Chombo waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse: photos, Miyeso

Chombo choyamba mu dziko anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII. Zinali sitima yaikulu kwambiri amatha kuswa ayezi mu Philadelphia gombe. Iyo inali nthawi yaitali kuyambira gudumu linasintha ndi chopangira mphamvu, ndiyeno panali komanso wamphamvu nyukiliya riyakitala. Lero, yaikulu nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa mng'alu Arctic ayezi mphamvu zochuluka.

Kodi Chombo?

chotengera ichi ntchito madzi yokutidwa ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza ayezi. Zombo nyukiliya okonzeka ndi zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, choncho ndi mphamvu kuposa dizilo, kotero iwo savuta kugonjetsa amatunga mazira. Zochangamutsa mwayi wina osiyana - iwo safuna refueling.

Nkhani yotsatirayi Chombo waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse (zinkakhala mbali, ndi zina zotero. D.). Komanso, werengani nkhaniyo, mukhoza kuona liners waukulu wa mtundu uwu mu dziko.

mwachidule

Tikumbukenso kuti onse 10 amene alipo lero Zombo nyukiliya anamanga ndi chinayandama mu nthawi ya ulendo wa USSR ndi Russia. Indispensability ndege amenewa akutsimikizira ntchito, umene unachitika mu 1983. Pa nthawi imeneyo, pafupi makumi asanu pa zotengera, kuphatikizapo Zombo ndi dizilo, anali Arctic kum'mawa, mu ayezi msampha. Only chifukwa cha atomiki Chombo "Arktika" , iwo anatha kutuluka ku ukapolo ndi kukasiya zofunika kwa midzi yapafupi.

Kumanga sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya ku Russia anayamba nthawi yaitali, chifukwa chokhacho m'dziko lathu ndi Ocean Arctic pali kukhudza yaitali mtunda - wotchuka apanyanja kumpoto njira, utali umene uli 5 zikwi 600 makilomita .. Yambani zimatengera ku Kara Chipata ndipo itha pa Providence Bay.

Pali wina chidwi mfundo: Zombo mwapadera utoto mumtundu kwambiri wofiira kuoneka bwino lomwe mu ayezi.

Nkhani yotsatirayi ndi kuchangamutsa waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse (pamwamba 10).

Chombo "Arktika"

Mmodzi wa Zombo yaikulu - Chombo "Arktika" anapita mu mbiri monga 1st pamwamba chombo, amene wafika ku North Pole. icho chinali kutchedwa "Leonid Brezhnev" mu zaka 1982-1986. Bookmark izo unachitikira mu Leningrad, pa doko la zombo zapanyanja Baltic mu July 1971. Chilengedwe ake anali nawo mabizinezi oposa 400 ndipo anthu ocheza nawo, kufufuza kwasayansi ndi zokongola komanso mabungwe ena.

Chombo unayambitsidwa mu mochedwa 1972. Cholinga Chotengera - navigation pamodzi Ocean Arctic.

nyukiliya sitima zapamadzi kutalika - mamita 148, ndipo gulu ali ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 17 mamita. m'lifupi - mamita 30. Nthunzi ikuyambitsa zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya - oposa 55 megawatts. Luso zizindikiro chotengera analola kuti kubooleza ayezi, kukhala ndi makulidwe a 5 m, ndi liwiro lake mu madzi oyera kusanduka 18 mfundo.

10 Zombo waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse

M'munsimu muli pamwamba 10 waukulu (by kutalika) wa Zombo zamakono padziko lonse:

1. "Njira Yapanyanja Yakumpoto" - ndi zoyendera chombo icebreaking. m'litali ndi mamita 260, kutalika limafanana ndi kukula kwa nyumba multistory. chotengera amatha kudutsa ayezi makulidwe a 1 mita.

2. "Arctic" - waukulu Chombo kutalika mamita 173. Iye adatchithisira m'madzi mu 2016 ndipo umaimira woyamba Chombo nyukiliya la Chitaganya cha Russia. Akhoza azimasuka makulidwe pafupifupi 3 meters.

3. "50 Zaka Chigonjetso" - nyanja atomiki Chombo (waukulu mu dziko) kalasi "Arctic", yodziwika ndi mphamvu chidwi ndi kubzala kwambiri. m'litali ndi mamita 159,6.

4. "Tajmyr" - atomiki mtsinje Chombo kuswa ayezi estuarine makulidwe mpaka mamita 1.7. m'litali ndi mamita 151,8. The peculiarity chombo - phuma ang'onoang'ono ndi luso ntchito pa monyanyira otsika kutentha.

5. "Vaigach" - anamanga pa ntchito m'ma "Taimyr" (koma iye anali pang'ono wamng'ono). zida nyukiliya anaikidwa pa chombo mu 1990. M'litali - 151,8 m.

6. "Yamal" - wotchuka chifukwa chakuti pa Chombo izi pa msonkhano wa lachitatu Zakachikwi mu North Pole. Chiwerengero cha flights Chombo pathera anali pafupifupi 50. M'litali mamita 150.

7. Healy - waukulu US Chombo. Mu 2015 pa izo nthawi yoyamba Achimereka anatha kukonza ulendo ku North Pole. Research chombo okonzeka ndi atsopano zasayansi kuyesedwa zida. M'litali - mamita 128.

8. PolarSea - mmodzi wa Zombo wamkulu United States of America, anamanga mu 1977. Seattle - doko. Kutalika kwa chombo - mamita 122. Mwina posachedwapa olembedwa mu mogwirizana ndi ukalamba.

9. Louis S. St-Laurent - Chombo waukulu anamanga ku Canada (mamita 120 yaitali) mu 1969 ndi wamakono otsiriza zonse mu 1993. Ichi ndi sitima yoyamba mu dziko, amene anafika mu 1994 wa North Pole.

