Korean nkhondo ya 1950-1953. Chifukwa, mbiri. ndicho nkhondo Korea chiyani?

Masiku ano m'dziko la pali ambiri zikuluzikulu nkhondo asilikali, amene "de facto" ndi siinamalizidwe, amakhalabe mu "ozizira" gawo. Gulu la kuchotserapo likukhudza koma kuti atasemphana nkhondo pakati pa USSR ndi Japan, panganoli mtendere umene silinakwaniritsidwe walemba, ndi nkhondo Korea. Inde, mu 1953 mbali ziwiri anasaina "osayanjanitsika" koma Koreas awiri atachita mwamwano pang'ono. Ndipotu, mayiko awiri ali pa nkhondo.

Akukhulupirira kuti alowererepo Soviet ndi United States anali chifukwa chachikulu nkhondo, koma sizinali choncho, chifukwa zinthu mkati mwa chilumba panthawi imeneyo inali yovuta. chakuti kusiyana yokumba umene unachitikira atatsala pang'ono, makamaka sliced dziko mu theka, ndipo anali oipitsitsa kuposa zinthu ku Western ndi kum'mawa Germany.

anali Kodi Koreas awiri pamaso mkangano?

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti northerners mwadzidzidzi ndipo wodzitama anaukira southerners, ngakhale sali choncho. Ku South Korea, pa nthawi malamulo pulezidenti wa Li Syn Man. Iye akhala ankakhala United States, analankhula kwambiri English, ngakhale Korea kunapatsidwa kwa iye ndi mavuto, iye nthawi yomweyo, oddly mokwanira, sanali chidole cha America ndipo ngakhale poyera wonyozedwa ndi White House. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, tiyenera anali ndi zifukwa zomveka: Lee Seung kwambiri ndithu kuziganizira yekha "mesiya" wa anthu onse Korea mosatonthozeka ofunitsitsa kulimbana ndi zonse napempha kotunga zida zolawula. America kumuthandiza kuti ndifulumire, chifukwa si kulolera kuti mu nkhondo chiyembekezo Korea, amene pa nthawi kanthu kothandiza iwo sanapereke.

Thandizo la anthu "Mesiya" kapena sizinagwire ntchito. Kumanzere-phiko maphwando mu boma anali amphamvu kwambiri. Choncho, mu 1948 padawuka lonse lankhondo Regiment, ndi Jeju Island kwa nthawi yaitali "kulalikira" zikhulupiriro chikominisi. Ichi ndi okwera mtengo kwa anthu ake: pafupifupi chachinayi anafa chifukwa cha kugalukira ndi. Oddly zokwanira, koma izi zinali pafupifupi mosadziwa Moscow kapena Washington, koma ndithudi anadandaula kuti "commies chaotayika" ndi "imperialists". Ndipotu, chirichonse chimene chimachitika anali eni zochitika za Korea okha.

The kuwonongeka kwa zinthu

Kuyambira 1949 zinthu pa malire a Koreas awiri kwambiri zinkafanana amadzibisa wa First World nkhondo, monga zimakhalira akatiputa ndiponso Nkhondo lotseguka zinachitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Mosiyana ndi maganizo atsopano a "akatswiri", nthawi zambiri mu ntchito ya akagwiriridwa anali southerners. N'chifukwa chake ngakhale mbiri yakale Western avomereze kuti June 25, 1950 anapambana nkhondo Korea amafunika gawo otentha.

Pa kasamalidwe wa North ayenera kunena mawu ochepa. Ife tonse tikumbukire "mmodzi wowongolera lalikulu", ndiye Kim Il Sung. Ndizo chabe mu nthawi ya udindo wake anafotokozedwa ndi ife sizinali choncho chachikulu. Ambiri, zinthu amatikumbutsa USSR ya nyemba 20 ntchentche: Lenin unali wodziwika kwambiri, koma Bukharin, Trotsky ndi atsogoleri ena analinso ndi kulemera yaikulu m'bwalolo ndale. Kuyerekezera, ndithudi, zamwano, koma kumvetsa wamba zimene zikuchitika Korea North likupereka. Choncho, mbiri za nkhondo Korea ... Chifukwa Union anaganiza gawo mmenemo?

