Chiphunzitsochi Special wa Relativity. maziko

Chiyambi cha chitukuko wapadera chiphunzitso cha relativity walandira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, akuti mu 1905. maziko ake akhala ankaona ntchito Eynshteyna Alberta, "Pa Electrodynamics wa Kupita Matupi". wasayansi anaukitsa mafunso angapo amene analibe mayankho pa nthawi imeneyo ndi ntchito seminal. Mwachitsanzo, anatiuza kuti chiphunzitso Maxwell ndi woona kotheratu. Chifukwa cha malamulo a mogwirizana electrodynamics pakati pa wochititsa ndi maginito zimatengera nzeru m'gulu lawo wachibale. Koma ndiye pali kutsutsana ndi malingaliro anakhazikitsa mfundo yakuti milandu iwiri n'kusokoneza mzake ayenera mosamalitsa kulekanitsidwa. Atafufuza izi, izo ankati aliyense ntchito dongosolo lomwe zimadalira malamulo a zimango, pamlingo, ndi zina zambiri, zimadalira malamulo kuwala ndi electrodynamic. zimenezo Einstein amatchedwa "mfundo relativity".

Zinthu zazikulu za chiphunzitso chapadera cha relativity anali maganizo chosintha kuti wafunsira wozungulira zatsopano za chitukuko cha sayansi thupi. Scientist kwathunthu anakankhira mfundo zachikhalidwe cha nthawi mtheradi ndi malo komanso relativity Galileya. Kenako anatenga sitepe kuvomereza pa mlingo wa chiphunzitso empirically kutsimikiziridwa ndi hedzi amalire kuwala kumayendera. Iye anaika maziko a maphunziro a ufulu wa liwiro ndi malangizo a kayendedwe ka kuwala gwero.

Pakali pano, chiphunzitso chapadera cha relativity amapereka mwayi kwambiri kufulumizitsa ndondomeko kuphunzira chilengedwe. Albertom Eynshteynom anayamba chiphunzitso kuthetsa zambiri zotsutsana amene anatuluka mu oyambirira m'ma sayansi.

Cholinga chachikulu anathamangitsa ndi chiphunzitso chapadera cha relativity - ndi khazikitsa mapulogalamu ubale pakati pa malo ndi nthawi. Zimenezi zimatithandiza kwambiri kumvetsetsa dongosolo lonse makamaka ndi ambiri. The postulates chiphunzitso chapadera relativity zimatithandiza kumvetsa zochitika zambiri: kuchepetsa nthawi ndi kutalika pamene kusuntha kwa thupi kuwonjezeka pa mlingo wa kuwonjezeka (misa chilema), kupanda mgwirizano pakati pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zikuchitika m'kamphindi (ngati iwo ali mu mfundo chosiyana kwa danga nthawi popitilira). Zonsezi, iye anafotokoza kuti liwiro pazipita wa kafalitsidwe cha chizindikiro chilichonse m'chilengedwe chonse si upambana liwiro kayendedwe ka kuwala kuyamwa.

relativity Special alinga kuti unyinji wa fotoni ndi ndi mu mkhalidwe lopuma ziro, kutanthauza kuti aliyense kunja amatsata sangakhoze konse andipeze ndi fotoni mu FTL ndi danga kuti apitiriza kulimbikitsa ndi izo. Choncho, ndi mathamangidwe kuwala ndi phindu mtheradi osati amenable kwa kuthekera kwa kugunda ake.

Albert Einstein anapereka latsopano Mkhalidwe kulumpha mu chitukuko cha sayansi thupi mu dziko, ndi sikelo ya chilengedwe chonse.