Van De Graaff jenereta: chipangizo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za

Van De Graaff jenereta kupangidwa m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri. Ankaperekerako zolinga zosiyanasiyana, makamaka kwa Research nyukiliya. Kenako ntchito wakhala mwapang'ono. Today mugule ngati chidole ndi kusonyeza ana levitation wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, inu mukhoza kumanga jenereta anu. Ndiye iye adzakhala kwambiri maphunziro chitsanzo, limene ikuchitika zatsopano zosiyanasiyana.

zidule mwana

Kodi mukufuna kulenga "matsenga"? Kutenga thumba la polyethylene, kudula malekezero onse ndipo muvale chingwe, kuti uta. Ndiye, alipidwa zosiyanasiyana pulasitiki kufikisidwa wabwino wa chinthu mapeyala ndi kubweretsa izo kwa uta: kuyamba zouluka ...

Okonzeka "Wand" ndi kanjedza, amene angachite zidule amenewa, ndipo inu mukhoza kugula ku sitolo.

Koma njira Chophweka kuona "matsenga" - izo zangokhala Pet mphaka. Ndiye ife angathe kumva ndi kuona akuwuka magetsi malo amodzi.

Koma chidole kuti replicates dongosolo la Van De Graaff jenereta, akuthamanga pa batire. Pamene inu akanikizire batani pa nsonga ya mlandu electrostatic. Choncho, chithunzi chake Zimatero, ndipo akuyamba monga milandu amawateteza mzake. Popeza zimakwana Kadulidwa mu njira ina, iye "mpweya" ndi kulandira buku. Ngati mlandu ndi zofooketsa, inu amangowerenga alemba kamodzi pa "matsenga" batani.

A mbiri pang'ono

Inde, Van De Graaff jenereta - sikungokhudza zoseweretsa ana. Wasayansi iyemwini analenga ana ake kuchita kafukufuku kwambiri sayansi gawo atomiki. Chitsanzo choyamba anapangidwa mu 1929. Iye anali wamfupi. miyeso More chidwi analandira Van De Graaff jenereta, wokwera pa njanji kwa airships. Lachitsanzo inkakhala zipilala ziwiri, amene anakonza pamwamba pa aluminiyamu muzochitika dzenje ndi awiri a mapazi khumi ndi asanu.

Inamangidwa mu 1931 ndi 1933 unsembe mphamvu anafika volts miliyoni asanu. Koma mtengo wa kilovolts mpaka makumi asanu ndi atatu anapereka woyamba Van De Graaff jenereta.

Mfundo ntchito

Mkati imazungulira vertically dielectric Mzere wa pepala. Wodzigudubuza inali pamwamba, ndi insulator, ndi pansi unapangidwa zitsulo ndi olumikizidwa kwa nthaka. The burashi elekitirodi mu mphukira Nawalanditsa mlandu, amene uniformly anagawira m'deralo. Pafupi ndi elekitirodi mu pansi, mpweya ndi ionized, ayoni ndi wofunika ali anakaika pa tepi, ndipo gawo limene imatsogoleredwa oposa, wapatsidwa.

Kulandira mkulu angathe kusiyana mu accelerators liniya tinthu (zomwe zinali zofunika ndi izi magudumu) ntchito mitundu iwiri milandu yosiyanasiyana. Mu mmodzi wa awa anasonkhanitsa zabwino, ndi zina - negative. Pamene ndende kufika pamlingo winawake, kumaliseche magetsi ndinazembera therebetween. Kuti ankaphunzira. Voteji kukufika mamiliyoni volts.

zipangizo kale ntchito pochita kafukufuku nyukiliya ndi tinthu mathamangitsidwe. Kamodzi panali njira zina mofulumira, anayamba ntchito m'dera limeneli ndi zochepa wamba. Panopa Van De Graaff jenereta mokulirapo ntchito mawerengeredwe. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza yesezera zachilengedwe kukha mpweya. M'malo matepi makhazikitsidwe zambiri ntchito unyolo wopangidwa mwa pulasitiki ndi chitsulo limasonyeza mmodzi ndi mmodzi.

Kodi muyenera za gulu kudzikonda msonkhano

Lachitsanzo n'zosavuta kumanga improvised anu. Van De Graaff jenereta, ndi manja awo anasonkhana tichipeza zigawo izi:

• pensulo;
• yokonza PVC chitoliro;
• chingamu;
• tatifupi pepala;
• aluminum zojambulazo;
• injini ku zizichita;
• wosweka kuwala mababu;
• pastes youma ku chogwirira;
• mabatire a volts naini;
• zomatira tepi;
• waya;
• mapiritsi.

zinthu zonse ayenera kukhala wouma komanso mpweya mu chipinda. Apo ayi, ntchito yomanga sadzakhala zosavuta kudzakhala, koma ofooka kwambiri.

Ndicho chimene chimachitika Van De Graaff jenereta. chithunzi m'munsimu limasonyeza bwanji chitsanzo Chioneke motero.

Monga jenereta amadzipweteka

Choyamba, dzenje ndi mokhomerera pa bolodi, amene adzakhala dongosolo m'munsi. Nyamula kubowola wa awiri abwino, mawonekedwe - mu mawonekedwe a cholembera. Ndiye, pa chubu kuchita mipata ziwiri pamwamba ndi pansi, chifukwa pastes. Kupanga mabowo awiri, wina pang'ono kuposa pamwamba, ndipo chachiwiri - perpendicular pansi.

Kenako, phala ayenera kwathunthu bwino inki. Dulani chidutswa lolingana awiri mkati mwa chitoliro lapansi. Tengani kopanira, anaweramuka ndi kudula chidutswa cha kutalika wokwanira kuti zinthu pa centimeter a chubu.

Wa chopangidwa dielectric Sikochi wapa tepi. Chingamu phala, kotero kuti mbali ziwiri analinso yomata.

Zinthu okonzeka ndi zopereka.

Awonjezedwa maburashi kuti kusonkhanitsa mlandu. Pansipa burashi chimadutsa dzenje ndi kupanga nsonga ya kufwanyulira lapansi. Maburashi ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi gulu zotanuka, koma musaukhudze. Upper yamazinga kudzera dzenje pamwamba.

Kenako, ntchito zojambulazo aluminiyamu phala kale wosweka babu. waya olemera Ufumuyo zojambulazo lapansi. Nyali ndi anaikapo pamwamba pa khoma lake.

The Van De Graaff ophunzitsira wokonzeka.

zatsopano

Ngati elekitirodi chapamwamba Ufumuyo ndi chingwe zingapo ndi kubweretsa manja anu, iwo "kuyima pa mapeto" ndi azidzalamulira zala. Yesani kuchita zinthu zatsopano mu mdima.

Kuti amphamvu kwambiri magetsi, kulumikiza jenereta awiri.

A njira zabwino zatsopano adzakhala Leyden mtsuko.

The kuyesera chotchuka kwambiri ina imene tsitsi kuyima pa mapeto. Kuchita izi, kuyima pa munthu mphasa labala, gulu matabwa kapena plywood. dzanja A kuvala dera la (jenereta ayenera iyimitsidwe kupewa mantha magetsi). Pambuyo kusintha pa chipangizo ndidzadutsa ngati nthethe, kuchititsa tsitsi kuyima pa mapeto.

Jenereta ayenera akatulutsidwa nthawi iliyonse ntchito ndi kugwira naye ntchito mosamala kwambiri chifukwa panopa koopsa kwa anthu.