N'chifukwa chiyani Soviet Union kanthu mkangano?

Achikominisi ntchito kumpoto "Mesiya" anachita Pak Hon-yong, nduna ya za okhonda ndi zoona, munthu wachiwiri pa dziko ndi Party Communist. Iye, mwa njira, anakhazikitsidwa yomweyo pambuyo yomenyera utakhala Japanese, ndi lodziwika bwino Kim Iri Sen adakali moyo mu Soviet Union. Komabe, iye Pak mu 30 analinso kukhala Soviet Union, komanso kuposa kuti - payenera mabwenzi amphamvu. Izi yoona, ndipo anali chifukwa chachikulu vvyazyvaniya dziko lathu mu nkhondo.

Pak mwakachetechete Dziwani utsogoleri wa USSR, kuti mu nkhani ya kuukira kwa osachepera 200 zikwi "chikominisi Korea" kwa yomweyo kukaloŵa amanyansidwa zikuluzikulu ... ndi zigawenga zidole boma adzagwa yomweyo. Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti palibe nzika ziliri pa Soviet Union mu malo amenewo Choncho, zochita onse ali pa mawu ndi maganizo a Pak. Izi - chimodzi mwa zifukwa zikuluzikulu chifukwa mbiri ya za nkhondo Korea ali inextricably zogwirizana ndi mbiri ya dziko lathu.

Long zokwanira Washington, Beijing ndi Moscow adalipo osati kulowerera pa zimene zikuchitika mwachindunji Kim Il Sung kwenikweni ankatigenda Beijing ndi Moscow kumuthandiza ndi kampeni Seoul. Tikumbukenso kuti September 24, 1949 Utumiki wa silikhali ali pafupifupi ndondomeko akufuna monga "osagwira", zimene asilikali imayendetsedwa ndi Plenum a Komiti chapakati cha CPSU. Chikalatachi poyera anati 'mwamsanga chigonjetso kuwerengedwa ndi bwino sikuthandiza, ndipo ngakhale scrapping kukaniza sangathe kupewa mavuto chachikulu chuma ndi ndale. " China anaika ngakhale akuthwa ndi zambiri konkire. Koma analandiridwa mu 1950 inapempha chilolezo Pak. Choncho anayamba kukangana Korea ...

Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa Moscow kusintha zochita zake?

N'kutheka kuti zabwino njira chisankho ina mukopedwe zikamera wa China monga watsopano, boma palokha. The Chinese akhoza kuthandiza anansi Korea, koma anali odzaza ndi mavuto awo, dziko wakhala kokha anaimitsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Kotero kuti Soviet Union zinali zosavuta kutsimikizira imeneyi ndi kuti "blitzkrieg" bwino kwathunthu.

Ndi tsopano tonse tikudziwa kuti United States zinthu zambiri komanso kukunenerani nkhondo Korea. The zifukwa tikudziwa, koma masiku amenewo sizinali pafupifupi zoonekeratu. Korea tonse tikudziwa kuti America kwambiri zikuwanyansa Syngman Rhee. Ndi ena Republicans mu yamalamulo, ankadziwa bwino, koma Democrats, amene kale ankaimba "woyamba zeze" poyera kuti Lee Mwana "akale senile."

Mawu, munthu uyu anali pa Achimereka mtundu wa "sutukesi popanda chogwirizitsa," zomwe kungakhale kovuta kwambiri kuti litenge, koma si koyenera kuponya. Iwo unachita ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa Kuomintang ku China: US pafupifupi sanachite thandizo lotseguka ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira Taiwanese, ndipo Ndipotu iwo anali kumene inu mukufuna zina "geriatric". Choncho mapeto linali losavuta: iwo kanthu mu mkangano Korea. Zifukwa kutenga nawo mbali pa iwo analibe (hypothetically).

