Itawonongedwa lalikulu mu USSR: history, maonekedwe, ndi mndandanda wa ziwerengero. Mayi wina amene anapulumuka ngozi ndege mu USSR

Air ngozi kuchitika ndi infrequently, koma aliyense wa iwo mu njira yapadera kusokoneza anthu. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa iwo nthawi anapha ambiri ndi mazana a anthu. Chikutanthauza kuti anali nazonso ndi la Soviet Union. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa ngozi lalikulu mu USSR, mfundo zawo ndi ziwerengero mwa anthu.

mndandanda masoka

Ndi angati ndege ngozi mu USSR? Ngati kuganizira angakhale ang'ono, popanda kukumana ndi mavuto aakulu amene akuvutikawo. chiwerengero chawo ndi lalikulu kwambiri ndipo n'zokayikitsa kuchita incalculable. Tiona wotchuka kwambiri ndiponso zazikulu ngozi. List of n'zimene ndege Soviet Union chiri motere:

• tsoka pa Tiflis (1925);
• Kuwonongeka pa chapakati Aerodrome mu Moscow (1935);
• imfa ya Air Force lamulo mu Sverdlovsk (1950);
• ngozi ndege Vurnarsky District (1958);
• tsoka pafupi Krasnoyarsk (1962);
• ngozi mu Sverdlovsk (1967);
• kugunda kwa ndege pa Region Kaluga (1969);
• tsoka Svetlogorsk (1972);
• unagwa mu dera Kharkov (1972);
• ngozi ndege Nerskaya Mtsinje Nyanja (1972);
• ngozi pa Leningrad (1974);
• imfa "Pakhtakor" timu (1979);
• zipolowe pa Zavitinsk (1981);
• tsoka pa ndege Omsk (1984);
• Kuwonongeka kwa Lviv (1985);
• tsoka pafupi Uchkuduk (1985);
• tsoka la ndege Kurumoch (1986);
• Kuwonongeka mu dera Irkutsk (1989).

Mu mndandanda kumaphatikizapo osati ngozi yaikulu chiwerengero cha anthu amene, komanso kwambiri resonant. Kumene, chiwerengero cha n'zimene ndege Soviet Union zinali zambiri, koma tikambirana makamaka za masoka yekha pamwamba.

Tsoka loyamba

Tsoka lalikulu mu USSR amatsegula kuwonongeka mwakwera ndege Junkers F 13, umene unachitika pa Tiflis mu Georgia mu 1925. Ndi apa kuti mukhoza kuyamba kuwerenga ndege mavuto mu boma la Soviet.

Izi zinacitika ndege likulu Chijojiya Sukhum. Pa bolodi ndegeyo anali mamembala adalira awiri ndi okwera atatu, zouluka utumiki boma. Patatha mphindi 15 pambuyo zofunika Junkers F 13 Mwadzidzidzi moto. Awiri m'basimo anapanga tumphatumpha wosimidwa, koma anagwa imfa yake. Apaulendo ena anaphedwa ndi kuphulika mu kugunda kwa ndege pansi.

Zolondola chifukwa cha moto kotero kukhazikitsa ndi analephera, koma, malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, izo zinachitika chifukwa chakuti munthu m'basimo anaponya woyaka machesi pansi.

Inde, kukula kwa chochitika chiwerengero cha anthu amene ali ndithu otsika masoka zimenezo zimene tikambirana ina, komabe ndi ngozi imeneyi ndege angatchedwe choyamba mu Soviet Union.

Tsoka pa ndege Moscow

Itawonongedwa lalikulu mu USSR kupitiriza ngozi imene inachitika May 1935 m'dera osachiritsika a Moscow, yomwe inali m'mudzi wa Sokol. Zinali ndiye kuti woyendetsa Nikolay Balagin, kumapitiriza womenya kuthawa yonyamula inagwera mu Nyerere 20 "limakhulupirira Gorky". Kupatula mwini, anthu 11 anafa gulu la ogwira ntchito m'sitimayo ndege ndi anthu 38. Ngakhale pali deta taphunzira kuti okwera anali 50. Choncho, chiwerengero cha anthu amene akhudzidwa ranged anthu 49 62.

The chigamulo cha kufufuza anali wopezeka - woyendetsa zolakwa.

