Pamaso ife tikupeza kumene moyo Tats, ndi zofunika kudziwa iwo ali. Kuyambira pachiyambi, m'pofunika mwachindunji kuti mawu akuti "Tats" poyamba ankaimira ethnonym. Ndiko kuti, si dzina la anthu, fuko, mafuko. M'malo mwake, ndi lingaliro chikhalidwe.
chikhalidwe akuti
Tatami Turkey anapempha mafuko amangokhala, mawu kutanthauza moyo anthu ndi udindo pa anthu. Osati anakakhala mafuko ndi anawagonjetsa. Choncho, dzina zinali za onyoza. Kenako, Turkey, mawu akuti "tat" kutanthauza munthu mu utumiki. Choncho, kunena kuti pali Tats dziko, m'pofunika ndi malire a. Mu nthawi m'madera osiyana, mawu ali makhalidwe osiyana. Choncho, kumayambiriro Ages Middle anthu onse a ku Central Asia ndi ku Middle East, nati m'chinenero aku Iran otchedwa tatami. Mu Iran, mawu amatanthauzabe amangokhala mafuko aku Iran olankhula.
Tsopano kwambiri dziko
Patapita nthawi, ndipo anthu anayamba kukhala mtundu. Masiku ano mawu akuti "dziko Tats" amapezeka paliponse. Nthawi zina, ndi proviso kuti palibe tanthauzo bwino za mtundu. Ndi lingaliro ili, kapena wosalira, kapena mwadala molakwika. Lang'anani, ndi mtundu izi kapena gulu zinenero, Aperisi wa Transcaucasia kapena fuko Iran, ndi Choonekera kuchokera kwa mutu, kuti kumene Tats, ndi ofunda. Zimagwiritsa kum'mwera backgammon. Malinga dera mukukhala, pali zambiri kudziletsa maina Tats - Parsi ndi lohidzhihon, dagly ndi akuba. Mtundu uliwonse ali ndi chidwi chake mbiri. The anthu okalamba, mbiri wolemera. Kutchula koyamba za tatah anati malinga ndi zimene olemba mbiri ena, ndi nthawi ya ku Khazar Khanate, ndiko kuti, kwa VII-X zaka zambirimbiri. Tata zodabwitsa osiyanasiyana. Mu kapangidwe kake, iwo ali onse Akristu (makamaka monofistov), Ayuda ndi Asilamu (Sunni ndi Shia).
Palibe kugwirizana
A gulu osiyana apa zikuphatikizapo Tats - Mountain Ayuda. Ngakhale olemba mbiri ena mokhutiritsa kutsimikizira kuti mwamtheradi simungathe kuphatikiza mfundo izi ananena anthu osiyana kwambiri. Mountain Ayuda, kapena givry - subethnos Ayuda (dzina akutha gulu la anthu amene amakhala chogwiritsira ndipo ndi osiyana ndi mitundu gulu mbali yawo koma khalidwe chifukwa mbiri ya maphunziro). Tata - anthu ambiri aku Iran fuko kapena Aperisiya. A Phiri Ayuda - anthu, kusiya mizu mu Yudeya. Pa gawo la Russia m'zaka za m'ma XX Phiri Ayudawo chifukwa choopa chizunzo pa malo mitundu, analemba mphasa. Mwina chifukwa kukhala pa madera ena ndi chinenero - ndi Tats ndi Mountain Ayuda amalankhula chilankhulo Tat mpaka kufika kwa Republic of Azerbaijan. Kunena zoona, pali wakhala kuponderezana tacit wa Ayuda Soviet Russia. Tsopano, patapita zaka, kwa anthu a Daghestan Tats, Mountain Ayuda - mfundo zofanana, mawu ali ofanana.
Ayuda, pamene kuli kofunikira kuti aliyah
Komabe, pamene, pambuyo kukonzanso, Ayuda ambiri anakoka kwawo mbiri Tata Zitsulo kutsimikizira kuti iwo ali Phiri Ayuda. Motero linakhala akodwa kwambiri zosokoneza, ndi pa chilichonse palibe vutoli. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX izo adapempha kuti Tats ali mbadwa za Iranians, anasamukira ku Nyanja Caspian akadali pansi Shapur II (309-381), Shahinshah Persia. Ndipo Ayuda amene anabwera kuno ku Iran mu V m'ma AD, kukumbatirana chinenero Tat, koma anakhalabe okhulupirika pa chipembedzo chawo. Malinga ndi zina, Aperisi anaonekera Transcaucasia mu zaka 558-330 BC pamene Achaemenid mafumu, lirikulimbana mafumu a Perisiya wakale, bwinobwino anachita nkhondo zolusa, linalanda dera mu mawonekedwe a satrapies, kapena zigawo asilikali utsogoleri. mwanjira ina, koma Tats - mtundu, kusiya inayambira Perisiya wakale.
