Masiku kumera tomato? Phwetekere mbewu: mbewu kwa mbande. Kodi mitundu ya tomato bwino?

Aliyense nyakulima, woyamba kapena kukhala nthawi yaitali zinachitikira, akufuna kukhala achuma ndi chokoma mbewu ya tomato. Ndikufuna kuona tomato zazikulu ndi kucha pa nthambi za zomera, osati tomato ang'onoang'ono mwina zoipa kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi kutentha, zimene kukula tomato wamkulu basi samazimvetsa izo. Pamene iwo amati wamaluwa anakumana, pali zinthu zambiri zazing'ono zimene nthawi zambiri amasiyidwa pamene chodzala ndi chisamaliro, koma kwenikweni iwo ndi ofunika. Choncho tiyeni tiwone chimene zinsinsi phwetekere kulima mukudziwa wamaluwa odziwa, ndi momwe iwo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kudziwa masiku angati kumera tomato.

Kusankha mbewu

Izo zonse akuyamba ndi mbewu. Ngati inu kuyambira chabe kuchita tomato, musati kugula mitundu wapadera, amafuna zinthu zapadera kukula ndi chisamaliro. Khalani bwino, njira wamba wodzichepetsa. Yotsirizira amafunika chisamaliro, koma tomato wamba si capricious, ndi chisamaliro ingakuthandizeni kukhala bwino ndi mbali ya luso kubzala ndi kulima.

Kodi mitundu ya tomato ndi bwino kugula? Mwawerenga mosamala mfundo pa phukusi, amanena kupanga ndi kusunga nthawi kubzala zakuthupi. Samalani kutalika kwa akulu tomato, kukana kwawo ku matenda.

Kumera mbewu ndi kubzala

Nthawi ya Thirani mu kutentha izo zafika kukula akufuna, ndi zofunika kudziwa masiku angati kumera tomato anabzala inu. Yankho wopezeka palibe. mbewu youma anabzala mwachindunji mu nthaka, akhoza kukula kwa masiku khumi. Ngati mbewu pamaso ndondomeko kubzala ndi permanganate potaziyamu kuika maola ochepa madzi ofunda, iwo zimere mwamsanga.

Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa novice kufunsa funso lokhudza angati kumera mbewu za phwetekere. Zofunika mfundo - m'badwo zakuthupi kubzala. Mwachitsanzo, nthangala zaka zitatu zapitazo zikuoneka kumera palibe kale kuposa sabata, koma zosiyanasiyana yemweyo amene anali anasonkhana chaka chapitacho, adzakhala kumera mu masiku 3-4.

Choncho, kuwerengera tomato angati mphukira, mungathe, ngati inu kupereka zinthu zabwino kumera mbewu. Kenako nkhanizo mbewu adzagona mu madzi kwa maola angapo, chofunika kuika mu nthaka okonzeka, kuphimba ndi zojambulazo ndi malo danga ofunda zokwanira (mpweya kutentha pamene kumera tomato, ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 25 madigiri).

mmera

Kumene, mbande zikhoza kugulidwa okonzeka zopangidwa. Asanadzalemo nyengo, ambiri maluwa masitolo kupereka zosiyanasiyana zipangizo kufesa. Kugula mbewu okonzeka zopangidwa kupewa mavuto ambiri ndipo zokhudza pamene tomato mbewuzo. Koma izi si oyenera kukolola. mbande Nthawi zambiri ali wabwino ndi zonyamula matenda tomato. Choncho ndi bwino nthawi ndi kuyesa kukula mbewu zawo amphamvu.

mbande wathanzi zimatheka pamene zomera kupeza zinthu zonse zofunikira. Choncho, kupeza mbande amphamvu ndi Hardy muyenera kukonzekera pansi ndi kumera mbewu pa nthawi molondola. Iwo m'pofunika kuti kudziwa ziri posachedwa momwe mphukira tomato kuti mbande amphamvu kubzala.

Kodi kukula mbande?

Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene nthawi ifika kudzala mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena nthaka, m'pofunika kuti anthu kutalika kwa pafupifupi 25 masentimita. Zomera zimene kuziika mwachindunji pamaso maluwa nyengo, n'kosavuta ndipo mosavuta kunyamula kumuika azolowere zinthu zatsopano.

