitukuko anali anayambitsa pa First World nkhondo. Timasangalalanso galimoto m'nthawi anaonekera pa Western Front. Kumenyana ndi Germany, France ndi Great Britain kwa zaka zingapo anakhalabe Pamalo. Asilikali anakhala pansi mu ngalande, ndi mzere kutsogolo pafupifupi chikubwera. Kubooleza malo mdani maofesi alipo zinali zosatheka. Akukhudzidwa ndi akulowera amakakamizidwa oyenda sanapereke mukufuna. Mbiri ya chitukuko thanki anayamba chifukwa cha British. Zinali iwo amene anali woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito alibe analogues kudziletsa injini makina.

United Kingdom

Woyamba British thanki Mark ndinabwera mu 1916, pamene chitsanzo experimental anamasulidwa mu kuchuluka kwa 100 mayunitsi nkhondo. chitsanzo uyu anali zosintha ziwiri: ndi mfuti za makina ndi mizinga. Mbiri ya chitukuko thanki anayamba ndi "kulankhula bwino". Mark ndinali operewera. Mu Nkhondo ya Somme mfuti ake sakanatha kulimbana ndi emplacements German mfuti.

Ngakhale kuti akasinja anali opanda ungwiro, iwo anasonyeza kuti mtundu watsopano wa chida ali chiyembekezo kwambiri. Komanso, chitsanzo choyamba anatsogolera asilikali German sitinaonepo Zoterezi mantha. Choncho, Mark I ntchito kwambiri ngati chida maganizo kuposa nkhondo.

Okwana izi British "banja" anaonekera zitsanzo naini. patsogolo chidwi tinaonera Mark V. Iye ali HIV zinayi liwiro ndi wapadera thanki injini pansi pa dzina "Ricardo". Zinali chitsanzo choyamba, amene anatha munthu mmodzi yekha. Kwakhala kusintha zina. Kumbuyo ali zina mfuti ya makina, ndipo inachuluka mkulu kanyumba.

France

kupambana British kuti anauzira ogwirizana French kupitiriza zatsopano. Mbiri ya chitukuko thanki alitcha kwambiri chitsanzo "Renault Ft-17." The French tiyeni mu 1917-1918. (Linatulutsidwa pafupifupi 4000 mayunitsi). Pa Ft 17 Mwachangu akuti osachepera chakuti iwo anapitiriza ntchito ngakhale chiyambi cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World (zaka makumi awiri thanki zomanga - ndi nthawi yaikulu nthawi).

Kodi anafotokoza bwino zimenezi, "Reno"? Popeza kuti anali akasinja yoyamba imene mawonekedwe tingachipeze powerenga. Control za makina anatengedwera kuchokera kutsogolo kwake. Pakati anali nkhondowo chipinda. Iwo munali kuseri kwa injini chipinda. Oterowo luso ndi ergonomic njira ndi bwino anatsegula angathe nkhondowo wa Ft-17. Mbiri ya chitukuko thanki zikanakhala osiyana ngati osati makina. azambiriyakale ambiri amaona chitsanzo bwino kwambiri ntchito First World nkhondo.

United States

An thanki chitukuko American anayamba chifukwa cha khama la General Dzhona Pershinga. Iye anafika ku Ulaya mu 1917 ndi asilikali aboma la USA, iwo analengeza nkhondo pa Germany. Bwino ndi ogwirizana zambiri, njira zawo ndi Pamalo nkhondo, amene si amaganiziridwa mu United States, ndi onse anayamba kufunsa kuganizira za nkhani ya akasinja.

The Army US wagula ndi French "Reno" ndi ntchito nkhondo za Verdun. okonza American, kulandira galimoto yodula, anakonza kusinthidwa pang'ono. Pambuyo World nkhondo yoyamba oti muli nazo zida US asilikali inasokonekera chifukwa cha ndalama. Kenako zaka zochepa usilikali US sanapereke ndalama kupanga makina atsopano. Izo zinali kokha mu 1930s ndi. anabwera woyamba chitsanzo experimental kupanga yake. Zinali M1931 (T11 kumenyana makina). Iwo sanali ayamba, koma ntchito experimental anapereka okonza American azipeza chakudya cha ganizo pamaso mudziwe zambiri.