Osati fuko lalikulu kwambiri mu dziko
Tsopano chiwerengero cha anthu awa ndi anthu 350 zikwi kuzungulira dziko, pali m'madera pali Tats, ndipo mukhoza, ngakhale sitili pa vutoli, kupanga zambiri kapena sichidziwika bwino lingaliro la chimene iwo ali, chifukwa ndi kumene anakakhala. M'madera onse a dziko mungapeze oimira fuko lino, koma pali malo Tats moyo chogwiritsira. Ambiri ambiri oimira gulu mitundu ndi kukafika ku Azerbaijan. Kenako waukulu Tats amoyo - Russia, apa iwo ali anaikira mu kumpoto kwa Dagestan. Komanso, amakhala Georgia, Turkey, ndi ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti Tajiks ndi tatami mizu wamba. iwo amakhalanso m'dera la dziko lino.
Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha Tats akukhala Azerbaijan
Tiyeni tibwerere ku Azerbaijan, kumene moyo Tats mu ochuluka kuposa mayiko ena. Monga taonera, chifukwa cha mfundo anathamangitsa ndi mafumu a Sassanid mafumu (makamaka Shapur II), Tats pa dera la Azerbaijan amakono anachokera Iran ndi anakakhala Shirvan, dera m'mbiri a Caucasus, limene lili m'mbali kumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi chochokera ankadziwana ndi nkhuku kum'mwera kwa yake Derbent kumpoto. Anthu ambiri osamukira ankati Chiyuda. Koma Tats m'madera amenewa mosavuta anaphatikizana ndi anthu akuderalo. Mu XIII anali ikuchitika Islamization a dziko lino. Mu 30s Mu zaka zapitazo, pambuyo kumayambiriro chiphunzitso cha Chiazebajani Tats ambiri amadziona iwo.
Chikondi cha chinenero, yotengekatengeka kudzera m'ma
Ngakhale kuloŵerera, kulandira chinenero zina, Islamization, kuopa kuzunzidwa pa malo mitundu, Tats moyo mu Azerbaijan ndipo tsopano, mu bwalo yopapatiza kulankhula "Tati". Komanso, Azerbaijan anatengera mfundo dziko kusunga chinenero. Lofalitsidwa primers ndi mabuku. Absheron, Khizi, Guba ndi Divichi - awa ndi malo kumene amakhala Tats, amene anabwera anthu ambiri otchuka. Mwachitsanzo, dziko wotchuka Wolemba Gara Garayev ananena kuti amaona kwawo Absheron, osati Azerbaijan. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti dziko lino wakhala waung'ono koma mwachilungamo chatsekedwa dera Tats-Ayuda, amene makolo, malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zawo, anali mmodzi wa mafuko zotayika za anthu a Israel nadzagwidwa ndende ndi Mfumu Nebukadinezara pamaso yathu ino. Tats chiwerengero cha deta zimasiyana kwambiri. Ndizachidziwikire kuti chiwerengero chenicheni sipakhala, koma chiwerengero chenicheni cha Tats mu dziko lino - onse Asilamu ndi Ayuda - apamwamba kwambiri ananena.
Dagestan - cholinga cha Tats ku Russia
Tata ku Russia amakhala Dagestan, dera lomwe lili ndi mabwalo a ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. wochepa zimapezekanso ku mayiko ena a Caucasus. Total mu Russia amene pali anthu 19,4 zikwi. Ndipo mu Russia yomangika mtsutso mozungulira dziko lino. Ena amanena kuti onse amalankhula chinenero Tat zokhudza nthambi aku Iran zinenero m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, kumene kuli adverb Chatsopano Persian, ayenera kuonedwa monga gulu limodzi mitundu, ndi zina nazo sakugwirizana. Pali lomwe m'zaka VI, pambuyo yimitsira za kayendedwe ku Iran mazdakitskogo 15,000 atsamunda anatumizidwa kumanga Derbent malinga ndi mpanda. midzi Zisanu anthu masiku awa tatami - Dzhalgan, Mitagi ndi Kemah, Zidyan ndi Bilgadi, Gimeydi ndi ili kum'mwera kwa Rukel.
