Kuukira ndi 1953-59 Cuba

Kukwera Cuba ndi yaitali motero zida yolimbirana mphamvu, amene anayamba July 26, 1953, ndipo linamalizidwa pa chiyambi cha January 1959 chigonjetso chathunthu cha anthu opanduka. chochitika Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti asinthe dongosolo la ndale ndipo zinasinthiratu ndi mbiri yonse tsogolo la dziko.

The Cuba utasintha - Zoyambitsa

Waukulu mavuto a boma ndi pakati pa 20th Century wofanana:

- monoculture ulimi - maziko makampani anali nzimbe ;

- ambiri latifundia - yaikulu payekha dziko, amene apadera kokha wolowa ndi yaikulu ntchito simuchita malipiro ntchito;

- pa kudalira wa chuma pa dziko lonse la likulu US.

Pa chiyambi cha March 1952 mu dziko panali chiwembu d'etat, ndi chifukwa kuti ali asilikali apolisi kupondereza lotsogoleredwa ndi Fulgencio Batista.

Mphamvu zatsopano yodziwika ndi chivundi mkulu, Cuba anayamba chitsutsocho ndale ndi ndondomeko ya zachuma zinachititsa kuti kuchepa lakuthwa mu ndalama weniweni wa anthu. anthu anali kukula kusakhutira kuti anakhetsa mu mawonekedwe a pofuna wina kulanda boma. Boma walunjika wamng'ono loya komanso mtsogoleri wandale Fidel Castro.

History kusintha

Gulu la zigawenga kutsogoleredwa ndi Fidel Castro wa July 26, 1953 anapanga pofuna mkuntho yamalinga m'chipindacho Moncada m'nyengo Santiago. Iwo kudalira anthu ambiri, chifukwa kusakhutira ndi ulamuliro panopa anali wautali kwambiri mwa anthu. Komabe, izi sizinachitike, ndi detachment a boma kumenyana okha maola awiri, anavutika linagonja.

Ambiri mwa zigawenga anaphedwa ndipo ena anagwidwa ndi mlandu. Fidel Castro nokha otetezeka pa mlandu chifukwa Iye anali wazamalamulo. Apo iye ananena mawu wake wotchuka: "History Kodi Zinapereka ufulu kwa Ine."

oimbidwa onse analandira ziganizo yokulirapo ndende - kuchokera zaka 10 mpaka 15. Koma anthu anali pambali pa opandukawo, kukakamiza Batista kusaina posachedwapa dongosolo la Amnesty. Abale Castro mwamsanga kumasulidwa ku ndende anasamukira ku loyandikana Mexico kulenga kumeneko insurrectionary bungwe "M-26" ( "26 July Movement"). Pali Fidel Castro anatha kukumana ndi wotchuka chosintha Suntuke Guevarra, amene yomweyo limodzi ndi M-26.

Kumayambiriro a December 1956 ku gombe la chigawo cha Oriente anasambira yatchi "Granma" imene inatera 82 zida zigawenga. Kukwera Cuba kukonzekera kupita ku siteji ya Nkhondo yogwira. The ankafika yomweyo anaona makamu a boma komanso anali pafupifupi inawonongedwa. Malinga osiyanasiyana magwero, izi wagawo anapulumuka ku 11 22 anthu.

Ngakhale kulephera wina, boma sanaganize kuti ndisiye. Anaganiza wofufuza zakuya ku dziko, kupita ku madera a kumidzi. Kumeneko, opandukawo anapambana chikhulupililo cha anthu, alemba ntchito iwo m'maudindo ake. M'mizinda, nayenso, anali ndi ntchito yogwira ana asukulu. Gulu zipolowe zida akulozera.

Pa nthawi imene Batista boma anali kusavomereza osati m'dziko lawo komanso US - makamaka zachuma ndi zankhondo bwenzi la Cuba. Zimenezi masewero m'manja mwa boma la.

M'chaka cha 1958, ulimi Cuba wapita gawo zolawula. Ndi autumn opandukawo anatenga ulamuliro wa chigawo cha Las Villas ndi Oriente, ndipo tsiku loyamba la 1959 asilikali awo kuti apambana analowa Santiago. Imodzi ndi zochitika izi Suntuke Guevarra asilikali analanda mzinda wa Santa Clara.

Batista nyerezera kuti athawe dziko, ndi wake boma makamaka anatsanzika. January 2 boma azikhala Havana - likulu la Cuba. Patapita masiku angapo, pa January 6, mu mzinda apambana ndipo anafika Fidel Castro kulanda boma zonse latsopano.

Mbiri ya Cuba pambuyo ulimi

Kusintha kwakukulu pa dziko anayamba nthawi yomweyo. Mu malo a magulu kale zida anafika Woukira Army ndi apolisi anatenga asilikali malo Anthu.

Mu May 1959, izo zinachitikadi agrarian kusintha zinachititsa kuti minda anali anathetsa, ndipo dzikolo linakhala cholowa cha wamba ndi boma. Kenako mu 1963, lalikulu minda nawonso inathetsedwa ndi mgwirizano idayamba shuga gawo.

Komanso mu 1959 mabanki ndi mabizinesi chachikulu akhala katundu wa boma, ndipo mu 1960, tsogolo chomwecho ankavutika Makampani American.

Popeza 1961, iye anayamba ntchito yapadera m'dzikolo kuthetsa umbuli.

khazikika adali kutali demokalase. Media akhala kwathunthu ankaonetsetsa ndi, anthu akhala bwinobwino kufufuzidwa makomiti pa chitetezo cha ulimi.

Zipembedzo, kuphatikizapo matchalitchi ambiri Catholic asiya chuma chawo chonse, ansembe makamaka anathamangitsidwa m'dziko lapansi.

Relations ndi United States pambuyo ulimi, sali kwambiri, ndi Castro waganiza mwachangu kusuntha kwambiri kwa mayiko a Communist bloc - makamaka ndi Soviet Union. Mu February 1960 yosainidwa pangano loyamba pa chiphaso ndi Cuba thandizo Soviet.

Kukwera Cuba kwatanthauza kuti dziko wakhala zasintha zawo pandale, ndipo m'chaka mochedwa 1961 mwalamulo litanena boma zokomera.