Evolution umisiri American ali ndayima kaye chifukwa cha Great Depression, lalikulu kugwedeza chuma. Akuluakulu ndalama kwa akatswiri ndi okonza kubwera okha ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, pamene boma atazindikira kuti mwina sadzatha kukhala kuchokera m'nyanja, ndipo ndi kutumiza asilikali Europe.

Mu 1941 anaonekera "ndi M3 Stuart". thanki kuwalako linatuluka mu kuchuluka mayunitsi 23 chikwi. nkhani m'kalasimo anali akadali sanataye. Mbiri ya dziko silikudziwa zambiri zitsanzo thanki opangidwa zedi zimenezi. "Stuart" sikuti ntchito ndi Army US, komanso kupereka adani: United Kingdom, France, China ndi la Soviet Union pansi pa kongoletsani-pangano.

Germany

magulu oti muli nazo zida mu Germany anaonekera yekha mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Hitler. Pangano la Versailles, m'nyengo ya Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, dziko la Germany analetsa kuyamba nkhondo woyenera awo Park. Choncho, pa nthawi ya Republic Weimar, makina awo Germany anali. Ndipo kokha anayamba kulamulira mu 1933, Anazi hyped flywheel asilikali. Pa akasinja woyamba kuwala zinalembedwa mu matchalitchi amene amati ndi mathirakitala. Komabe, m'gulu kukoma kwa akuluakulu German kuti mwamsanga anabisala. Koma kufanana pakati pa akasinja ndi mathirakitala, kuti makhalidwe ofanana ndi limenelo analiko Soviet Union kumene mu 1930s ndi. Iwo unali nazo zochuluka za mafakitale thalakitala anamanga, kuti likhoza nkhondo mosavuta kusintha pansi thanki.

Mu 1926, Germany ndi USSR anasaina mgwilizano umene tsogolo asilikali German akatswiri anayamba kuphunzitsidwa kusukulu yapadera pafupi Kazan. Kenako mafupa uyu anayamba kulenga luso kunyumba. Iye anakhala woyamba German thanki Panzer I. machitidwe maziko a zombo German.

Ndi chiyambi cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World mu Germany anali oposa zikwi zitatu akasinja, ndi magalimoto oposa zikwi zinayi anaika pamaso kuukira Soviet Union pa Front East yekha. Germany woyamba katundu makina ntchito ngati kumenya. Ambiri SS Panzer Division analandira dzina lenileni ( "Das Ulamuliro wa Nazi", "Totenkopf" ndi zina zotero. D.). Ambiri a iwo anawonongedwa. Total nkhondo ndi ulamuliro wa Hitler wataya 35 zikwi magalimoto. Kiyi German sing'anga thanki anali "Panther", ndi katundu - ". Amabereka"

USSR

Cha m'ma 1920s. Mbiri ya chitukuko Soviet thanki anayamba. Woyamba kupanga chitsanzo cha Soviet Union kunapezeka kuti MS-1 (dzina lina - T-18). Lisanaperekedwe, pa kutaya wa Red Army ankangochita analanda makina anagwira pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni. ntchito pa kupanga katundu thanki malo amagwiritsidwa Ndi isanayambike dziko. Iwo anabwerera mu 1925, pamene pambuyo msonkhano mu Red Army, asilikali anaganiza kutumiza zinthu zonse kulenga yaing'ono kuuluka chitsanzo. Ndipo anali MS-1, analengedwa mu 1927

Posakhalitsa panali ena Soviet akasinja. Pofika mu 1933, izo anayamba kupanga kuwala T-26 BT, tankettes T-27, T-28 sing'anga ndi katundu T-35. Ikuchitika zatsopano molimba mtima. Mbiri ya Soviet thanki kupanga chiyambi cha 1930s lapansi. zinali zodzaza ndi kumanga akasinja amphibious. Iwo anali kuperekedwa zitsanzo za T-37. makina amenewa ndi wononga zatsopano. Maonekedwe ake akutembenukira masamba anali. Pamene kusuntha wolimba iwo kupereka kumbuyo.