Udindo wa anthu original
Mu nthawi yathu, Daghestan Tats analandira udindo boma monga anthu wapadera amene amalankhula chinenero chimodzi. Komabe, chinenero ichi, a m'banja m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, pali zinenero zina zambiri - kum'mwera ndi kumpoto, yemwe ali mmodzi wa zinenero mabuku a dziko. Tata - mtundu (okhazikika bwino gulu la anthu) olimbikira, amangokhala, makamaka chinkhoswe mu ulimi. Ya chiwerengero cha Dagestan ndi olimapo amalimidwa kwambiri a iwo. oimira mitundu anayesetsa mwakhama kufika otsetsereka, kuwapatutsa mu nthaka yachonde. Komanso, kumene amakhala ndi Tats, iwo amakhala bwino kwambiri ngati vinyo alimi, handlers mwaluso khungu ndi ambuye kwambiri kwa kupanga zipangizo zamkuwa. Kwa nthawi yaitali, moyo wawo anali mkulu wa mabishopu kapena polupatriarhalnym. Udindo waukulu nyimbo wakale, amene onse anamvera. Iwo anali mtundu wa zovala ndi osungidwa ndi tsiku wolemera zakudya. Chidwi Tat folklore chikukhudza nkhani ndi nkhani fanizo tidzapulumutsidwe ofalitsa dziko. Mu banja lalikulu la anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana a anthu a Dagestan , gulu mitundu imatenga malo ake oyenera, ndi kutsutsana za amene ali tat weniweni, adzapitiriza kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri.
Ndipo pamene akadali moyo Tats
Ingushetia ndi Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria ndi Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia ndi Chechnya - ichi ndi dziko, kumene amakhala Tats mu Russia. Komabe, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kwambiri zosaposa 2-3 zikwi. Izi si kunja kwa Palestina, zomwe zikusonyeza khola cohesive mitundu gulu, gawo la anthu kunja kwa dziko, ndi zamoyo monga mwa miyambo ndi dziko la kwawo. Ndi basi oimira mayiko ena mu Caucasus si zachilendo. Wina mayiko kum'mwera, kumene Tats - Georgia. Azerbaijan, Dagestan ndi Iran - malo amene Shiite Tats, ndi Georgia ndi Armenia - mayiko wakale wa dziko Union, kumene kuli makamaka Tats Akhristu. Koma ambiri a iwo amadziona Armenia ndi ku Georgia, ndipo amadabwa chifukwa ambiri a iwo amalankhula chinenero Chiazebajani.
Ngati Akristu - kuti monofisty
Inde, tifufuza mapangidwe mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi zovuta, ngakhale kovuta, ngati iwo ali kangapo anasintha chipembedzo ndi malo okhala. Zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kwa mtundu ngati Tats. Mbiri yawo ndi yovuta kwambiri. Si onse, makamaka sanali akatswiri kumvetsetsa mmene kubwera ku Iran, Myuda, Chisilamu kulankhula chinenero cha kuderalo pokhalabe chikhalidwe chawo ndi kuphunzira ndi anthu ameneŵa, ndipo kenako kusuntha kwa anthu oyandikana nawo akulankhula pa nthawi yomweyo m'chinenero Chiazebajani. M'pofunika mwachindunji kuti Tats Mkhristu munkakhala monofistami. Ndipo ichi si ngakhale chiphunzitso wachikhristu ndi chiphunzitso cha Archimandrite Eutyches wa Constantinople. Iwo anakana monga mpatuko, Orthodox, Catholic ndi mipingo yambiri ya Chiprotestanti. Mwina ndicho chifukwa, Tats Armenia ndi Georgia musati kusiyanitsa pakati pa iwo ndi anthu ambiri. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti mfundo za "Tats phiri" kulibe konse. Pali midzi mu gawo lamapiri la Dagestan, dera limene akukhala, fuko lino, mwachitsanzo Rukel - Mudzi ili m'mbali mwa phiri lotchedwa Dzhalgan. M'nkhani ina zikunenedwa kuti oyera m'midzi Tat ku Dagestan kumanzere. Anthu okhala m'midzi phiri pansi mu zigwa, ndi ambiri ochokera dziko.