Cholinga chomwe za Plato ndi udindo wake chitukuko cha chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso

Plato anali wophunzira wa akale Greek tchire Socrates ndi nzeru wake, anatenga ochuluka a aphunzitsi. Last kuitana chake njira ya chidziwitso maevtikoy kuti akhoza ziri likumasuliridwa kuti "obstetrics". Azamba amawathandiza mayi kubereka mwana. Mwana kale anapanga, ndipo mzamba kumathandiza chokha chakuti anabadwa. Pamene ntchito chidziwitso, pamalo mwana amalankhula chowonadi, chimene timadziwika pasadakhale, chifukwa - amachokera ku dziko maganizo. Koma chifukwa moyo wathu zimakhudza maganizo chuma, muyenera kukakamiza - ndi mafunso kutsogolera mudretsa- "Mzamba" ndi maganizo a anthu "anabadwa yekha" modzozedwa ndi kwenikweni anakumbukira zimene anali kale kale. Cholinga chomwe za Plato zachokera chiphunzitso Socratic maevtiki ndipo akufotokozera izo.

Choyamba, nzeru zapamwamba formulates chiphunzitso cha wosatha ndi chachikulu chokhudza dziko chuma kumwamba maganizo, mabungwe. Musanayambe Mwachitsanzo, tebulo, mbuye kale ali mu malingaliro lingaliro la zinthu zina, ndi lathyathyathya yopingasa pamwamba, ataliatali pamwamba pansi. Ndipo ziribe kanthu mtundu wa chinthu kuchita mbuye (olumala, ang'onoang'ono, lalikulu, losavuta komanso mochititsa kaso wokometsedwa, pa miyendo inayi kapena pa m'modzi). Chinthu chachikulu ndi kuti aliyense wakuyang'ana nkhaniyi, ananena kuti - tebulo, koposa kuwunika, amphora, etc. Ndiko kuti, cholinga chomwe cha Plato amatenga ulamuliro wa malingaliro pa zinthu zapadera.

Mu chikhalidwe lamapiri la dziko lingokhalabe masiku onse. Iwo ali pamaso kupeza mawu mu nkhani amorphous, zinthu, ndipo zitatha izi ndi akale ndi kuphwanya, amagwa anaiwalika. Ngakhale kuti ife amaganiza kuti akamanena za iPod kapena ndi riyakitala nyukiliya analipo kale oyambitsa awo, cholinga chomwe cha Plato ananena kuti njira iyo ili: "Eidos", makamaka monga kuonekera pamene ife ndife 'okonzeka kubereka "kwa iwo. Choncho, cholinga, wambawamba ndi bessmetny pamene zinthu - yekha emanation, ungwiro ndi chobvunda mthunzi wa zenizeni woona.

munthu, monga Plato, pokhala okayikira. Pa dzanja limodzi, thupi lake ndi mbali ya dziko chuma, ndi pa ena, - mutu ndi chofunikira wauzimu amachokera kumalo apamwamba. Kuyang'ana chinthu, ife, poyamba pa zonse, kukonza maganizo ake "Eidos". Kuyang'ana amphaka awiri, maganizo a anthu yomweyo wamvetsetsa kuyandikana zawo (ngakhale kuti munthu - ang'ono ndi wakuda, ndipo chachiwiri - lalikulu, wofiira, ndi ambiri, osati chachikazi, ndi mphaka). Tiziganiza, monga cholinga chomwe cha Plato, zimasungika maonekedwe ndi mfundo imene anthu kuzindikira zofunikira mwa anthuwo Unyinji wa zinthu konkire.

Platonism anapeza otsatira ake mu nzeru ndi chiphunzitso cha nzeru osati dziko wakale, komanso Ages Middle ndipo ngakhale masiku ano. Chibadwidwe njira ya luntha Plato ankaona dziko zinthu inauthentic, chifukwa maganizo a zomverera makamaka sizinthu amatipatsa zomwenso ake. Woweruza chinachake inachokera pa malingaliro, ndi ngati anthu akhungu kumverera njovu, wina anganene kuti ndime iyi, wachiwiri - kuti payipi, wachitatu - kuti khoma akhakula. Muyenera adzatsika kuchokera onse kuti imeneyo ndi njira iyi akutchedwa deduction. Choncho chabe mu nzeru kumapereka lingaliro Mzimu yaikulu amene amalenga zooneka zinthu dziko, ndiwo mtundu wa padziko lonse, kulenga konkire.

Choncho chidziwitso - ichi ndi ntchito ndi malingaliro. Kuthana ndi mabungwe komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa ubale pakati pawo poyerekeza ndi kufanizira amatchedwa "dialectic." Plato ntchito fanizo la munthu atakhala kutsogolo khoma ndi kuyang'anira mmene munthu wonyamula kumbuyo kwake zina. Iye amayesetsa mithunzi kuponyedwa pa khoma, ndikuganiza icho chiri. Ichi ndi nzeru zathu. Wafilosofi ankakhulupirira kuti dziko chuma, zinthu sizoona, kuti iwo ndi "mthunzi" alili, monga mankhwala omwe chilli ndi ophatikizidwa, kupotoza izo. Ndi bwino kumvetsa maganizo kosatha, koma diso yakumwamba ya malingaliro kuposa zochokera kuphunzira zinthu payekha. Kuyambira pamenepo, zonse nzeru zapamwamba idealist ndi (mu kuzindikira pagulu) ndi kutali ndi chowonadi chenicheni cha munthu, zikuuluka mu dziko la kukhumbira zawo.