Imfa ya gulu BBC

Kukambirana ngozi ndege Russia ndi USSR, sangathe kuyiwala za imfa ya Air Force osewera umodzi timu pa chiyambi cha January 1950, zouluka ku Moscow kuti Chelyabinsk msonkhano ndi gulu m'deralo. The ndege zinachitika mu zinthu kani katundu nyengo, kuti anali mmodzi wa zimayambitsa mavuto. Chinthu china mavuto bungwe lotchedwa utumiki dispatcher, makamaka kuphonya ikamatera "awo" ndege, ndipo Li-2, lomwe anaulukira ku Air Force timu kalekale mu mlengalenga, kuyembekezera chilolezo pamtunda.

Choncho, ziwerengero za n'zimene mu USSR kudzadza ndi akuvutika wina naintini, amene 8 anali adalira mamembala 11 - osewera mu timu.

Derailment Vurnarsky District

Ngati ngozi zina zikuluzikulu mpweya Russia ndi USSR, tsoka mu Vurnarsky District adzakhala yaitali kukhalabe chikumbukiro anthu, makamaka achibale. Izo zinachitika pafupi ndi mudzi wa Bulatov Chuvashkoy ASSR mu October 1958.

Lachiwiri-104A anali kunyamula nthumwi za atsogoleri Chinese chipani kuchokera Omsk kwa Moscow, koma mpaka kufika chifukwa mavuto nyengo ogwira ntchito yonyamula anali anakana yogonera komweko. Nkhani yofanana analibwerezanso Gorky. Choncho, oyendetsa anaganiza popita ku Sverdlovsk. Koma ganizo limeneli anapereka kwa kusintha kwakukulu kumene. Pogwira mchitidwe yovutayi, ndegeyo anali mu mpweya mtsinje amphamvu, nchifukwa chake Iye adalowa madzi, ndipo kuti chinali chifukwa cha kugunda pansi.

Chifukwa, Ronaldo anapha anthu oyendetsa asanu ndi okwera 71.

Tsoka pafupi Krasnoyarsk

Ndithudi, izo zonse zinachitika mu ngozi ndege Russia ndi USSR - ndi matsoka aakulu, koma mwa otsalawo tingaone ndi tsoka la Krasnoyarsk mu June 1962. Ndi kusiyana ndi ena chifukwa sanali woyendetsa zolakwa kapena bwana, osati wonongeka la ndegeyo, ndi nyengo, ndi odana ndi ndege chida kugunda kwabasi.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa Lachiwiri 104 anali kuwulutsa ku Irkutsk kuti Omsk, anakhalabe chinsinsi. Only pamene kufufuza mbali ya ndege pa ngozi malo anatha kuona kuwonongeka kwa khungu fuselage. Ndipo dzenje anali kuchokera kunja. Kenaka kunapezeka kuti pafupi inkachitikira Zochita usilikali, ndipo chifukwa mavuto nyengo ndi chimodzi mwa missiles've odana ndege anataya cholinga chawo choyamba ndi refocus pa Lachiwiri 104.

The chifukwa cha vutoli imfa ya mamembala adalira asanu ndi atatu okwera 76. Chiwerengero cha anthu amene sanali mpaka chotero ngozi yaikulu mu USSR.

ngozi ndege Sverdlovsk

zolemba zina zomvetsa chisoni anakhazikitsidwa mu 1967 pafupi Sverdlovsk, kumene inaonongeka yonyamula Il-18. Ronaldo anaphedwa okwera 99 ndi mamembala adalira 8 munthu. Ndipo kachiwiri, zonse za ngozi mu USSR, lomwe zinachitika yaitali sanathe zikugwirizana chiwerengero cha anthu ophedwa pa zimenezi.

Chifukwa cha tsoka ndipo analephera kukhazikitsa odalirika. Ndege pa liwilo inagwera mu nthaka, chifukwa mu wosweka powomba ambiri. Komabe, panali atapereka Baibulo la wonongeka luso.

Tsoka kwa Region Kaluga

Kumene, kunena za kuwonongeka lalikulu Russia ndi Soviet Union, sakhoza kunyalanyaza kugwa kwa Yukhnov mu 1969. Pajatu anali kwambiri zikuluzikulu tsoka Soviet Union, malinga ndi chiwerengero cha anthu amene anthu amene anachitika chifukwa cha kugunda a ndege. Komanso, anali kugwa kwa lotchuka kwambiri m'dera Kaluga.

ngoziyi inkachitika chifukwa cha kugunda yonyamula Il-14M ndi ndege zankhondo zoyendera An-12BP. The chifukwa cha mwambo umenewu momvetsa chisoni ndi imfa ya anthu 24 pa bolodi zonyamula anthu 96 m'ngalawa ndege za nkhondo. Kuphatikizapo kupha ziwalo 5 oyendetsa galimoto onse mpweya.

