Investment: ndi ndalama multiplier. The multiplier zotsatira za ndalama

Mowa ndi zofunika kwambiri chigawo chimodzi cha ndalama okwana anthu. Mu lingaliro ili, komanso mtengo wa anthu amene ntchito kugula katundu mowa komaliza. Mlingo wa katundu wambiri kufooketsedwa ndi zifukwa zambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi ndalama. Msungidwe multiplier ndi koyefishienti lomwe limasonyeza kusintha mankhwala lalikulu ndi iwo.

Woyamba multiplier chilinganizo

Keynes womangidwa malongosoledwe a propensity mmphepete kudya ndi chiphunzitso multiplier. Maganizo ake analengedwa ndi Professor Robert Kahn mu 1931. Iye anakhulupirira kuti ndalama (mwachitsanzo ntchito pagulu) ayamba kulenga "chachikulu" ntchito, komanso chifukwa mphamvu kugula wa antchito ndi makampani amene mukugwira nawo kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi. Iwo anapanga kufunika watsopano, kukhala gwero la "sekondale" ntchito.

Pankhaniyi, ndalama zatsopano Babulo adzakhala mbali yokhayo ya ndalama ogwira ntchito ndi makampani, ndi ndalama otsala adzaloŵetsedwamo kwa malipiro a mangawa kapena patulani. Malinga Kahn, ndi multiplier zimadalira kukula kwa ndalama ntchito pa sitepe iliyonse watsopano. Choncho, multiplier ndalama linakhazikitsidwa, chilinganizo: K = 1 / (1 - K). Mfundo imeneyi anali mwakuchita Keynes. multiplier ake zikusonyeza kudalira ndalama ya dziko za ndalama anakopeka - (C = Dy / Di). Ndi kumene kunachitika ndalama potsata ndi propensity kuchuluka kudya. Ngati tikambirana kuti Y- ndalama dziko, Ine - ndalama, mowa C, ndi - ndi propensity kudya, ndiye chilinganizo ndi: Dy = DC + Di; Dy = nkhwangwa Dy + Di; DC = Dy xa; Dy = Di (1 - a); Dy / Di = 1 / (1 - a) = K> 1 ngati 0

The multiplier zotsatira za ndalama

Kukula ndi kuchepetsa ndalama n'zofunika kwambiri ngati Kusintha chifukwa ndalama. Ndi chifukwa izi zikhoza kukhala anakumana ndi chitsanzo lapadera. Kuganiza poyamba ndalama (I0) 100 (bn ..), Pamene ntchito ya mowa kwake chilinganizo zotsatirazi: C = 20 × 0.6 + Y. The wamba boma aone kuti pali chiri motere: Y0 = 20 × 0 + 0,6Y + 100. Zimenezo Y0 = 300 (bln. pakani.).

Ngati kuchuluka kwa gawo koyamba 140 kukula (I1), anthu aone kuti pali zotsatirazi adzakhala Y1 = 0,6 X 20 + Y1 + 140. Choncho Y1 = 400 (bn. Pakani.). Ndizachidziwikire kuti kukula kwa biliyoni 40. Rubles. zachititsa kuti kuwonjezeka ndalama 100 biliyoni. opaka. Ndi chodabwitsa wotchedwa multiplier zotsatira za ndalama.

Ndalama: ndalama multiplier

Mmodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ya ndalama okwana ali ndi ndalama. Pansi kawirikawiri kuzindikira zopereka akuyamikira likulu weniweni wa kampani. Nthawi zambiri, awa zimaikizidwa yaitali. kukula kwa mtengo khoka iwo kumatengera zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu. The choyamba - kuyembekezera mlingo wa phindu ukonde, zimene ziyenera kuwapeza eni ndalama. Chinthu chachiwiri ndi mlingo chidwi.

Amalonda popanga katundu ndalama apeza ndalama zambiri pa nkhani ya kuwonjezeka koyamba Msungidwe. Mu kuphunzira zizindikiro kudziwa multiplier idzakhala yophweka.