History kupanga thanki wa USSR chingakhale chosakwanira popanda thanki sing'anga T-28. Chifukwa cha iwo, kunakhala kotheka Mkhalidwe kulimbitsa mayunitsi amaphatikiza manja. T-28 ankafuna kuphwanya udindo kudziteteza mdani. Thanki matani 28 ndipo zikuoneka anaima towered unsembe wa zida (mfuti ndi mfuti za makina atatu anali mmenemo).

Mu 1933-1939 gg. chopangidwa 50 matani T-35. Izo analengedwa monga galimoto nkhondowo kumapangitsanso khalidwe kuukira mu BREAKOUT za malinga magulu. Pa nthawi imeneyo, mbiri ya chitukuko Soviet thanki analowa gawo latsopano, chifukwa woyamba T-35 muli zida zochuluka kwambiri. akonzedwa zake nsanja zisanu (mfuti makina asanu ndi mfuti atatu). Komabe, mu chitsanzo ichi, panali mavuto - makamaka clumsiness ndi malire wosauka pa zamitundu zikuluzikulu. Total zipolopolo makumi angapo T-35. Ena mwa iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito kutsogolo pa siteji yoyamba ya Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

1930

Mu 30s wa atumwi wotsiriza mwa akatswiri Soviet ndipo okonza zikukangalika imachitika zatsopano zokhudza chilengedwe cha thanki gudumu asiya msewu. Chotero chipangizo ndi kobvuta makina galimotoyo ndi powertrain, koma akatswiri zoweta kuti apirire mavuto amene anakumana nawo. Kumapeto kwa 1930s lapansi. Tsatani pafupifupi thanki linakhazikitsidwa linkadziwika T-32. Mtsogolo, panali ameja Soviet nthano ofotokoza. Tikuyankhula zokhudza T-34.

Madzulo a Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, okonza kwambiri munkasangalala ndi makhalidwe awiri a magalimoto: see ndi firepower. Komabe, ndi Spanish nkhondo yapachiweniweni mu zaka 1936-1937 anasonyeza kuti m'pofunika modernize ndi makhalidwe ena. Choyamba chikufunika zida chitetezo ndi zida zida zankhondo.

mfundo kusintha zinali yomweyo. Mu 1937 anadza T-111. Iye anakhala woyamba akasinja Soviet okonzeka ndi protivosnaryadnym zida. Zinali pantchito yojambula, osati kokha kwa m'banja komanso mafakitale lonse. Zochita za T 111 kwambiri moti anafuna kuthandiza oyenda. Komabe, chitsanzo ali sanaikidwe kuŵeta kwa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomangamanga. Analidi kosathandiza mawu a khamu ndi disassembly mbali chifukwa kuyimitsidwa choletsedwa ndi zina za makina.

Kuwala akasinja Soviet

N'zochititsa chidwi mbiri ya USSR ndi akasinja Soviet thanki ankasiyana ochokera ngakhale kuti akasinja a m'mapapo. Kulikonse ankakonda chifukwa zifukwa zachuma. Soviet Union anali zolinga zina. Mosiyana ndi maiko ena mu Soviet Union akasinja kuwala zinkagwira ntchito kwa nzeru, komanso kuphana mwachindunji ndi mdani. Kiyi Soviet makina a mtundu akhala BT ndi T-26. Pamaso kuukira German, iwo ayesedwe ambiri a Red Army la paki (monga anamanga 20 zikwi mayunitsi).

Ntchito yomanga zitsanzo atsopano ndipo anapitiriza pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Mu 1941, izo zinalengedwa ndi T-70. thanki iyi anali kwambiri kupanga nkhondo lonse. Chopereka zikuluzikulu chigonjetso wapanga pa Nkhondo ya Kursk.

pambuyo 1945

M'badwo woyamba wa akasinja pambuyo nkhondo ndi awo amene chitukuko inayamba mu 1941-1945 ndi amene sanayambitse ntchito kutsogolo. Izi chitsanzo Soviet EC-3, EC-4, komanso T-44 ndi T-54. History of American thanki ulimi wa nthawi ino anasiya M47, "M26 Pershing" ndi "M46 Patton." Zino mulinso UK "Kenturiyo".