Chinthu chofunika ndi nthaka kukula zomera wamng'ono. Ngati muli kuganiza pamene kudzala mbewu phwetekere ndi momwe angachitire izo molondola, choyamba chisamaliro kudzachitika nthaka. Yabwino - kuwaika nthaka, peat ndi humus. zosakaniza onse atengedwa mu kuphatikiza 2: 1: 1.

Anyamata phwetekere tikhale awiri kapena atatu masamba oona, zofunika kuti utsi wa adyo njira (akhoza m'malo ndi njira yothetsera wa sulphate mkuwa).

kukonzekera nthaka

Kufesa phwetekere mbande ayenera idzachitika mu nthaka wapadera. Izo zikhoza kugulidwa ku sitolo kapena odikira. Mungamveketse kukonzekera nthaka mu kugwa. Pa nthawi iyi mu nthaka kupanga wambirimbiri phulusa mitengo ndi manyowa munda. Mukamakonzekera nthaka kugwa izo sizichitika, inu mukhoza kuchita izo m'chaka.

Asanadzalemo zomera ku zitsime wokonzedwera kwa iwo, anatsanulira peat wothira humus (2: 1). Kenako, bowo ladzala ndi madzi ndipo analola zilowerere. Tsopano n'zotheka kudzala mbewu.

Mwa njira, ena wamaluwa amalangiza zomera kubzala achinyamata zitsime zakuya moti masamba pansi kukhudza pansi. Zimenezi zimathandiza tomato mu nthawi yochepa kukhala mokwanira mizu yolimba.

Kusamalira tomato

Ngakhale mukudziwa masiku angati kumera tomato, mmene kukula mbande wabwino ndi mmene kukonzekera dothi, ichi si kokwanira kuti kukolola.

zikumela zomera, ndi zimafuna chisamaliro osiyana. Choncho, mu nthawi ya anatengera tomato sayenera anachita njira iliyonse nawo, ngakhale pasynkovaniya. Kuchotsa mphukira mbali kokha kukhala ndi chifooke zomera, chifukwa iwo koma anakwanitsa kukhazikika ku malo atsopano. Pasynkovanie bwino kukhala masabata 2-3 pambuyo chodzala mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi.

Pa kuchotsa mphukira lateral ayenera kupanga munthu pazipita mitengo ikuluikulu iwiri. Mapangidwe chipatso cha mbewu adzakhala korona ndithu, iwe kusiya.

Patatha mwezi kubzala tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha ziri zofunika kumanga. Musalole zomera kwala pansi - kuti kupereka mwayi kwa mitundu yonse ya tizirombo kusokoneza yokolola tsogolo lanu.

kuthirira

Popanda madzi, monga mukudziwa, za aliyense mbewu N'zosachita kufunsa, komanso ayenera madzi bwino. Tomato amakonda mpweya youma ndi pang'ono vlazhnovatoy nthaka.

Kugwiritsa kuthirira kungachititse chokha chakuti zomera ndi chilengedwe kwambiri chinyezi angathe choipitsa mochedwa. Kutsirira ayenera 1, munthu pazipita nthawi 2 sabata, monga pansi muzu.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Tomato, komanso zomera zonse timakhala matenda ena ndi tizirombo. The matenda ambiri zimene zingakhudze zokolola m'tsogolo - ndi chimake cha zowola, mochedwa choipitsa. Pofuna kupewa matenda, ayenera kugwira zodzitetezera, amene apanga chitetezo chokwanira ena zomera.

Kuwonjezera choipitsa mochedwa ndi zowola apical, achinyamata ndi atengeke phwetekere fusarium. Choncho, patangotha mlungu umodzi kubzala tomato kwa okhazikika wolakalakika utsi mbewu ntchito yokonzekera wapadera kupewa matenda.

Pofuna kupewa kuoneka zowola apical, kumene kumachitika chifukwa chosowa mchere, akadyetsedwe zomera ndi yankho la phulusa nkhuni (kamodzi pamwezi). Mwa njira, ngati inu mukudziwa masiku angati kumera tomato, mukhoza kupanga ndandanda akhakula ntchito zonse pa kubzala awo ndi zomera lonse nyengo yokonza.

