Mauthausen kundende ina ku Austria zithunzi. Akaidi ya Mauthausen yozunzirako

Mauthausen anali mmodzi wa koipa m'misasa imfa. Inali pa malire a Austria ndi inali yaikulu m'dziko. Pa kuli Mauthausen mmenemo kupha akaidi oposa zikwi zana. akaidi onse anali mu zinthu wodyerana, azamuzunze, chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, ndi mitundu yonse ya nkhanza.

Chirengedwe cha mukampu ndi chotsutsana anthu. Tsopano pali achikumbutso angapo pokumbukira akuvutika chifukwa cha Nazi.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

The zozunzirako woyamba anawaika pa dera la ulamuliro wa Hitler akadali m'chaka atatu. Poyamba, pali anaiika anatsutsana Nazi boma. Komabe, pambuyo pake anakhala m'ndende kusintha. Zaluso nawo Theodor Eicke, mlengi wa SS asilikali "Totenkopf". Chaka cha makumi atatu ndi chitatu, chiwerengero cha akaidi wakhala kwambiri kuwonjezeka. Pambuyo "usiku wa kalirole wosweka" Ayuda onse m'gawo la ulamuliro wa Hitler anazunzidwa. Ambiri anagwira anabweretsedwa ku ndende. Pambuyo pa Anschluss akaidi zinali pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri. Kuwonjezera Ayuda, ndiponso kutsutsa lotseguka ku ndende iwo anatumizidwa ndi anthu amaganiziridwa Kaisara.

kutambasuka

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa akaidi wa SS zofunika msasa latsopano. Iwo anamanga kudutsa dziko mu mwachangu. Mauthausen yozunzirako anamanga okha akaidi amene anali naye ku Dachau. Iwo amamanga kwake ndi mipanda. anamanga malo sanali osankhidwa mwangozi. Nearby ndi sitima mphambano limene limathandiza yobereka akaidi sitima. m'dera analinso kulibe populata ndi lathyathyathya. Ena nthawi anali miyala ake. Choncho, m'dera anthu Austria sankadziwa ngakhale kuti pafupi ndi iwo ali kundende Mauthausen. wovomerezeka mndandanda wa akaidi mobisika, kotero kuti ngakhale boma la Austria anali ndi lingaliro yosokoneza za ndende.

ntchito yoyamba

Pamalo a nyumba ya Mauthausen anali miyala ya lubwe. Kwa zaka zambiri iyo inali anayamba ndi miyala m'deralo. Zolemba zonse, nyumba yatsopano ankatengedwa boma.

Koma chitukuko leni anagula bizinesi German. Kulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga zinachitikadi pa nambala nkhani zachinsinsi. Makamaka, German nthambi ya gulu lonse "Red Cross" ali allocated kwambiri kuchuluka kwa yozunzirako Mauthausen. Wapamwamba akaidi poyamba m'gulu yekha zigawenga. Koma msasa lokha, oyambitsa ntchito.

Komabe, ndi mapeto a dongosolo sate-chitatu anayamba kusintha kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kubwera kwa Ayuda, Majipise ndi akayidi andale quotas wowawa kupanga. Eicke anayamba kuchita kukonza m'misasa yonse. Poyambirira iye kwathunthu reorganized ya Dachau. Mwambo omangika, yagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzunza misa chilango. Inkatetezedwa ndi wapadera osankhika mayunitsi SS.

kusinthika

Mu makumi atatu naini chaka Mauthausen kumakhaladi msasa osiyana. Tsopano nthambi zake zonse pa Austria. Panali pafupifupi makumi asanu m'misasa wothandiza. Iwo ili m'dera la migodi, mafakitale mafakitale ndi makampani ena, chimene chinali chofunikira lolemera ntchito yamasewera. Komabe, waukulu zovuta chinali choti yokonza akaidi. Pafupifupi akaidi onse m'maiko ena ndi malo a maudani, koyamba kwa Mauthausen. Pambuyo kuukira Poland udasintha modabwitsa zikuchokera fuko la akaidi.

Kuchokera kummawa anayamba kufika ukapolo Polish asilikali ndi a kukana mobisa. Ngati nambala yaikulu Polish Ayuda. Mphamvu msasa unakula. Pakutha pa makumi chinayi ndiye anakakhala pansi kuti anthu 100 sauzande. Kukafika kutsogolo akunja anali atazunguliridwa ndi mpanda wamiyala aposa ndi waya waminga. Kudzera mipata wamng'ono anali nsanja. Kamodzi mpanda adzatchedwa "kusisima khoma." Tsiku lililonse akaidi anali kumangidwa pamodzi makoma atatu ndi kuchititsa kuitana mayina.

Pa malo awa, ndipo anachita zionetsero zachiwawa chilango. Chifukwa cha zipolowe za, matenda kapena ngakhale popanda akaidi aliyense zifukwa anawomberedwa pa malopo. Komanso, nthawi zambiri akaidi ena ovula ndi sprayed ndi madzi ozizira mu ozizira kenako analola kuti adzafa ndi ozizira.