10. Polarstern - German Chombo, anamanga mu 1982 ndipo anafuna kafukufuku wa sayansi. Sitimayo wamkulu ali kutalika mamita 118. Mu 2017, izo adzamangira Polarstern-II, umene m'malo kuloŵedwa m'malo ndi kutenga ulonda ku Arctic.

Chombo waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse: photos, maonekedwe, akuti

"Zaka 50 Chigonjetso" - kwakukulukulu modernized woyendetsa polojekiti 2 "Arctic" mtundu angapo othandiza kuchangamutsa. Mu mawonekedwe uta chotengera cha umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe a supuni. Poyamba ntchito mu chitukuko cha experimental "Kenmar Kigoriyak" (Chombo, Canada) mu 1979 ndipo mokhutiritsa anatsimikizira Mwachangu lapansi.

Ndi yaikulu ndi wamphamvu kwambiri mu dziko atomiki Chombo yatenganso digito dongosolo ano chotero kulamulira. Lilinso ndi akweza Zida zogwiritsira chitetezo kwachilengedwenso kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu. Okonzeka ndi izo, ndi chipinda zachilengedwe, zida ndi zipangizo zatsopano ano, amatenga ndi disposes pa zinthu kungotaya ogwira pa bolodi.

Chombo "Zaka 50 Chigonjetso" amachita osati ndi kutulutsidwa kwa ziwiya zina kuchokera ayezi ukapolo, iye ankaganizira pa kukhazikitsa cruises alendo. Kumene, galimotolo cabins pa bolodi kumeneko, kotero alendo ndi kuwavomereza cabins ochiritsira ya kapangidwe sitimayo. Komabe, mbali ya ngalawayo okonzeka ndi odyera, anthunzi otulutsirako thukuta, dziwe kusambira masewero olimbitsa thupi.

A History Mwachidule m'chombo

padziko lonse lapansi Chombo - "Zaka 50 Chigonjetso". Bukuli linapangidwa mu Leningrad pa doko la zombo zapanyanja Baltic mu 1989 ndi zaka 4 m'tsogolo mwake ndi anapezerapo kwa nthawi yoyamba. Komabe, pomanga anali asanathane chifukwa mavuto a zachuma. Only mu 2003 izo linatsegulidwanso yomanga wake, ndipo mu February 2007 ku Gulf of Finland anayamba kuyezetsa. doko ake kaundula anakhala Murmansk.

Ngakhale pa chiyambi protracted lero kumbuyo chombo - pa zana maulendo ku North Pole.

Champhamvu kwambiri ndi mkulu zoyendetsedwa Chombo "Zaka 50 Chigonjetso" - chifukwa cha 8 atomiki Chombo, kulinganizidwa ndi kumangidwa pa doko la zombo zapanyanja Baltic.

"Siberia"

Pa nthawi, Soviet Union analibe ofanana pomanga Zombo nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa. M'masiku amenewo paliponse mu dziko analibe makhoti amenewa, panthawi Soviet Union anali 7 atomiki kuchangamutsa. Mwachitsanzo, "Siberia" - chotengera yomwe yakhala kupitiriza mwachindunji "Arctic" mtundu wa zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya.

chotengeracho okonzeka ndi kachipangizo aya dongosolo, amene makina fax, telefoni panyanja. Inalinso zogwiritsa ntchito zonse: a chochezera, dziwe, anthunzi otulutsirako thukuta, laibulale, masewero olimbitsa thupi, ndi chachikulu chodyera.

Chombo "Siberia" nkhaniyo anabwera monga chotengera woyamba wachita chaka chonse navigation ku Murmansk kuti Dudinka. Komanso, ndi chotengera wachiwiri anafika pamwamba pa dziko pa North Pole.

Mu 1977 (nthawi muzipereka ntchito kwa Chombo), inali mbali yaikulu: mamita 29,9 - m'lifupi mamita 147,9 - kutalika. Mu masiku amenewo, padziko lonse lapansi Chombo.

kutanthauza kuchangamutsa

posachedwapa, kufunika kwa sitima zoterozo kokha kuonjezera, chifukwa yaitali anakonza wambiri ntchito za chitukuko yogwira zachilengedwe pansi wamkulu Arctic Ocean pansi.

Pa malo osiyana navigation North Sea njira iyo kumatenga miyezi 2-4 okha, chifukwa onse nthawi zonse madzi yokutidwa ndi ayezi kwa mamita 3 kapena zambiri wandiweyani. Pofuna pachiopsezo ngalawa adalira, komanso pofuna kupulumutsa mafuta ndi kuchangamutsa anatumiza ndege ndi Helicopters kuchita kufufuza pofunafuna njira yosavuta.

Dziko Zombo yaikulu ndi mbali yofunika - iwo akhoza mosadalira kuthamanga pa Ocean Arctic pa chaka, kuswa uta wa mawonekedwe osaka ayezi makulidwe mamita mpaka 3.

Pomaliza

USSR poyamba anali ndi mphamvu mtheradi m'dziko chiwerengero cha zipangizo zoterezi. Monga pa nthawi inamangidwa asanu nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa ndi kuchangamutsa.

Popeza 1989, ena othandiza kuchangamutsa wa mtundu uwu akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maulendo alendo amene anachita makamaka kwa North Pole.

M'nyengo yozizira, ayezi makulidwe m'nyanja ndi pafupifupi 1.2-2 mita, ndi m'madera ena a mamita mpaka 2.5, koma Zombo atomiki kuyenda pa madzi oterowo ndi liwiro la makilomita 20 pa ola limodzi (11 mfundo). Mu madzi ufulu kwa ayezi, liwiro la angafikire makilomita 45 pa ola limodzi (kapena mfundo 25).