Hitler anayamba kulamulira. Chifukwa nyamuka Hitler mphamvu

Popeza kudzipha Adolf Hitler wakhala pafupifupi zaka 70. Komabe, zokongola chithunzi yake yandale akadali chidwi mbiri yakale akufuna kumvetsa mmene wodzichepetsa wamng'ono wojambula popanda maphunziro maphunziro akhoza kulowa mtundu German mudziko misa psychosis ndi kukhala Mlengi ndi ideologist wa milandu yamagazi kwambiri mu mbiri ya dziko. Choncho zimene zinali zifukwa nyamuka Hitler mphamvu, kodi mnjira ndi zimene unachitika chochitika chimenechi?

Chiyambi cha mbiri andale

Tsogolo Mtsogoleri wa fuko German anabadwa mu 1889. Chiyambi cha ntchito zake zandale tinganene kuti mu 1919, pamene Hitler anapuma ku asilikali ndi kulumikiza German Antchito Party. M'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pa msonkhano gulu anati akufuna kuti Sinthani dzina gulu la Nazi Party ndipo analengeza ake pa zandale, wopangidwa mwa mfundo 25. malingaliro ake anabwereza mwa anthu a Munich. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kumapeto kwa woyamba Party Congress unachitikira mu 1923, mumzinda zapita stormtroopers ulendo, amene panafika anthu oposa 5,000. Choncho anayamba nkhani ya kuwuka kwa Hitler.

Zocitika za NSDAP mu nthawi kuchokera 1923 mpaka 1933

Yotsatira kwambiri zinachitika m'mbiri ya Nazi anali otchedwa Beer Hall Putsch, imene zikwi zitatu stormtroopers colones kutsogoleredwa ndi Hitler anayesa kulanda nyumba ya Utumiki wa chitetezo. Iwo anakankhira mmbuyo apolisi chipolowe, ndi atsogoleri a zachiwawa ndi anayesedwa. Makamaka, Hitler akakhale zaka 5 m'ndende. Komabe, iye wakhala m'ndende kwa miyezi ingapo ndipo kulipira chindapusa zosonyeza 200 golide. Kamodzi free, Hitler anayamba zachiwawa zandale. Zikomo kuti khama lake mu 1930 chisankho, kenako 1932 chipani chake analandira ambiri mipando mu nyumba yamalamulo kukhala kwambiri zandale. Choncho iwo unalengedwa zikhalidwe ndale kuti n'zotheka kuti kuwuka Hitler mphamvu. Germany panthawi imeneyo anali mu nsinga za mavuto inayamba mu Europe mu 1929.

zifukwa Economic kwa nyamuka Hitler mphamvu

Pamene mbiri yakale amakhulupirira, ntchito yaikulu zinapambana ndale za NSDAP ankaimba The Great Depression, umene unatha pafupi zaka 10. Ndi zopweteka kwambiri kugunda makampani ku Germany ndi kwaiye 7.5 asilikali miliyoni amphamvu lova. Wokwanira kuti, womwe unachitikira mu 1931, amenye Anthuwa la mzinda Ruhr, anapezeka ndi antchito pafupifupi 350 000. Izi zikachitika, kuchuluka udindo wa Party Communist la Germany, amene wachititsa nkhawa za anthu chuma ndi industrialists lalikulu amene adalira pa Nazi Party monga mphamvu yekha angathe kukana Chikomyunizimu.

Kusankhidwa positi mutu wa nduna za Atumiki

Kumayambiriro 1933, Pulezidenti Hindenburg analandira ndalama zambiri kuchokera magnates German amene ankafuna udindo wake monga mutu wa Nazi Party Chancellor. Msilikari wakale amene wakhala moyo, kupatula iliyonse pfennig, sakanakhoza kukana, ndi kale 30 January, Hitler wotanganidwa imodzi mwa nsanamira zofunika kwambiri Germany. Komanso, panali mphekesera zoti panali akuyendeni pansi zokhudza chuma chinyengo mwana Hindenburg. Koma akhale mutu wa nduna za sindimatanthauza nyamuka Hitler mphamvu monga chilamulo kokha kutenga Reichstag, ndipo pa nthawiyo Socialists National analibe chiwerengero ofunikira mipando.

Kuphedwa wa chikominisi ndi Night wa Long Mipeni

Patapita masabata ochepa chabe pambuyo kusankhidwa Hitler, kunali kuyatsa nyumbayo Reichstag. Chifukwa, ndi Party Communist wakhala mlandu akukonzekera kulanda mphamvu mu dziko, ndi Pulezidenti Hindenburg zinasaina lamulo pa conferring mphamvu zapadera za nduna.