Ndi choipitsa mochedwa bwino kulimbana mankhwala ambiri. Komabe, ngati inu kale anaonekera zipatso zoyambirira, ndiye Tembenukira chomera mankhwala si kwambiri ndipo ndikufuna. Pali njira zambiri anthu ambiri kuthana ndi "zilonda". Mwachitsanzo, n'zotheka utsi zomera adyo kuikidwa mu madzi. Kuti akonze mankhwala magalamu 500 adyo kutsanulira malita atatu a madzi ofunda. Adyo ayenera kumva kwa masiku atatu.

The tizilombo owopsa kwa tomato nematodes. Iwo ali ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti kuona popanda maso sizingatheke. tizirombo izi moyo m'nthaka ndi kulimbikitsa muzu zowola zomera.

pamene kukula vuto

Kuwonjezera matenda zomera ndi zofooka, mavuto oyamba zingabuke pa siteji ya kumera, ngati inu anagula nevskhozhie phwetekere mbewu. Mfundo mbande akhoza anachoka kwa inu yaikulu komanso losaiwalika tomato wamkulu mu chaka chathachi. Apa izo nzeru zothandiza pa zimene tsiku mphukira tomato kuti ngati anagwira mbewu zoyipa, mukhoza kudzala ena. Kuti mbewu anali germinating, ayenera bwino anasonkhana.

Ambiri wamaluwa wosadziwa amalakwitsa kusonkhanitsa zawo. Kusonkhanitsa chomera chuma, ndi osambitsidwa pansi pa madzi otunga kumtsinje, ndiye chabe kufalitsa pa pepala kapena nsalu kwa kuyanika. mbewu zimenezi kungathandize kutaya viability Patapita miyezi yochepa.

mfundo ndi yakuti padziko mbewu iliyonse ali ndi yomata filimu. Pa madzi rinsing ndi wosawonongeka, ndipo pamene atayanika chabe atayanika naye. Kenako, filimu amakhala ouma ndi mosatsata kwathunthu mbewu mpweya phwetekere. mbande mbewu pamaso kuchichapa, m'pofunika kuti kupesa, kuti awononge filimu kwambiri.

Nayonso mphamvu - ndi njira, koma ayenera kuchita mosamala. Ngati mbewu kuti overdo, mlingo kumera nawonso kutaika. makhalidwe abwino kwa ndondomeko woteroyo - kutentha madigiri 25, imene mbewu zimasungidwa m'malo acidic wa masiku awiri. Ena mitundu angakhale okwanira ndi tsiku, monga tomato chitumbuwa. Ndipo ena, mwachitsanzo, wakuda tomato, masiku 4 athe kuti filimu anakomoka. Mtundu wa chizindikiro mu njirayi ndi kuwononga yoopsa filimu. Kukonzekera mfundo kakwamba tsogolo kotero kuti inu mudziwe mmene masiku ambiri kumera tomato, ndipo athe kukonzekera zomera achinyamata molondola.

Kulakwila boma kutentha

Tiyeni tinene mukudziwa zimene tsiku mphukira tomato, koma nthawi ikutha ndi mphukira ndipo palibe. Musawafulumizitse kutumiza mbewu mu zinyalala ndi. Chongani poyamba ngati anaona kutentha osiyanasiyana chofunika kumera.

Non-Zidamera mbewu adzaikidwe pawindo, chifukwa palibe zokwanira mkulu kutentha kwa izi. Chonchi malo chiyenera kuikidwa mphamvu kokha pamene padzakhala mphukira.

Tayang'anani pa nthaka. Ziyenera kukhala otayirira zokwanira kubzala tomato kupuma ndi mphamvu zokwanira anagumula wosanjikiza a dziko lapansi.

Chongani chinyezi. Ngakhale mbewu anapereka majeremusi, koma kukhala nthawi zonse pa-wetting nthaka akhoza kuvunda ndi kufa. Komanso chiwerengero cha masiku mphukira tomato, zimadalira akuya kubzala. Yabwino njira - si kum'mamatira iwo mu nthaka, mopepuka kuwaza pansi yonyowa ndi kuphimba ndi zojambulazo.