Komanso Korea pa nthawi imeneyo inali yololedwa kuchotsedwa mndandanda wa mayiko amene achita okha kuteteza America mwambo wa mokwiya mwadzidzidzi lachitatu maphwando. Pomaliza, map a nthawi imeneyo mfundo zokwanira, imene "commies" tikhoza kukhudza. West Berlin, Greece, Turkey ndi Iran - CIA maganizo, m'malo onsewa mwina imfayo lakutali woopsa kwambiri kwa US zinthu geopolitical zotsatira zake.

Kodi anapanga Washington kuthandizapo

Mwatsoka, Soviet nzeru kwambiri cholakwika, popanda kuganiza, pa nthawi imene kunali nkhondo Korea. Truman anali pulezidenti, ndipo zinali zofunika kwambiri zokhudza "chikominisi oukira", ndi zinthu zilizonse za USSR amaona mwano munthu. Iye ankakhulupirira mu chiphunzitso cha containment, komanso khobidi sankaona chofooka ndi zidole za United Nations. Komanso, mu United States anali amenewa: andale kukhala okhwima kupeŵa kuwasindikiza wofooka ndi kuti asataye thandizo oponya voti.

Mukhoza kuona nokha yaitali bwanji, kodi kuthandiza USSR northerners, ngati akadadziwa za kusowa weniweni thandizo kwa "chikominisi kum'mwera", komanso alowererepo mwachindunji of America. Mfundo izo zikhoza kuchitika mu njira yomweyo, koma m'malo mwake: Li Syn Man zikanatheka CIA "kuzichotsa", ndi mulidziwe adzatumiza alangizi ake ndi asilikali, kusiya sakanachitira mwina kuthandizapo Union ... Koma mbiri salola ndi maganizo subjunctive. Kodi chinachitika, chinachitika.

Choncho, mmene anafika nkhondo Korea (1950-1953)? Pali zifukwa losavuta: pali awiri a Korea, North ndi South. Aliyense kulamulidwa ndi munthu amene amaona kuti ndi udindo wake kuti reunification la dzikolo. Aliyense - awo "zida": Soviet Union ndi United States, zimene zifukwa zilizonse, sindikufuna kusokoneza. China adzakhala achimwemwe kulowerera kukuza Mabuku awo, koma mphamvu mpaka pano, ndipo asilikali alibe yachibadwa nkhondowo zinachitikira. Kuti ndicho nkhondo Korea ... Olamulira a Korea adzakhala kuyesetsa kuti apeze thandizo. Iwo azilandire izo, ndi chifukwa kuti nkhondo ayamba. Zonse zofuna zawo.

Mmene onse anayamba?

Imene chaka chinachitika nkhondo Korea? June 25, 1950 Juche asilikali anawoloka malire ndipo nthawi yomweyo anapita mu kuchitapo. Kukana kotheratu ndi ofooka chitaganya Army, iwo sadzachitanso anaona. Mkati Seoul analandidwa masiku atatu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, pamene Northerners kuyenda m'misewu, pa wailesi zazikulu South "commies" akuthamanga asilikali anasamukira ku Pyongyang.

Pambuyo pa adani a likulu la northerners anayamba adikire lonjezano la Pak kugalukira. Ndi momwemo basi sanali, koma chifukwa kunali kofunika kulimbana ndi mtima wonse, ndi asilikali UN, Achimereka ndi anzawo. Dzanja msanga linalowa nawo m'Pangano chikalata UN "Pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo ndi athamangitsidwe wa wankhanza ndi" mkulu kuika General D. asilikaliyu. Woimirira wa USSR nthawi kuti UN boycotted msonkhano chifukwa cha kukhalapo kumeneko ya Taiwan nthumwi, choncho udaikidwa lamanja: veto, palibe aliyense angathe kukakamiza. Umu ndi mmene nkhondo mkati yapachiweniweni n'kukhala mkangano wa mayiko (kuti azikomana kawiri-kawiri lero).