M'mene adalandira Blanche mundi, Hitler analamula amangidwe olimbikitsa ufulu wa Party Communist padziko 4000 ndipo analengeza za chisankho chatsopano Reichstag, kumene pafupifupi 44% ya mavoti anapita chipani chake. mphamvu ina zimene zingachititse kukhala kovuta nyamuka Hitler mphamvu, anatumiza asilikali kumenya munthu, amene atsogozedwa ndi Ernst Röhm. Ndipo n'chongoletsa gulu Anazi ransacked, anadzatchedwa "Night wa Long Mipeni." Anasokonezeka kupulula unakhala pafupifupi zikwi anthu, kuphatikizapo atsogoleri ambiri SA.

referendum

August 2, 1934 Pulezidenti Hindenburg anafa. chochitika inapita nyamuka Hitler mphamvu monga iye anatha kukwaniritsa m'malo chisankho oyambirira referendum. Pa msonkhano August 19, 1934 adzaponye chisanko anafunsidwa funso limodzi lokha adawomba motere: "Kodi mukuvomera Pulezidenti ndi Chancellor udindo akhala amaphatikiza?" Pambuyo ochuluka a mavoti anapezeka kuti ambiri omwe adzaponye chisanko anali mokomera akufuna kusintha akuluakulu onse . Chifukwa, pulezidenti linathetsedwa.

The Mfumu ndi Ulamuliro wa Nazi Chancellor

Ofufuza ambiri chaka Hitler anayamba kulamulira - 1934. Ndithudi, pambuyo pa referendum pa August 19, anakhala osati monga mutu wa nduna, komanso mkulu wamkulu, amene panokha anali kulumbirira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa asilikali. Komanso, nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya dziko anali kupereka mutu wa Fuehrer ndi Ulamuliro wa Nazi Chancellor. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ena a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti tikaganizira kuwuka kwa mphamvu ya Hitler, tsiku la 30 January 1933 n'kofunika kwambiri monga kuyambira ndi chipani chake akhoza kukhudzanso pa mfundo zoweta ndi achilendo la Germany. Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, mu Europe panali wolamulira, chifukwa cha zochita yawonongeka ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri m'maiko atatu.

Germany. Hitler anayamba kulamulira: akukhudza mfundo zoweta ndi chuma (zaka 1934-1939)

Zaka zoyambirira pambuyo pabvomelezo la olamulira ankhanza a dziko m'maganizo mwa nzika anamukwiyira anayambitsa mfundo pogwiritsa Pazipilala atatu: revanchism, odana Semitism ndi chikhulupiriro mu wapadera mtundu German. Posachedwapa, Germany, nyamuka Hitler mphamvu anali anakonzeratu mwa kuphatikizapo zifukwa mfundo yachilendo, anayamba kuona bwino chuma. Kwambiri chepetse chiwerengero cha ulova makampani lonse kuyambira kusintha anali anayambitsa ndi ikuchitika zochita zosiyanasiyana umalimbana chikusintha udindo wa Germany osauka. Pa nthawi yomweyo dissent aliyense kuletsedwa mu Mphukira, kuphatikizapo kupyolera kupondereza chachikulu, nthawi zambiri mtima wonse amathandiza omvera malamulo anthuŵa, namkondweretsa kuti quarantines boma kapena kuononga Ayuda kapena chikominisi, n'kusokoneza, monga iwo adakhulupirira, ndi mapangidwe Wamkulu Germany. Mwa njira, kwambiri nyimbo ndi chabwino oratory Goebbels ndi Mtsogoleri yekha. Kwenikweni, pamene inu muyang'ana pa "mitu iwiri mphungu. Hitler anayamba kulamulira "- filimu Lutz Becker pafupifupi kwathunthu zochokera newsreels, amene analembedwa mu nthawi kuyambira chiyambi cha November kusintha Germany ndi buku Galimoto - mukudziwa n'zosavuta kupezerera chikumbumtima anthu. Ndipotu izi zododometsa zimene ife sindikuyankhula za mazana ochepa mwinanso masauzande la otentheka achipembedzo, koma mtundu multimillion, amene wakhala chimodzi cha ŵakusanga kwambiri ku Ulaya.

nyamuka Hitler mphamvu mwachidule tafotokozazi - ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo buku la mmene zopangira demokalase anafika wolamulira vvergshy dziko mu chisokonezeko ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.