Analakwira anthu

Izo zinali utatha wozunzikirapo ndi madzi ozizira anaphedwa mwankhanza ndi Nazi ku Mauthausen kundende ina , General Karbyshev. Malinga okha, pamodzi ndi akaidi ena anali mu ozizira ndi doused ndi madzi payipi. Ndipo amene napewa pa ndege, anamenyedwa ndi zibonga. Tsopano msasa kale ndi chipilala kuti General.

Mwachindunji panja gawo, m'chigwa, inali miyala. Anayesetsa pafupifupi onse akaidi. Long otsetsereka masitepe amatchedwa "Masitepe Imfa". Malinga ndi akapolo ake anamulerera miyala oposa. zikwama kulemedwa pogwiritsa oposa makumi asanu. A zambiri akaidi anamwalira mu nyamukani. Chifukwa cha zinthu zoopsa ndi ntchito yovuta anangotengeka pa masitepe. Wagwa zambiri anamaliza pa SS.

nkhanza Chilango

Akaidi ya Mauthausen yozunzirako kosatha kukumbukiridwa ndi chigwa lotseguka. Mkulu ofukula mpaka Nazi mwamwano amatchedwa "The Parachutists Wall". Apa ife mwazisiya pansi akaidi. Iwo mwina inagwera pansi, kapena kugwa ruts a madzi, kumira. Bwinobwino ndi anthu thanthwe kuponya amene sizikanatha kupirira ntchito hellish. Chiwerengero cha anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi "mpanda" silidziŵika. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale anakhazikitsa kokha mu 1942, ndiye anapha Ayuda mazana angapo, anabweretsa kuchokera Holland.

Koma malo oyipa kwambiri mumsasa anali chiwerengero twente-chipika. Choyamba, iye sanali osiyana ndi nyumba zina. Panali Soviet nzika umene kuyambira kum'mawa Front anabweretsa Mauthausen. List akaidi a nkhondo anatumizidwa ku Berlin. Ngati panali chidwi kufufuza iwowo iwo anagwidwa. zina anakhalabe mu msasa.

Mu makumi anayi ndi m'chipindacho makumi awiri chipinda kanazunguliridwa ndi linga. Pomwepo inali nyumba imene ankawotcheramo mitembo. The anawamasulira chipika zingakhale akaidi oopsa. Kwambiri m'mbuyomu nawo athawe ku mkaidi wamba a m'misasa nkhondo. "Imfa Baraki" ntchito ngati malo tempering omenyana latsopano mayunitsi "Totenkopf". Analoledwa nthawi iliyonse tsiku kuthamanga kwambiri pa gawo la wagawo ndi angati akufuna kupha akapolo. Kenako, madongosolo awa akhala anayambitsa mu msasa wonse.

kukonzekera kuthawa

zinthu woipa mtima, khama, kutupikana, wosatha wozunzikirapo, kupereka ndipo anakhumudwa chionetsero munasiya chifuniro cha akaidi onse. Chinthu chitetezo kwa msasa anali kumana akaidi a chiyembekezo. Ndipo iwo anapambana. Anthu kumvetsa kuti njira yopulumukira ndipo nthawi iliyonse akhoza kuphedwa. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa mantha ndi kukhumudwa kulimba mtima. akaidi Soviet anayambitsa gulu kuthawa msasa.

Nambala twente-chipika munali akaidi amene achita mphukira ndi Germany akhala anazindikira oopsa. kanyumba awo anali m'ndende mwa ndende. akaidi anapatsidwa yekha kotala ya zakudya osauka, zomwe zinali zoti akazipereke ena. "Chakudya" Kawirikawiri zinyalala ndi makombo owonongedwa. Pankhaniyi, akuponyera yake pansi, ndi kokha pamene amaundana, analola kumeneko. Kugonana kanyumba sprayed ndi madzi ozizira usiku, anagona akaidi mu madzi oundana.

Kuzemba Mauthausen yozunzirako

Sanathenso kulekerera akapitawo Soviet anaganiza kuthawa. Atsogoleri a kupanduka anakhala oyendetsa anangofika kumene. Tikukambirana kuthawa mu yochepa asanagone. The Germany analola akaidi thamanga bwalo, kuti mwanjira kufunda. Anaganiza kuthamanga posachedwapa. Amene lalandidwa atangomwalira anauzidwa kuti ogwirizana kale woyenera nawo.

Kumasulidwa kwa chiyembekezo anali zokhumudwitsa. Asananyamuke SS anawomberedwa akaidi midadada wapadera.

Anaganiza mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo alipo kuukira alonda, ndiyeno mu nkhalango. m'chipindacho Twentieth zoyenera pa khoma. Atatu-mita makoma korona waya waminga pa izo conected mantha. anthu mazana anai ndi naintini amakonda kuopa chiyembekezo. Za makumi asanu ndi akaidi amene nze ndiponso kutopa sakanakhoza kusuntha, anawapatsa miinjiro yawo, ndipo anati tiwonana. Kuwonjezera akaidi Soviet a nkhondo chiwembu mu Mauthausen yozunzirako inatheka ndi Polish ndi akaidi Chisebiya.