Komanso kuti chiwerengero cha masiku kumera tomato, izo zimatengera mtundu wa dothi limene inu kudzala mbewu. Si nthawi zonse kugula osakaniza dziko lili ndi katundu wabwino zakudya. Choncho njira yabwino - kusakaniza dothi munapanga nokha.

Mukamakonzekera nthaka ndi manja anu sizotheka, ndiye mu osauka kumera ndi mmera kukula kwa zoipa kwenikweni Dyetsani tomato wamng'ono.

Pamene kusonkhanitsa mbewu?

Ndi kasupe kubzala momwe mbewu zambiri kumera tomato, bwanji chakuti iwo kuyisonkhanitsa. Mbewu okhwima zitha kukhala kucha tomato wofiira. Koma dikirani mpaka phwetekere perezreet, nawonso ayi. tomato nthawi overripe mkati kungakhale mbewu kale Zidamera. Mwachibadwa, si oyenera kubzala.

Kodi mbewu zambiri zimamera mwini? Zidalira pa recess moyenera wosabadwa awo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kucha phwetekere chikutha ndipo analola kugona pansi pa malo ozizira masiku atatu kapena anayi. Pambuyo pake, kutenga mbewu.

Ngati ife kulankhula za chifukwa palibe kumera mbewu anagula ku sitolo, chifukwa chachikulu - izo inatha kapena kusunga zosayenera mfundo za kubzala.

Malangizo

wamaluwa watsopano, makamaka amene konse anabzala tomato kuli kovuta awerengere nambala ya mbande kuti adzafuna kwa wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha.

Mfundo safuna kuti. Mukalola kuti n'kutheka kuti mungathe kufesa mbewu zambiri, ndipo kokha asanadzalemo mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kusankha zinthu amphamvu ndi wobiriwira.

Ngati kutaya mbewu ndi chisoni, akhoza anabzala mu nthaka lotseguka. Ena mitundu ka phwetekere zabwino ndithu amaona ndipo panja.

Ngati kunapezeka kuti mbewu utakula mochedwa, ndipo munabzala latsopano analibe nthawi, musataye mtima. Ngakhale tomato wanu sadzakhala ndi nthawi kuti zipse mpesa, akhoza kufika kukhwima ndi kunyumba. Pakuti tomato izi wobiriwira anayikidwa mu matumba pepala ndi kuzisunga pamalo ozizira mdima.

Musaiwale mosamala kuwunika zomera achikulire. Ngati inu mungazindikire nthawi zingapo milandu, iwo ayenera anakumba ndi kuwonongedwa, pamene ena onse tchire analibe nthawi kupha.

Ngati mulibe kukula mbande paokha, ndiye, kugula mbande mu sitolo mosamala kuyendera thengo lirilonse, aliyense tsamba. Osati kukhala tcheru, inu pachiswe kubweretsa tsamba lanu dziko kapena tizilombo kapena matenda amene angathe kuwononga zikhalidwe zina.

Atsopano mbande zofunika kugwira kanthawi kwaokha, kuchokera masamba ena. Pamene inu onetsetsani kuti tomato wamng'ono athanzi, ife tikhoza kuika iwo kwa ena zomera.

Osafunika anansi tomato

Kuwonjezera malingaliro za chake osati kumera tomato, za chikhalidwe sakuwupweteka kuphunzira ndi chinachake. Tomato sindimakonda azikhala ndi ena masamba ndi mbewu yokongola. Mwachitsanzo, oyandikana ndi mbatata ndi daffodils zimawononga mphamvu pa tomato fruiting.

Koma zomera monga marigolds, osati azikongoletsa maluwa bedi, komanso kuteteza tomato ku tizirombo (mwachitsanzo nematodes). Anabzala pafupi tomato, garlic ndi Basil nawonso m'mbuyo tizilombo osafunika. wamaluwa odziwa amalangiza kuthirira mlungu uliwonse kulowetsedwa wa tomato adyo.