Chifukwa cha ngoziyi anamuzindikira ndi onse magawo ngolo kuphwanya anakonzeratu msinkhu.

Tsoka mu Svetlogorsk

Mwa ngozi zina ndege amene anachitika ku Soviet Union, tchulani tsoka la 1972 mu mzinda wa Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad dera. Ndi pamene asilikali zoyendera ndege An-24T, anapanga anakonza mwazunguliza inaonongeka. Vuto la chochitika ichi kuti mu kugwa ndege unagwera pa sukulu ya mkaka ndi. Motero, anataya osati mamembala 8 onse a anthu ogwira ntchito, komanso antchito atatu a mabungwe sukulu ndi ana 24. Chiwerengero cha anthu amene akuvutikawo. anali anthu 34.

Pamene chochitika ichi zomvetsa chisoni maudindo atayesetsa kubisala, koma, koma chochitika zoopsa sangathe kukhala pagulu. kufufuza The zinachitikadi mobisa, ndipo zotsatira anapangidwa anthu okha 2010, mwachitsanzo, zitatha kugwa Soviet. Malinga ndi lipoti, chifukwa cha tsokalo anali kuphunzitsa osauka a ndege. Koma si limodzi mlandu mogwirizana ndi mwambo ndipo siinali lotseguka, ngakhale iwo anachotsedwa posts awo dazeni ochepa udindo wapamwamba asilikali.

Popeza kuti chifukwa cha tsokalo anakhala ndege zankhondo, ndiye chochitika akhoza kulembedwa mu ngozi asilikali ndege mu USSR.

Tsoka m'dera Kharkiv

tsoka lina lalikulu zinachitika mu 1972 m'chigawo Kharkiv pafupi ndi mudzi wa Russian Lozova. Kumeneko inaonongeka mwakwera ndege An-10, zouluka pa njira Moscow - Kharkiv. Zotsatira za kuwonongeka zinali zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri - anthu 122 anaphedwa, amene - 7 mamembala adalira.

Kufufuza anakhazikitsa kuti chifukwa cha ngozi anayamba zolakwa luso dongosolo la ndege. Choncho posachedwa ndege An-10 anali kucheza ndi utumiki.

ngozi ndege pafupi Moscow

tsoka lina lalikulu, komwe kunachitika mu 1972 chomwecho, zinali kugwa IL 62, ankachokera ku Paris ku Moscow, ku Nerskaya Mtsinje Nyanja pamene ankafika pa mapeto kufika kuthawa kwanu. The chifukwa cha vutoli imfa ya okwera 164 ndi mamembala 10 adalira. Pa nthawi imeneyo zinali kwambiri wofuna mpweya kuwonongeka kumene kunachitika pa dera la Russia. Pa nthawi, chiwerengero cha anamwalira kuposa iye yekha tsoka mu Omsk mu 1984.

Kufufuza sanaulule chifukwa chenicheni cha kuwonongeka, koma wina Mabaibulo waukulu akuti lidali altimeter kolowera.

Kugwa Leningrad

Ziwerengero ndege n'zimene mu USSR ndi Russia chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchulanso kugwa kwa yonyamula Il-18b mu Leningrad mu 1974. Mwa njira, anakhala waukulu ndege tsoka, zomwe zinachitika pafupi ndi mzinda wachiwiri kukula mu Soviet Union.

The ndege latsala pa ndege Leningrad - Zaporozhye, ndi kokha anachoka kunyamuka mfundo wanu pamene maganizo injini. Adalira anayesa kuti abwererane ndege kuti ndege, koma moto uwonjezeke pamene ankafika, ndege ndi kuugwira ndi ndege inaonongeka. Chifukwa cha ngozi wonongeka mu injini dzina lake. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zochita katswiri wa gulu la oyendetsa taonera kale kuti anachita ndendende monga malangizo ndachita zonse zotheka kupewa ngozi.

Chifukwa cha tsoka anaphedwa okwera 102 ndi mamembala 7 adalira. Chiwerengero cha anthu amene akhudzidwa anawerenga anthu 109.

Imfa ya timu ya mpira "Pakhtakor"

ngozi iliyonse amachititsa ayankhe ndithu, koma makamaka amanditenga anthu, pamene anapha wotchuka anthu, ojambula zithunzi, othamanga. Izo zinachitika mu 1979 pamene chifukwa cha kugunda awiri Lachiwiri 134 pa Dneprodzerzhinsk anapha pafupifupi anthu onse a timu ya mpira wa USSR Major League "Pakhtakor" Tashkent. Koma ngakhale popanda zimenezi sizinali kuwonongeka umodzi mu USSR, monga mwaunyinji malinga ndi chiwerengero cha anthu amene. Chifukwa cha vutoli anapha okwana anthu 178 pa ndege onse, kuphatikizapo 17 "Pakhtakor" osewera timu ndi mamembala 13 a oyendetsa ndege. Palibe kugwa mu mbiri ya Soviet Union sanawone nambala lalikulu la anthu amene akhudzidwa. Komanso, tsoka ukadali lili pa nambala wachiwiri dziko chiwerengero aphedwa kugunda a ndege ziwiri.

