Nation - ndi longoganizira ammudzi

Lingaliro la mtundu anagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nkhani masiku ano andale. Ndi izo, kuyesera zomangira chithunzi awo ndi zokhumba zawo mayiko onse. Koma kodi amaimira kwenikweni?

Mawu oyamba a tanthawuzo: fuko

Choyamba, tisaiwale kuti mu chinenero chamakono Russian pali lonse osiyanasiyana mawu ofanana ndi lingaliro la mtundu: anthu, mtundu ndi mtundu. Pa nthawi yomweyo mtundu wokha njira ndi malingaliro angapo a tanthauzo lake. Pali nkhondo apa, ndi ena otero kugwira ntchito yomasulira mawu a chinenero china. Choncho, kwa Germany ndi anthu ndi mtundu - ndi wowerengeka. Malingaliro awiri ogwirizana ndi mawu amodzi. Koma mu wapadera Chingelezi mabuku ndi anthu osiyana ndi mfundo mtundu. Choyamba, mwa njira, si ndithu mofanana ndi mmene anthu timamvera. Pakuti Chirasha mtundu wa anthu - ndi mtundu wa kupitiriza anthu ndi chitukuko mu gulu apamwamba. Pamene mtundu uli wamkulu malamulo ndi kwachilengedwenso umodzi umene wakhalapo kuyambira akale, ndi maganizo a mtundu akufotokoza m'malo dera umoyo maganizo. Ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwa olowa tsogolo mbiri, ngwazi wamba ndi mphindi zoopsa, umodzi wa zakale ndi tsogolo chikupangitsa mtundu. Ichi ndi chinachake chabe ya makhalidwe ofanana monga chikhalidwe ndi chinenero (ngakhale ali maziko). Development wa mtundu, malinga ndi akatswiri a masiku ano amakayikira mfundo zake apamwamba ikukhudza chilengedwe cha dziko. Ndi njira yabwino kwambiri ndi mawu wamba zokonda dziko ndi mfundo yachilendo ndi zoweta.

Kubadwa kwa mtundu

Mu historiography ano, funso ali mafunde angapo mosiyana kuganizira chiyambi cha mtundu. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri odalirika akadali amanena zikamera a mitundu mu mawonekedwe awo panopa nthawi ya makono ano. Komanso, poyamba anali chodabwitsa European. Nation - ndi brainchild wa Mugone capitalist ndi sayansi ndi luso zisinthe. Pakuti wamba wa Ages Middle panalibe adzadziwire ngati ndipo panalibe kusiyana pakati pa ma German, French ambuye ang'onoang'ono. Ndipo zomalizira alimi onse kutulutsa misa umodzi. Mmodzi wa ofufuza wotchuka kwambiri lero, Benedict Anderson walenga mfundo zapadera za "Madera longoganizira". Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtundu - chipatso cha m'maganizo anthu pamapeto pake. Kumachitika kokha pamene kugwa kwa alimi chikhalidwe (mwachitsanzo madera kumudzi), ndi watsopano, anthu ambiri padziko lonse. kutsimikizika Local salinso abwino, ndi kugwira ntchito mu Munich Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha njira izi anayamba kumverera commonality ndi kalaliki wa iyi: Dortmund, ngakhale kuti asanakumanepo. Pakuti mtundu n'chofunika kwambiri wamba zizindikiro - maziko a umodzi wa anthu ake. Kawirikawiri mtundu wa mtundu - andakatulo, olemba, oimba, mbiri yakale - ndi mlengi wa atchulidwa. Iwo apanga fano la mgwirizano mu malingaliro a anthu a m'gawo ena.