Kuyembekezera mlingo wa phindu khoka

Phindu ndi cholinga kuti ntchito ya ndalama ndalama. Kuti, wazamalonda adzakhala kugula pokhapokha ngati kuyembekezeredwa kuti adzakhala opindulitsa. N'zotheka chitsanzo yeniyeni. Mwini wa msonkhano kupanga mipando akufuna kupanga ndalama yatsopano chopukusira. Ndipafupifupi 2000 rubles, ndi nthawi - 1 chaka. Kupanga msonkhano ndi zochuluka, motero ndalama. Izo zikhoza kapadera kuti khokalo ankayembekezera kubweranso ndi 2500, yemwe ndi ndalama multiplier ndi 2.5.

mlingo weniweni chidwi

Ndi ndalama zogwirizana ndalama wina chigawo. Izi ndi chiwongola dzanja, kuti ndi malipiro inu kulipira wazamalonda ngongole ndalama wofunikila kugula makina akupera. Kupatula amakhala opindulitsa ngati mlingo chidwi n'chozama kupitirira mlingo ankayembekezera phindu ukonde. Tikumbukenso kuti mbali yofunika ndi ankaimba osati mwa mlingo mwadzina ndi weniweni chidwi.

Kusintha ndalama national

Kuwonjezeka ndalama, chuma multiplier idzasintha ndalama national pa unit. Keynes inaŵerengeredwa kuti chigawo yogwira ndi 2.5 kuti US ndi chuma UK. Action disposable ndalama adzapitiriza mpaka nthawi monga wotopa zamakono ake luso, amene amagwirizana ndi izo. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi yaitali ndalama yopindulitsa kwambiri. Pamene 0

Kusintha mu phindu adzakhala anachititsa osati ndalama, kutanthauza ndalama. Keynes anasonyeza mmene kulenga ndalama kukwaniritsa mlingo chofunika kunyakhe. njirayi imagwiridwa ndi kuchulukitsa. Wasayansi adatenga zonse ndalama wazamalonda kwa ogulidwa zida za ndalama kupanga. M'pofunika kuwerengera Mwachangu yabwino likulu komanso kuwerengera phindu. Kapangidwe ka ndalama Pankhaniyi ali ndi phindu ndithu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti wazamalonda chiyembekeza kupindula likulu lake kwa nthawi yaitali.

chiwongola dzanja ndi amadza chifukwa cha ndalama

Keynes chiŵerengero cha phindu ndi malipiro wasankha mu mtima woyambawo. Mlengi akhoza mwaphindu ntchito ndalama madzi ngati mlingo wa chidwi ndi zosakwana phindu zomwe zimayembezereka kuchokera ndalama pa. Wasayansi Mzimuyo mlingo chidwi monga gulu amapangidwa kuti n'kuwononga liquidity. Mu maganizo ake, izo zimatengera pa ziyenera zotengera malingaliridwe a tikukumana ndi tsogolo zachuma. Pankhaniyi, ndalama adzakhala mosavuta, monga mwa kundipatsako kwa kuwonjezeka likulu mu madzi mawonekedwe.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, nkhani ya ndalama zingawonjezere mitengo ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka liquidity, monga kugula mphamvu adzakhala zochepa. Kufunika kwa ndalama ikhoza kukhala wopandamalire pa mtengo mokwanira otsika chidwi. Keynes anakana kuti kapangidwe ka ndalama zingasiyane mchikakamizo cha mlingo wa chidwi, amene sangathe kusintha zolinga ndalama za amalonda ambiri.

The sukulu Keynesian ndi kugwiritsa ndalama, chuma multiplier, ndi kutitengera malangizo othandiza. Pa mfundo imeneyi, iwo unalengedwa ndondomeko kuti analandira ndalama ku bajeti, mulinso gulu la ntchito yaikulu anthu, etc. Msungidwe multiplier amalola kukhala kufunika ogwira pamene zovuta mu chuma, komanso kukhala amadza zabwino mmene chuma chikuyendera ambiri.