zitsanzo opepuka ndi 1945, potsiriza anakhala makina apadera kwambiri. Choncho, Soviet chitsanzo PT 76 anali pofuna kuthana zinthu madzi, American "Walker Galuwamkulu" analengedwa kuti kufufuza, "Sheridan" lakonzedwa zosavuta zoyendera ndege. Mu 1950, ntchentche. m'malo sing'anga ndi akasinja katundu kubwera waukulu nkhondo akasinja (MBT). Chotero anaitana Mipikisano cholinga chitsanzo, kaphatikizidwe chitetezo chabwino ndi firepower. Woyamba mu gululo anayamba Soviet T-62 ndi T-55 French AMX-30. History kupanga thanki US kunali kuti kalasi waukulu nkhondo akasinja mu US anayamba ndi M60A1 ndi M48.

Wachiwiri m'badwo positi-nkhondo

Mu 1960-1970-ntchentche anabwera nthawi ya m'badwo wachiwiri wa akasinja pambuyo nkhondo. Kumasiyanitsa iwo kwa akapolo anzawo akale? The zitsanzo watsopano apangidwa ndi akatswiri, choyamba, chifukwa pali patsogolo luso odana akweza, ndipo kachiwiri, mu zikhalidwe za ntchito zida zoopsa.

akasinja izi anapeza ophatikizana zida wopangidwa mwa kuchuluka kwa zigawo ndipo anapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mu malo oyamba izo kutetezedwa ndi kayendedwe ndi chokhala zipolopolo. Komanso, oyendetsa analandira chitetezo zida ndi zida zoopsa. akasinja zitsulo m'badwo wachiwiri zida zamagetsi okhutira: kompyuta ballistic, rangefinders laser, dongosolo moto kudziletsa, etc ...

Mwa njira zofanana ankachitira T-72, M60A3, «mtsogoleri" "nyalugwe 1". Ena zitsanzo anaonekera chifukwa cha kusinthidwa zakuya za m'badwo woyamba makina. akasinja Soviet wa nthawi kuti ntchito zake mwanjira iliyonse otsutsa otsika anazindikira, ndipo m'njira zina ngakhale kuposa iwo kwambiri. Komabe, kuyambira 1970, zinali noticeable kwanthawi zipangizo zamagetsi. Chifukwa cha zida Soviet pa chiyambi cha maso zimasintha. Makamaka noticeable anali ndondomeko ya nkhondo maziko mu Middle East ndi maiko ena kumene kunali mliri padziko lonse Cold nkhondo.

modernity

Mu 1980, ntchentche. panali otchedwa pambuyo nkhondo m'badwo wachitatu. Zimatengera mbiri ya Russian thanki zomanga. Mbali yaikulu ya zitsanzo izi wakhala mkulu zamakono zodzitetezera. Ndi mbadwo wachitatu ndi "Lekrerki" France, "nyalugwe 2" Germany, "Challenger" Britain, United States, "Abrams".

History of Russia limaimira thanki yomanga makina monga T-90 ndi T-72B3. zitsanzo izi zimachokera mu 1990s lakutali. T-90 amatchedwanso "Vladimir" polemekeza mkulu mlengi wake Vladimir Potkina. Mu 2000s, akasinja anakhala bwino kugulitsa waukulu nkhondo thanki mu dziko. Mu nkhope chitsanzo ichi ndi mbiri ya chitukuko thanki mu Russia anatembenuka wina wa tsamba lake laulemerero. Komabe, okonza zoweta sanaleke ndipo anapitiriza Kupambana kwawo wapadera kafukufuku luso.

Mu 2015 anaonekera zatsopano T-14. Maonekedwe ake amadziwika chifukwa zitsulo zinthu monga nsanja bwinja ndipo inamva nsanja "Armata". Kwa nthawi yoyamba kwa T-14 wasonyeza kuti anthu pa Chigonjetso perete wodzipereka kwa tsiku la 70 la Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Lachitsanzo amapangidwa "Uralvagonzavod".