Koma Puck, amene zinachitika chisokonezo ichi ndi, pambuyo zinalephereka "kugalukira" Iye ndi kagulu kamene wake anataya chikoka zonse, ndiye chabe inathetsedwa. Yokhala, chiganizo anaitana kuphedwa kwa "akazitape kwa United States," koma m'malo mwake iye basi ndale Kim Il Sung ndi utsogoleri Soviet, plunging iwo mu nkhondo zosafunika. Korean nkhondo, tsiku lomwe tsopano amalitcha padziko lonse lapansi - koma chikumbutso wina kuti kulowelera mu zochitika mkati mwa mayiko odzilamulira liri losayenera, makamaka ngati kuthamangitsa zofuna za lachitatu maphwando.

Kupambana ndi zolephera

Mumadziwika chitetezo Pusan wozungulira: America ndi Southerners anali kuthawa pansi pa nkhonya ya Pyongyang ndi kulimbikitsidwa malire bwino ndithu. Maphunziro northerners anali wokongola, Achimereka, amene amakumbukira bwino kuthekera T-34, amene anali ndi zida sanali ofunitsitsa kulimbana nawo posachedwapa kusiya malo.

Koma General Walker ntchito miyeso lolimba (anathamanga ndi kunkhondo, kusonyeza nkhondowo ntchito "bazookas") anatha athetse vutoli, ndipo northerners chabe sanali okonzeka nkhondo yaitali. Aulemerero kutsogolo mzere kudya zinthu zonse akasinja itatha, mwa kundipatsako kwa asilikali anayamba ndi mavuto adzaoneni. Komanso, tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa oyendetsa American: iwo anali makina abwino, moti funso wa ulamuliro wamlenga lenga sanakhazikike.

Pomaliza, si lapadera kwambiri, koma ndithu pulani ozindikira Gen. Douglas asilikaliyu anali kukhala dongosolo ankafika pa Inchon. Izi ndi kumadzulo nsonga ya ku Korea Peninsula. Mfundo lingaliro anali wamatama kwambiri, koma asilikaliyu chifukwa wachikoka wake anaumirira akukwaniritsa cholinga chake. N'chimodzimodzinso "Kulingalira" kuti nthawi zina ntchito.

Pa September 15, Achimereka anatha kumtunda ndipo pambuyo kumenyana aukali anatha kumvanso Seoul masabata awiri. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha siteji yachiwiri ya nkhondo. Pofika kumayambiriro October, northerners sanasiyiretu m'dera la southerners lapansi. Iwo anaganiza kuti musaphonye mwayi: kwa October 15, iwo kale katswiri gawo mdani theka, zomwe chabe wotopa asilikali.

The Chinese kuti amagwira

Koma ndiye Nditatsegula chipiliro cha China: America ndi awo "Zipatalazo" anawoloka kufanana 38, ndipo anali kuopseza mwachindunji ulamuliro Chinese. Kupereka mwachindunji mwayi kwa malire ake US? Izi zinali sangaganize. Chinese "mayunitsi yaing'ono" General Cholembera Dehuaya anapita kunkhondo.

Iwo kudzudzula zokhuza kuthekera chotenga mbali, koma asilikaliyu chiyani samva kwa Zionetsero cholemba. Ndi nthawi poyera ananyalanyaza malangizo a kasamalidwe, monga fancied yekha ngati "mkulu wa." Mwachitsanzo, Taiwan anakakamizika kutenga motsatira protocol wa misonkhano ya atsogoleri a boma. Kenako mobwerezabwereza ananena kuti kupanga "kukaphedwa chachikulu," Chinese, ngati 'ankalimba kuthandizapo. " Chotero mwano China sitingakhale kukoka. Kotero pamene panali kusamvana Korea ndi Chinese?

October 19, 1950 "Muzikonza Kulumikiza" anapita Korea. Popeza asilikaliyu sankaganiza chirichonse chonga ichi, October 25, ukapolo kwathunthu m'dera la northerners ndi kukana molimba asilikali UN ndi America. Choncho anayamba gawo lachitatu la maudani. Pa mbali zina za kutsogolo kwa asilikali a United Nations chabe adathawa, kwinakwake pamaso mapeto kumbuyo malo awo, kwawo bwinobwino. January 4, 1951 analinso wotanganidwa Seoul. Korean mkangano wa 1950-1953 anapitiriza kuti apeze patsogolo.