Malinga ndi zomwe anapeza kufufuza boma chifukwa cha pachitike tsoka zikuluzikulu anakhala Manager vuto.

wopulumuka

Inde, kugunda a ndege pa Zavitinsk mu 1981 ndi chodziwikiratu kuti kuvala mndandanda: ". Yaikulu ya kuwonongeka kwa USSR" N'zochititsa chidwi osiyana. Iwo amagwirizana ndi chochitika chimodzi chokha wa onse okwera mkazi, anapulumuka ngozi ndege mu USSR. Kuti iye anachita ngozi imeneyi kudziwika kwa dziko lonse.

Larissa Savitskaya, ndicho wotchedwa anapulumuka ngozi ndege mu USSR, ndi mwamuna wake anabwerera kuchokera kokasangalala athu Blagoveshchensk kwawo pa ndege An-24. Tsoka zinachitika pamalo okwera mamita kuposa 5,000, pamene yonyamula inawombana ndi ndege zankhondo Lachiwiri-16. Ndiye, chifukwa boma la ngozi adzakhala dzina lake kusatsatira boma ndi asilikali ulamuliro misonkhano.

Pa kugunda kwa Savitskaya ndege mbakhagona, koma iye anagalamuka ku mantha amphamvu ndipo amayaka ndi kuzizira chifukwa depressurization pa bwalo lamkati. Mbali ya ndege, pamene mkaziyo anali anapulumuka mu ngozi ndege mu USSR, anagwa m'dziko birch kuti mwanjira ina kuti chisoti kugwa. Komanso, iye anali mwayi kuti iye anali mu gawo mchira wa ndege, wamng'ono anakhudzidwa ndi Ronaldo.

Komabe, chifukwa cha kugwa kwa Larissa Savitskaya adalandira concussion kwambiri, anataya pafupifupi onse mano, muli ena amavulala msana ndi fractures wa miyendo ndi nthiti, koma iye anali akadali moyo ndipo anali ngakhale amasamukira. Koma kuyambira pa kuchimwa kwa malo a ndegeyo ali kutali kwambiri ndi kumene anthu, ndiye Larissa Owapulumutsa imapezeka mu masiku awiri.

Choncho - ochitidwa okha Ronaldo. Mu USSR izi mudziwe kugunda kwa nthawi yaitali kubisala. Larisa Savitskaya anatchuka kwambiri padziko lonse yekha mu 2000, pamene zinthu zonse zimene zinachitika anali kuwuluridwa.

Panali chitsanzo chimodzi chokha monga chonchi. Mu 1972, munthu anapulumutsidwa zakugwa kutalika owonjezera mamita 10 000, pambuyo kuphulika kwa ndegeyo. Munthu ameneyo anali Yugoslavia Vesna Vulovic - wolankhula, anapulumuka kuwonongeka. Koma nkhani ya USSR ndi Savitskaya, zakugwa kutalika choposa mamita 5000, sankadziwa motikomera. Mkazi uyu anali yekhayo wa anthu 38 m'ngalawa ndegeyo awiri, amene anali ndi moyo mu ngozi pa Zavitinsk.

Tsoka mu Omsk

Tsoka kumene kunachitika mu ndege Omsk mu 1984, ali nkhani zambiri kuti kuwasiyanitsa ndi chiwerengero cha zochitika zimenezi. Kodi iye sanati chichitike mu mlengalenga ndi pansi, ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka ichi ndege. Mu USSR, izo zachitika zambiri. Komanso chiwerengero cha anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi vutoli ndi lonse la anthu zimene zinachitika pa dera la Russia.

The kugunda yonyamula Lachiwiri 154 ankafika, ndi makina chisanu, kupha okwera 169 ndi mamembala 4 adalira. zonyamula limodzi ndi mamembala asanu adalira anapulumuka.

Tsoka pafupi Lviv

Enumerating ndege ngozi yaikulu ya USSR, tiyenera kutchula tsoka cha 1985 m'dera Lviv, Ukraine. Ngoziyi itachitika pa Kharkov ndi Dneprodzerzhinsk anali zikuluzikulu ndege ngozi pa chiwerengero cha anthu ophedwa zimene zinachitika pa dera la Republic Soviet.