Liberty kapena Imfa

Usiku, wachiwiri February achiwawa akuwotcha ukali washbasins. Zidutswa za zipolopolo anapanga mfuti. Komanso, mu maphunzirowa anali zidutswa za njerwa, malasha, ndi onse amene anali. Ine anakwanitsa kufika zozimitsira moto awiri. Ndi mfuu titangomva "Hurray!" Akaidi anathamangira nkhondo yomaliza. N'zosadabwitsa bwino kugwira ntchito ndi Red Army pomwepo anathyola projectors zingapo ndipo anaononga alonda positi. Mothandizidwa ndi zozimitsira moto kupondereza mfuti chisa. Yolanda izo, opandukawo anawononga kuteteza nsanja zina ziwiri.

Kugonjetsa khoma ndipo waya pansi nkhawa, akaidi anapita mochenjera. Iwo mabulangete yonyowa ndi zidutswa za zovala, kenako kuwaponya mpanda, zomwe zinachititsa kuti dera yochepa. Pambuyo pake, anthu oposa mazana atatu ndi kupulumuka awo. Iwo anathawira ku nkhalango ina yapafupi. gulu limodzi anaukira pachimake mawerengedwe. Pambuyo melee, iwo anagwira mfuti angapo, koma anapezeka okha atazungulira SS amuna unathandizapo.

Zimene am'deralo

Mauthausen kundende ina ku Austria, yomwe ili pakati pa minda ndi m'midzi. Choncho, nthawi yomweyo pambuyo kupulumuka wa SS analengeza chiyambi cha ntchito yapadera mumpanda othawa kwawo. Kuti izi ankamenya mayunitsi m'dera la Volkssturm, Hitler Youth and mayunitsi zonse. Komanso, anthu wamba inauzidwa. Oposa zana anthu anaphedwa ngakhale makoma a Mauthausen. Ndipo akaidi otsala mu chipika anawomberedwa pa malopo. Nkhalango ndi kubzala Chisa padziko koloko. Tsiku lililonse kudutsa obisalira watsopano. Pankhaniyi, anthu m'dzikoli anathandiza mwachangu analanda. Nthawi zambiri apezeke ndi mwankhanza. Iwo anaphedwa ndi timitengo, mipeni ndi njira zina improvised, ndi ziwalo thupi kuika poyera.

Braveheart

Komabe, ena anthu adakali akhaphedza mbumba Soviet, mosasamala kanthu za chiopsezo cha imfa. Mmodzi wa othawa kwawo, nachibisa mu nyumba ya alimi Austria. Zochitika izi - msungwana 14 wazaka pa nthawi, anakumbukira kuti am'ndende anagogoda khomo pakati pa tsiku. Mayi tiyeni iwo, ngakhale zotsatira zake zoopsa.

Akafunsidwa chifukwa anaganiza kugogoda m'nyumba ya, asilikali Soviet anayankha kuti sanaone zenera chithunzi cha Hitler.

kumasulidwa

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa May, asilikali US anali kale akuyandikira Linz. Wehrmacht anabwerera mopupuluma. Atamva adani anayandikira, SS, nayenso, anaganiza kuponya mothamanga. Pafupifupi onse adamsiya msasa koma woyamba wa May. Akaidi ena anali kupita kuti atuluke "imfa ulendo." Kuti apanga makilomita ambiri wapansi. Khalani limasonyeza kuti ambiri mwa akaidi anamwalira chifukwa cha kutopa. Chachisanu wa May Achimereka anapita kumsasa. Akaidi ponyozera otsala SS amuna ndi adawapha. Mulole chiwiri oyenda Division la US asilikali anamasulidwa kundende Mauthausen. Photo kwa msasa ambiri padziko lonse. Ambiri mwa asilikali, amene anadabwa kwambiri ndi zimene anaona, sanasonyeze chifundo akaidi a ku Germany. Pa gawo la zovuta chikumbutso unakhazikitsidwa msasa.

Mauthausen, ndende msasa: mndandanda wa akaidi

Tsopano dera la msasa kale imfa ndi chikumbutso zovuta. Chaka chilichonse kukaona mwa zikwi alendo. Pali zipilala m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana. Malo oyipa kwambiri sichinasinthe, ngati chenjezo kwa anthu ena m'tsogolo. Mndandanda wa Mauthausen, mukhoza kufunsa Archive m'deralo. Pali lili onse akaidi mayina kuti afabeti. ana ambiri mwa akaidiwo Russian adakhoza kuphunzira za tsogolo la makolo awo kudzera yachokera izi.

Komabe, vuto lagona pa choona kuti Germany sikuti molondola lomasuliridwa mayina Russian. Memory akaidi ndi perpetuated komanso midzi yapafupi.

Mu 1995 filimu kanatuluka Austria, kuwauza za chiwembu wathuwu.