Kupambana ndi zolephera

Pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi womwewo nagonjetsa kamodzinso ndayima kaye. Ndi nthawi General Walker anaphedwa, iye m'malo Ridgway. Iye anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya "chopukusira": America anayamba kukhala pa misanje kuwalamulira ndi chabe anadikira mpaka Chinese kutenga malo ena. Pamene izo zinachitika, mu maphunzirowa analola MLRS ndi ndege, moto wotanganidwa northerners malo.

chiwerengero A bwino lalikulu analola America kuyamba potsimikizira-adzaukira ndi nthawi yachiwiri kumvanso Seoul. 11 April D. asilikaliyu kunachotsedwa monga mkulu chifukwa cha akamakonda mabomba a nyukiliya. Izo zinali m'malo mwa Ridgway tatchulawa. Komabe, nthawi imene "lama fuyusi" zinatha ndipo asilikali a United Nations: iwo sanali kuchita kubwereza kwa ulendo pa Pyongyang, ndi northerners kale kukhazikitsa mwa kundipatsako kwa manja ndi okhazikika mzere kutsogolo. Nkhondo anapeza khalidwe Pamalo. Koma Korea nkhondo ya 1950-1953. Ndinapitirira.

Akamaliza nkhondo

Zinali zoonekeratu kuti palibe njira ina kuthetsa mkangano, kuwonjezera pa pangano mtendere, pali chabe ayi. Pa June 23, USSR anaitana kwa asiye-moto pa msonkhano UN. November 27, 1951 walola kukhazikitsa mzere wa demarcation ndi kuwombola akaidi, koma ndiye kachiwiri, anadumphirapo Li Syn Man, amene kwambiri kulimbikitsa kupitiriza nkhondo.

Iye wagwiritsa ntchito mikangano akuwuka pankhani ya kuwombola akaidi. Izo zimasiyanasiyana mogwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti "zonse mu zonse" Mu zinthu zachilendo. Koma apa ndi kuvutika: chakuti magulu onse a nkhondo (North, South, ndi China) ankagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri akulembedwa yokakamiza, ndipo asilikali safuna nkhondo. Pa hafu osachepera akaidi onse anakana chabe kuti abwerere ku "malo okhala".

Mwana wa Munthu pafupifupi anang'amba ndondomeko kukambirana, chabe kulamula amasulidwe "refuseniks" onse. Nthawi zambiri, ndi nthawi iye anali watopa ndi America kuti CIA anali atayamba akukonzekera ntchito Jaji ake ku mphamvu. Ambiri, nkhondo Korea (1950-1953), mwachidule kulankhula, ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha mmene boma sabotaging nkhani mtendere zofuna zake.

July 27, 1953 oimira DPRK ndi, AKND ndi UN asilikali (anthu a Korea South kusaina chikalata anakana), zinasaina ceasefire pangano, chimene mzere demarcation pakati pa North ndi South Korea chinali za kufanana 38, ndipo mbali zonse padziko izo Iwo anapanga wozungulira m'lifupi 4 Km. Ndicho chifukwa panali kusamvana Korea (1950-1953), mwachidule zomwe mukuona pa tsamba la pepala ili.

The Chifukwa cha nkhondo - oposa 80% ya okwana nyumba katundu ku Korea zikadzawonongedwa, inachotsa ntchito zoposa 70% kupanga zonse. Za imfa weniweni udakali bwanji, chifukwa aliyense wa zipani kwambiri overestimates chiwerengero cha adani akufa ndi kuchepetsa zomvetsa awo. Ngakhale izi, zikuonekeratu kuti kulimbana mu Korea - mmodzi wa nkhondo yamagazi kwambiri mu mbiriyakale posachedwapa. maphwando onse otsutsa m'Zolemba kuti sayenera mobwerezabwereza.