Chifukwa cha ngozi anali kugunda wa asilikali zoyendera ndege An-26 Lachiwiri-134A ndege, anali kuwulutsa ku Tallinn kuti Chisinau ndi anaima ku Lviv. Chifukwa cha chochitika, amene chinachitika pafupi ndi mzinda Zolochiv Lviv dera kupha 79 wamba okwera ndege 9 - usilikali, komanso anthu asanu adalira ndi aliyense ndege. Popanda wopulumuka, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu amene akhudzidwa analipo anthu 94.

Chifukwa cha kufufuza izo unakhazikitsidwa kuti chifukwa cha kuwonongeka anali woyang'anira zolakwa.

Tsoka pafupi Uchkuduk

Monga mukuonera, akuluakulu ndege ngozi mu Russia ndi USSR zimachitika nthawi zambiri, koma ofunika kwambiri chiwerengero cha anthu amene ayenera kutengedwa ngati kugwa kwa Uchkuduk pa dera la Uzbekistan. Zimenezi zinachitika mu 1985, mu gawo lotsiriza la kuli Soviet Union. Ngakhale ngozi ku Soviet Union analibe chiwerengero lalikulu la anthu amene anafa. Chiwerengero cha anthu amene akhudzidwa anawerenga anthu 200, amene okwera 191 ndi mamembala 9 adalira.

Chifukwa cha tsokalo anali chakuti pa ndege kuchokera Karshi kuti Leningrad ogwira ntchito yonyamula ya Lachiwiri 154 kuugwira, chifukwa mu ndege anagwera mu sapota ndi anagwa. Malinga ndi Baibulo boma la kufufuza za mbali yaikulu ya mlandu pa zimene zinachitika chili ndi oyendetsa amene apatuka zofunika muyezo kupeza kutalika malire, kenako sanathe kulimbana ndi kasamalidwe vuto mwadzidzidzi.

Kugwa mu Kuibyshev

tsoka lina lalikulu atakalamba Soviet Union anali ngozi ndege ya Lachiwiri 134 pabwalo la ndege la mzinda wa Kuibyshev - Kurumoch. Vuto la chochitika kumatheka chifukwa chakuti izo zinachitika chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza woyendetsa ntchito yake. Anakangana ndi mamembala a ogwira ntchito kuti athe kuika yonyamula mwachimbulimbuli. kuyesa izi inatha zoipa kwambiri. Wachifwamba chosasamala wa oyendetsa Aleksandra Klyueva ali ankanena 70 miyoyo mkulu. Iwo anapulumuka anthu 24 okha pa anthu oyendetsa 94 ndipo anthu.

Woyendetsa sanafe ndipo m'ndende zaka 15 m'ndende. Koma pambuyo nthawi wakhala ndikusinthidwa ndipo m'malo ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi m'ndende.

Tsoka mu dera Irkutsk

Otsiriza lalikulu ndege ngozi, zomwe zinachitika pa dera la USSR, tinganene kuti ngozi imene inachitika mu 1989 ku dera Irkutsk. Ndiyeno panali kugunda kwa mwakwera ndege Yak 40 zouluka ku Irkutsk kuti Zheleznogorsk, ndi ndege zankhondo Mi-8. Chifukwa, Ronaldo anapha anthu 33 m'ngalawa ndege, ndipo 7 asilikali, akuuluka ndege a.

Kufufuza anasonyeza kuti chifukwa cha ngozi, monga chachitika kangapo, anali kusowa kugwirizana pakati dispatchers boma ndi ndege zankhondo.

Ilo linali lalikulu ndege kuwonongeka chatha m'dziko limene kale ndi nthawi anadwala wamkulu geopolitical ngoziyo.

Pomaliza

Ndithudi, zonse za ngozi ku Russia ndi ku Soviet Union mu zomvetsa chisoni chake, koma ife tayesera kuganizira kumveka lalikulu kapena pa iwo. Komabe, Kudziwa wodzala ndi mndandanda wa khumi mavuto sakutchula, ndipo wowerenga aliyense akhoza optionally kuonjezera ngoziyi amene anachitika ku Soviet Union, amaonedwa kuti ndi oyenerera zimenezi.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti ngakhale kuti pa nthawiyo boma monga Soviet Union kulibe, itawonongedwa ndege kupitiriza moyo wa mwathu muno. Kukumbukira lililonse mavuto amenewa, kaya kukula kwake, ayenera kukhala mu mitima ya anthu.