Irrationalism - ndi nzeru wosadziwika

M'lingaliro wodziika, irrationalism - chiphunzitso nthanthi kuti kukuchepetsa kumawononga chilichonse kukana udindo wa m'maganizo monga waukulu Malingana ndi chigawo cognition. Imeneyi ikusonyeza azimuth ndi mizere mitundu ina ndiponso mitundu ya maluso anthu - kudzoza, m'maganizo, mtima achibadwidwe, yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale, kusinkhasinkha ndi zina ndi zina zotero.

Monga ulamuliro, irrationalism - chiphunzitso ichi n'zosatheka kuti amazindikira maziko a padziko lapansi sasamala, ndi chinachakenso. Kwenikweni pali zinthu zitatu. The choyamba - mawu a wapangodya mwayi Absolutized chikugwirabe anthu ndi subconsciousness (irrationalism wa Schopenhauer). The chachiwiri - kuzindikira za Mulungu monga transcendent sakuzidziwa zomwenso limene liposa nzeru ndi luso angakhale odziwika bwino kokha mu njira ya mgwirizano lachinsinsi. Njira yachitatu imene irrationalism - otchedwa "sakuzidziwa," lomwe, mfundo, ndi zolemba kufikako kumvetsa maganizo a anthu, koma ndi maziko a chikumbumtima ndipo angasonyeze m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zimenezi kuwerenganso ntchito za Kant, ndipo Frank Spencer.

Irrationalism - kuchepetsa ntchito ya chikumbumtima zomveka ndi nzeru. Pa mfundo zake poipa kwambiri chiri pafupi chakuti n'zosatheka kum'dziŵa Mlengi. Koma chakuti n'zosatheka kum'dziŵa Mlengi lonena za mfundo mtheradi wa dziko ayi. Poyambira chomwechi mafunde nzeru zaumunthu, ngati irrationality anatumikira kukayikira. Pyrrho, woyambitsa wa sukulu uyu wa ganizo akunena kuti zinthu zonse mofanana neissleduemymi, indeterminate ndi indiscernible. Motero, palibe maganizo kapena chiweruzo sangakhale kaya onyenga kapena woona. Sankakhulupirira (ndi potero otaya monga irrationalism nthanthi) zitithandiza pa ziphunzitso ndi akatswiri mfundo monga imadalira (chiphunzitso cha relativity ndi conditionality cha chikumbumtima ndipo cognition) ndi nihilism (kukana konsekonse anazindikira).

Mu Middle Ages zinali maziko a nzeru zonse irrationalism ndi zamulungu. Scholasticism ndi zongoganiza Mkhristu zochokera malingaliro a Johann Eckhart ndi Bernard Klerosskogo amakhulupirira kuti zabwino sangathe kudziwa Mulungu, koma n'zotheka kusinkhasinkha lachinsinsi. Kale kuyambira Kubadwa Kwatsopano, izo zikanakhala zotheka kunena kuti irrationality - ndi otsutsana ndi otsutsana anayambika Kuzindikira. Pamene lingaliro la zikhulupiriro zopanda nzeru akhoza qualitatively zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu akulu akulu:

1. Irrationalism monga anachita kwa panlogism ndi rationalism wa Hegel.
2. Existentialism monga kuphunzira irreducibility wa munthu nzeru chimodzi chokha.
3. mtima wotsutsana ndi luso anthu nzeru, zomwe kunayamba skeptizitsme wakale.

Pa achokera yemweyo nthawi ndi mphukira wa irrationalism, ndipo anadzakhala mwayekha - pamwamba existentialism, amene anayamba kuganiza kuti chofunika ndi abwino a munthu - si nzeru, koma ngati alipo, amene sakhoza umaonetseredwa, koma tinganene kuti ndi maganizo ndi zopanda nzeru mbali ya maganizo a anthu.